{"Name":"Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-postaxial polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0010341","id":10341,"encodedName":"megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-postaxial-polydactyly-hydrocephalus-syndrome","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-postaxial polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome","Xref_IDs__c":"722036008; C1863924; MEDGEN:355095; MONDO:0019375; OMIMPS:603387; ORPHA:83473","USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":4,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":0,"No_of_HHS_records__c":1,"World_Estimate__c":"1 to 8,000","No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":1,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":4,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":7,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":2,"Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0019375","Disease_Description__c":"A rare syndrome with a central nervous system malformation as a major feature characterized by macrocephaly, megalencephaly, bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria, variable degrees of ventriculomegaly/hydrocephalus, developmental delay and intellectual disability, oromotor dysfunction, hypotonia, seizures, and dysmorphic facial features (such as frontal bossing, low-set ears, a flat nasal bridge, and high-arched palate). Postaxial polydactyly of one or more extremities is also common.","GARD_Name__c":"Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-postaxial polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome","GARD_Synonym__c":"meg-pmg-megacc syndrome; megalencephaly-polymicrogyria- polydactyly- hydrocephalus (mpph) syndrome; megalencephaly, polymicrogyria, postaxial polydactyly, hydrocephalus syndrome; mpph (megalencephaly, polymicrogyria, polydactyly, hydrocephalus) syndrome; mpph syndrome","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0010341","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus (MPPH) syndrome is a rare disorder that primarily affects the development of the brain. Affected individuals are born with an unusually large brain and head size (megalencephaly). The head and brain continue to grow rapidly during the first 2 years of life. MPPH syndrome is also associated with a brain abnormality called bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria (BPP). The surface of the brain normally has many ridges or folds, called gyri. In people with BPP, an area of the brain called the perisylvian region develops too many gyri, and the folds are irregular and unusually small. Other brain abnormalities, including a buildup of fluid in the brain (hydrocephalus), have also been reported in people with MPPH syndrome. The problems with brain development cause a variety of neurological signs and symptoms. People with MPPH syndrome have delayed development and intellectual disability that ranges from mild to severe. About half of affected individuals develop recurrent seizures (epilepsy) beginning early in childhood. People with MPPH syndrome also have difficulty coordinating movements of the mouth and tongue (known as oromotor dysfunction), which leads to drooling, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), and a delay in the production of speech (expressive language). About half of people with MPPH syndrome have an extra finger or toe on one or more of their hands or feet (polydactyly). The polydactyly is described as postaxial because it occurs on the same side of the hand or foot as the pinky finger or little toe. The brain abnormalities characteristic of MPPH syndrome are also found in a closely related condition called megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome (MCAP). However, MCAP includes abnormalities of small blood vessels in the skin (capillary malformations) and several other features that are not usually part of MPPH syndrome.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"as a Newborn and as an Infant","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:83473","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Grouping","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0019375","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:83473","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Síndrome de megalencefalia-polimicrogiria-polidactilia postaxial-hidrocefalia","Spanish_Description_Source__c":"ORPHA:83473","Spanish_Description__c":"Es un síndrome poco frecuente que presenta una malformación del sistema nervioso central como hallazgo principal, caracterizado por macrocefalia, megalencefalia, polimicrogiria perisilviana bilateral, ventriculomegalia/ hidrocefalia de grado variable, retraso psicomotor y discapacidad intelectual, disfunción motora oral, hipotonía, crisis epilépticas y rasgos faciales dismórficos (frente prominente, orejas de implantación baja, puente nasal plano y paladar ojival). También es frecuente la polidactilia postaxial de una o más extremidades.","Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"síndrome de megalencefalia-polimicrogiria-polidactilia postaxial-hidrocefalia","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":"síndrome mpph","Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:93890","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus (MPPH) syndrome is a rare disorder that primarily affects the development of the brain. Affected individuals are born with an unusually large brain and head size (megalencephaly). The head and brain continue to grow rapidly during the first 2 years of life. MPPH syndrome is also associated with a brain abnormality called bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria (BPP). The surface of the brain normally has many ridges or folds, called gyri. In people with BPP, an area of the brain called the perisylvian region develops too many gyri, and the folds are irregular and unusually small. Other brain abnormalities, including a buildup of fluid in the brain (hydrocephalus), have also been reported in people with MPPH syndrome. The problems with brain development cause a variety of neurological signs and symptoms. People with MPPH syndrome have delayed development and intellectual disability that ranges from mild to severe. About half of affected individuals develop recurrent seizures (epilepsy) beginning early in childhood. People with MPPH syndrome also have difficulty coordinating movements of the mouth and tongue (known as oromotor dysfunction), which leads to drooling, difficulty swallowing (dysphagia), and a delay in the production of speech (expressive language). About half of people with MPPH syndrome have an extra finger or toe on one or more of their hands or feet (polydactyly). The polydactyly is described as postaxial because it occurs on the same side of the hand or foot as the pinky finger or little toe. The brain abnormalities characteristic of MPPH syndrome are also found in a closely related condition called megalencephaly-capillary malformation syndrome (MCAP). However, MCAP includes abnormalities of small blood vessels in the skin (capillary malformations) and several other features that are not usually part of MPPH syndrome.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0010341","GARD_Synonym__c":"meg-pmg-megacc syndrome; megalencephaly-polymicrogyria- polydactyly- hydrocephalus (mpph) syndrome; megalencephaly, polymicrogyria, postaxial polydactyly, hydrocephalus syndrome; mpph (megalencephaly, polymicrogyria, polydactyly, hydrocephalus) syndrome; mpph syndrome","Name":"Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-postaxial polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome","Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","estimateUsa":"1,000"}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"Unique","Website__c":"https://rarechromo.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"PMG Awareness Organization","Website__c":"https://pmgawareness.org/"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Genetics","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Genetic diseases affect the DNA, or genetic instructions, which directs how tissues, organs, and body systems function.","curated_tag_name":"Genetic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neurology","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Neurological diseases affect the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, autonomic nerves, or other peripheral nerves.","curated_tag_name":"Neurological diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Congenital Abnormality","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category","category_description":"Birth defects are structural changes present at birth that can affect almost any part of the body, including how the body looks, works, or both.","curated_tag_name":"Birth defects"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neurodevelopmental disabilities","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist","curated_tag_name":"Neurodevelopmental disabilities"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pediatrics","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Neonatal","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:83473"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Infancy","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:83473"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://raresource.nih.gov/diseases/filter/0010341","Source__c":"RareSource"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK396098","Source__c":"Gene Review","Xref__c":"NBK396098"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=722036008","Source__c":"C1863924; MONDO:0019375","Xref__c":"722036008"},{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/83473","Source__c":"C1863924; MONDO:0019375","Xref__c":"ORPHA:83473"},{"URL__c":"https://www.omim.org/phenotypicSeries/PS603387","Source__c":"MONDO:0019375","Xref__c":"OMIMPS:603387"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019375","Source__c":"GARD:0010341","Xref__c":"MONDO:0019375"},{"URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus-syndrome","Source__c":"GARD:0010341","Xref__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus-syndrome"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=355095","Source__c":"C1863924","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:355095"},{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C1863924","Source__c":"C1863924","Xref__c":"C1863924"}],"GARD_Disease_Gene__c":[{"GeneSymbol__c":"CCND2","GHR_URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/ccnd2","Gene_Type__c":"protein-coding gene","Causal_Gene__c":true},{"GeneSymbol__c":"AKT3","GHR_URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/akt3","Gene_Type__c":"protein-coding gene","Causal_Gene__c":true},{"GeneSymbol__c":"PIK3R2","GHR_URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/pik3r2","Gene_Type__c":"protein-coding gene","Causal_Gene__c":true}],"Inheritance__c":["Autosomal dominant"],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:83473","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An anomaly of the intra-atrial or intraventricular septum.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001671","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of the cardiac septa; Heart septal defect; Septal defects","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal cardiac septum morphology","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:83473","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormal site of the kidney.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0100542","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal localisation of kidneys","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal localization of kidney","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:83473","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Interpupillary distance more than 2 SD above the mean (alternatively, the appearance of an increased interpupillary distance or widely spaced eyes).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000316","HPO_Synonym__c":"Excessive orbital separation; Increased distance between eye sockets; Increased distance between eyes; Increased interpupillary distance; Ocular hypertelorism; Wide-set eyes; Widely spaced eyes; Widened interpupillary distance","HPO_Name__c":"Hypertelorism","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:83473","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Diffuse enlargement of the entire cerebral hemispheres leading to macrocephaly (with or without overlying cortical dysplasia).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001355","HPO_Synonym__c":"Macrencephaly","HPO_Name__c":"Megalencephaly","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:83473","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001250","HPO_Synonym__c":"Epileptic seizure; Seizures","HPO_Name__c":"Seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:83473","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Polymicrogyria is a congenital malformation of the cerebral cortex characterized by abnormal cortical layering (lamination) and an excessive number of small gyri (folds).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002126","HPO_Synonym__c":"More grooves in brain","HPO_Name__c":"Polymicrogyria","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:83473","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Distance between the inner canthi more than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, apparently increased distance between the inner canthi.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000506","HPO_Synonym__c":"Corners of eye widely separated; Dystopia canthorum; Increased distance between medial canthi; Increased intercanthal distance","HPO_Name__c":"Telecanthus","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:83473","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormally increased height of the forehead.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000348","HPO_Synonym__c":"High forehead","HPO_Name__c":"High forehead","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:83473","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Supernumerary digits located at the ulnar side of the hand (that is, on the side with the fifth finger).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001162","HPO_Synonym__c":"Extra little finger; Extra pinkie finger; Extra pinky finger; Polydactyly affecting the 5th finger; Postaxial polydactyly of fingers; Postaxial polydactyly of hand; Postaxial polydactyly of hands","HPO_Name__c":"Postaxial hand polydactyly","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:83473","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001629","HPO_Synonym__c":"Hole in heart wall separating two lower heart chambers; Ventricular septal defects; Ventriculoseptal defect; VSD","HPO_Name__c":"Ventricular septal defect","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:83473","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0005280","HPO_Synonym__c":"Depressed bridge of nose; Depressed nasal bridge; Depressed nasal root; Flat bridge of nose; Flat nasal bridge; Flat nasal root; Flat, nasal bridge; Flattened nasal bridge; Low nasal bridge; Low nasal root; Retruded bridge of nose; Retruded nasal bridge","HPO_Name__c":"Depressed nasal bridge","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:83473","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Hydrocephalus is an active distension of the ventricular system of the brain resulting from inadequate passage of CSF from its point of production within the cerebral ventricles to its point of absorption into the systemic circulation.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000238","HPO_Synonym__c":"Hydrocephaly; Nonsyndromal hydrocephalus; Too much cerebrospinal fluid in the brain","HPO_Name__c":"Hydrocephalus","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:83473","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Occipitofrontal (head) circumference greater than 97th centile compared to appropriate, age matched, sex-matched normal standards. Alternatively, a apparently increased size of the cranium.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000256","HPO_Synonym__c":"Increased size of cranium; Increased size of skull; Large head; Large head circumference; Macrocephalus; Macrocrania; Megacephaly","HPO_Name__c":"Macrocephaly","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:83473","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0005105","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal nose morphology; Abnormal of morphology of nose; Abnormal of nasal shape; Abnormal of shape of nose","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal nasal morphology","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:83473","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the mitral valve characterized by insufficiency or incompetence of the mitral valve resulting in retrograde leaking of blood through the mitral valve upon ventricular contraction.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001653","HPO_Synonym__c":"Mitral incompetence; Mitral insufficiency; Mitral valve insufficiency; Mitral valve regurgitation","HPO_Name__c":"Mitral regurgitation","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:83473","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Distance between the commissures of the mouth more than 2 SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased width of the oral aperture (subjective).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000160","HPO_Synonym__c":"Microstomia; Narrow mouth; Small mouth; Small oral aperture","HPO_Name__c":"Narrow mouth","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}}],"tags":{"Cause":["Genetics"],"Disease Category":["Genetics","Neurology","Congenital Abnormality"],"Specialist":["Genetics","Neurology","Neurodevelopmental disabilities","Pediatrics"]},"synonyms":["meg-pmg-megacc syndrome"," megalencephaly-polymicrogyria- polydactyly- hydrocephalus (mpph) syndrome"," megalencephaly, polymicrogyria, postaxial polydactyly, hydrocephalus syndrome"," mpph (megalencephaly, polymicrogyria, polydactyly, hydrocephalus) syndrome"," mpph syndrome"]}