{"Name":"Diaphyseal dysplasia","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0001072","id":1072,"encodedName":"diaphyseal-dysplasia","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Diaphyseal dysplasia","Xref_IDs__c":"318761000119105; 34643004; C0011989; C84610; DOID:4997; HP:0100252; MEDGEN:4268; MONDO:0007542; OMIM:131300; OMIMPS:131300; ORPHA:1328; Q78.3","USA_Estimate__c":null,"No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":3,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":0,"No_of_HHS_records__c":1,"World_Estimate__c":null,"No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":1,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":5,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":6,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":3,"Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0007542","Disease_Description__c":"Camurati-Englemann disease (CED) is a rare, clinically variable bone dysplasia syndrome characterized by hyperostosis of the long bones, skull, spine and pelvis, associated with severe pain in the extremities, a wide-based waddling gait, joint contractures, muscle weakness and easy fatigability. Camurati-Englemann disease (CED) is a rare, clinically variable bone dysplasia syndrome characterized by hyperostosis of the long bones, skull, spine and pelvis, associated with severe pain in the extremities, a wide-based waddling gait, joint contractures, muscle weakness and easy fatigability.","GARD_Name__c":"Diaphyseal dysplasia","GARD_Synonym__c":"camurati-engelmann disease; camurati-engelmann syndrome; camurati-englemann disease; diaphyseal sclerosis; engelman's disease; engelmann disease; engelmann syndrome; engelmann's disease; osteopathia hyperostotica multiplex infantis; progressive diaphyseal dysplasia","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0001072","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Camurati-Engelmann disease is a skeletal condition that is characterized by  abnormally thick bones (hyperostosis)  in the arms, legs, and skull. The thick limb bones can lead to bone pain and muscle weakness in the arms and legs and cause individuals with Camurati-Engelmann disease to tire quickly. Bone pain ranges from mild to severe and can increase with stress, activity, or cold weather. Leg weakness can make it difficult to stand up from a seated position and some affected individuals develop a waddling or unsteady walk. Additional limb abnormalities include joint deformities (contractures), knock knees, and flat feet (pes planus). Swelling and redness (erythema) of the limbs and an abnormal curvature of the spine can also occur. Individuals with Camurati-Engelmann disease may have an unusually thick skull, which can lead to an abnormally large head (macrocephaly) and lower jaw (mandible), a prominent forehead (frontal bossing), and bulging eyes with shallow eye sockets (ocular proptosis). These changes to the head and face become more prominent with age and are most noticeable in affected adults. In about a quarter of individuals with Camurati-Engelmann disease, the thickened skull increases pressure on the brain or compresses the spinal cord, which can cause a variety of neurological problems, including headaches, hearing loss, vision problems, dizziness (vertigo), ringing in the ears (tinnitus), and facial paralysis. The degree of hyperostosis varies among individuals with Camurati-Engelmann disease as does the age at which they experience their first symptoms. Other, rare features of Camurati-Engelmann disease include abnormally long limbs in proportion to height, a decrease in muscle mass and body fat, delayed teething (dentition), frequent cavities, delayed puberty, a shortage of red blood cells (anemia), an enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly), thinning of the skin, and excessively sweaty (hyperhidrotic) hands and feet.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":null,"Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"from Childhood to Adulthood","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:1328","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Entity","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0007542","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:1328","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Síndrome de camurati-engelmann","Spanish_Description_Source__c":"ORPHA:1328","Spanish_Description__c":"La enfermedad de Camurati-Engelmann (CED) es una displasia ósea rara y clínicamente variable que se caracteriza por hiperostosis de los huesos largos, el cráneo, la columna vertebral y la pelvis asociada a dolor intenso en las extremidades, marcha de pato con base de sustentación amplia, contracturas articulares, debilidad muscular y facilidad para fatigarse.","Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"síndrome de camurati-engelmann","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":null,"Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:93419","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Camurati-Engelmann disease is a skeletal condition that is characterized by  abnormally thick bones (hyperostosis)  in the arms, legs, and skull. The thick limb bones can lead to bone pain and muscle weakness in the arms and legs and cause individuals with Camurati-Engelmann disease to tire quickly. Bone pain ranges from mild to severe and can increase with stress, activity, or cold weather. Leg weakness can make it difficult to stand up from a seated position and some affected individuals develop a waddling or unsteady walk. Additional limb abnormalities include joint deformities (contractures), knock knees, and flat feet (pes planus). Swelling and redness (erythema) of the limbs and an abnormal curvature of the spine can also occur. Individuals with Camurati-Engelmann disease may have an unusually thick skull, which can lead to an abnormally large head (macrocephaly) and lower jaw (mandible), a prominent forehead (frontal bossing), and bulging eyes with shallow eye sockets (ocular proptosis). These changes to the head and face become more prominent with age and are most noticeable in affected adults. In about a quarter of individuals with Camurati-Engelmann disease, the thickened skull increases pressure on the brain or compresses the spinal cord, which can cause a variety of neurological problems, including headaches, hearing loss, vision problems, dizziness (vertigo), ringing in the ears (tinnitus), and facial paralysis. The degree of hyperostosis varies among individuals with Camurati-Engelmann disease as does the age at which they experience their first symptoms. Other, rare features of Camurati-Engelmann disease include abnormally long limbs in proportion to height, a decrease in muscle mass and body fat, delayed teething (dentition), frequent cavities, delayed puberty, a shortage of red blood cells (anemia), an enlarged liver and spleen (hepatosplenomegaly), thinning of the skin, and excessively sweaty (hyperhidrotic) hands and feet.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0001072","GARD_Synonym__c":"camurati-engelmann disease; camurati-engelmann syndrome; camurati-englemann disease; diaphyseal sclerosis; engelman's disease; engelmann disease; engelmann syndrome; engelmann's disease; osteopathia hyperostotica multiplex infantis; progressive diaphyseal dysplasia","Name":"Diaphyseal dysplasia","estimateUsa":""}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"European Reference Network on Bone Disorders","Website__c":"https://ernbond.eu/"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Genetics","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Genetic diseases affect the DNA, or genetic instructions, which directs how tissues, organs, and body systems function.","curated_tag_name":"Genetic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Congenital Abnormality","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category","category_description":"Birth defects are structural changes present at birth that can affect almost any part of the body, including how the body looks, works, or both.","curated_tag_name":"Birth defects"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Orthopedics","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pediatrics","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Childhood","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Adult","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Adolescent","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328"}],"Diagnosis__c":[{"Type__c":"GTR","Curie__c":"MEDGEN:C0011989"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://raresource.nih.gov/diseases/filter/0001072","Source__c":"RareSource"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1156","Source__c":"Gene Review","Xref__c":"NBK1156"},{"URL__c":"https://www.omim.org/entry/131300","Source__c":"C0011989; ORPHA:1328","Xref__c":"OMIM:131300"},{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/1328","Source__c":"C0011989; MONDO:0007542; ORPHA:1328","Xref__c":"ORPHA:1328"},{"URL__c":"https://evsexplore.semantics.cancer.gov/evsexplore/concept/ncit/C84610","Source__c":"C0011989; MONDO:0007542","Xref__c":"C84610"},{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0011989","Source__c":"C0011989","Xref__c":"C0011989"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=4268","Source__c":"C0011989","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:4268"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=318761000119105","Source__c":"MONDO:0007542","Xref__c":"318761000119105"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/doid/classes?obo_id=DOID%3A4997","Source__c":"MONDO:0007542","Xref__c":"DOID:4997"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q78.3","Source__c":"MONDO:0007542","Xref__c":"Q78.3"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0007542","Source__c":"GARD:0001072","Xref__c":"MONDO:0007542"},{"URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0100252","Source__c":"C0011989","Xref__c":"HP:0100252"},{"URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/camurati-engelmann-disease","Source__c":"GARD:0001072","Xref__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/camurati-engelmann-disease"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=34643004","Source__c":"C0011989","Xref__c":"34643004"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/C003966","Source__c":"C0011989","Xref__c":"D003966"},{"URL__c":"https://www.omim.org/phenotypicSeries/PS131300","Source__c":"MONDO:0007542","Xref__c":"OMIMPS:131300"}],"GARD_Disease_Gene__c":[{"GeneSymbol__c":"TGFB1","GHR_URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/tgfb1","Gene_Type__c":"protein-coding gene","Causal_Gene__c":true}],"Inheritance__c":["Autosomal dominant"],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Atrophy of the optic nerve. Optic atrophy results from the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve and manifesting as a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000648","HPO_Synonym__c":"Optic nerve atrophy; Optic-nerve degeneration","HPO_Name__c":"Optic atrophy","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of skeletal muscular atrophy (which is also known as amyotrophy).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003202","HPO_Synonym__c":"Amyotrophy; Amyotrophy involving the extremities; Muscle atrophy; Muscle atrophy, neurogenic; Muscle degeneration; Muscle hypotrophy; Muscle wasting; Muscular atrophy; Neurogenic muscle atrophy; Neurogenic muscle atrophy, especially in the lower limbs; Neurogenic muscular atrophy","HPO_Name__c":"Skeletal muscle atrophy","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Delayed tooth eruption, which can be defined as tooth eruption more than 2 SD beyond the mean eruption age.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000684","HPO_Synonym__c":"Delayed dental development; Delayed dental eruption; Delayed eruption; Delayed eruption of teeth; Delayed teeth eruption; Delayed tooth eruption; Eruption, delayed; Late eruption of teeth; Late tooth eruption","HPO_Name__c":"Delayed eruption of teeth","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Facial nerve palsy is a dysfunction of cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve) that results in inability to control facial muscles on the affected side with weakness of the muscles of facial expression and eye closure. This can either be present in unilateral or bilateral form.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0010628","HPO_Synonym__c":"Bell's palsy; Cranial nerve VII palsy; Facial nerve palsy; Facial nerve paralysis; Facial palsy, unilateral or bilateral; Seventh cranial nerve palsy; VII th cranial nerve palsy","HPO_Name__c":"Facial palsy","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A decreased functionality of the gonad.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000135","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased activity of gonads","HPO_Name__c":"Hypogonadism","Feature_System__c":"Endocrine System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A reduction in erythrocytes volume or hemoglobin concentration.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001903","HPO_Synonym__c":"Anaemia; Low number of red blood cells or hemoglobin","HPO_Name__c":"Anemia","Feature_System__c":"Blood and Blood-Forming Tissue","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to bone.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002653","HPO_Synonym__c":"Bone pain","HPO_Name__c":"Bone pain","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Any anomaly of the structure of the femur.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002823","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of femur morphology; Abnormality of the femora; Abnormality of the thighbone","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal femur morphology","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0007552","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal fat tissue distribution below the skin","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal subcutaneous fat tissue distribution","Feature_System__c":"Skin System; Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormal thickening of the cortex of the diaphyseal region of long bones.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0005791","HPO_Name__c":"Cortical thickening of long bone diaphyses","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Asthenic habitus refers to a slender build with long limbs, an angular profile, and prominent muscles or bones.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001533","HPO_Synonym__c":"Asthenic habitus; Slender build; Thin body habitus; Thin build","HPO_Name__c":"Slender build","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Weakness of the hip girdle and upper thigh muscles, for instance in myopathies, leads to an instability of the pelvis on standing and walking. If the muscles extending the hip joint are affected, the posture in that joint becomes flexed and lumbar lordosis increases. The patients usually have difficulties standing up from a sitting position. Due to weakness in the gluteus medius muscle, the hip on the side of the swinging leg drops with each step (referred to as Trendelenburg sign). The gait appears waddling. The patients frequently attempt to counteract the dropping of the hip on the swinging side by bending the trunk towards the side which is in the stance phase (in the German language literature this is referred to as Duchenne sign). Similar gait patterns can be caused by orthopedic conditions when the origin and the insertion site of the gluteus medius muscle are closer to each other than normal, for instance due to a posttraumatic elevation of the trochanter or pseudarthrosis of the femoral neck.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002515","HPO_Synonym__c":"Waddling gait; Waddling walk","HPO_Name__c":"Waddling gait","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormal decreased number of leukocytes in the blood.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001882","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased blood leukocyte number; Leukopenia; Low white blood cell count","HPO_Name__c":"Decreased total leukocyte count","Feature_System__c":"Immune System; Blood and Blood-Forming Tissue","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000365","HPO_Synonym__c":"Deafness; Hearing defect; Hearing impairment; Hypacusis","HPO_Name__c":"Hearing impairment","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Exaggerated anterior convexity of the thoracic vertebral column.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002808","HPO_Synonym__c":"Gibbus deformity; Hunched back; Hyperkyphosis; Round back","HPO_Name__c":"Kyphosis","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Passing the age when puberty normally occurs with no physical or hormonal signs of the onset of puberty.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000823","HPO_Synonym__c":"Delayed pubertal development; Delayed pubertal growth; Delayed puberty; Pubertal delay","HPO_Name__c":"Delayed puberty","Feature_System__c":"Endocrine System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormally increased density of craniofacial bone tissue.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0005464","HPO_Name__c":"Craniofacial osteosclerosis","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A foot where the longitudinal arch of the foot is in contact with the ground or floor when the individual is standing; or, in a patient lying supine, a foot where the arch is in contact with the surface of a flat board pressed against the sole of the foot by the examiner with a pressure similar to that expected from weight bearing; or, the height of the arch is reduced.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001763","HPO_Synonym__c":"Flat feet; Flat foot","HPO_Name__c":"Pes planus","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the skull, the bony framework of the head which is comprised of the neurocranium (with eight cranial bones) and the viscerocranium (facial skeleton) that comprises fourteen facial bones with the mandible as its largest bone.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000929","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of the skull","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal skull morphology","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Lack of desire to eat (loss of appetite).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002039","HPO_Synonym__c":"Anorexia; Deliberately not eating; Obsessive dieting; Refusing to eat","HPO_Name__c":"Anorexia","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Excessive growth or abnormal thickening of bone tissue.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0100774","HPO_Synonym__c":"Bone Hypertrophy; Bone overgrowth","HPO_Name__c":"Hyperostosis","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0007807","HPO_Name__c":"Optic nerve compression","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Any structural anomaly of the structure of the humerus (i.e., upper arm bone).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0031095","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of the humerus","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal humerus morphology","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Any structural anomaly of the ulna, a bone of the forearm the extends from the elbow to the little finger.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0040071","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal morphology of ulna","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The legs angle inward, such that the knees are close together and the ankles far apart.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002857","HPO_Synonym__c":"Genu valga; Genu valgus; Genua valga; Knee joint valgus deformity; Knock knees","HPO_Name__c":"Genu valgum","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormal morphology (form) of the face or its components.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001999","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal facial shape; Abnormal morphology of the face; Distinctive facies; Dysmorphic facial features; Dysmorphic facies; Facial dysmorphism; Unusual facial appearance; Unusual facies","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal facial shape","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A small/hypoplastic or absent/aplastic radius.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0006501","HPO_Synonym__c":"Absence or underdevelopment of the radius bone of the arm; Absent/small radius; Absent/underdeveloped radius; Radial aplasia/hypoplasia","HPO_Name__c":"Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the radius","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the bony pelvic girdle, which is a ring of bones connecting the vertebral column to the femurs.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002644","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal shape of pelvic girdle bone; Abnormality of pelvic girdle bone morphology","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal pelvic girdle bone morphology","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormally increased curvature (anterior concavity) of the lumbar or cervical spine.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003307","HPO_Synonym__c":"Lordosis; Prominent swayback","HPO_Name__c":"Hyperlordosis","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Peripheral neuropathy affecting the sensory nerves.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000763","HPO_Synonym__c":"Damage to nerves that sense feeling; Peripheral sensory neuropathy","HPO_Name__c":"Sensory neuropathy","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Inability to completely empty the urinary bladder during the process of urination.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000016","HPO_Synonym__c":"Increased post-void residual urine volume","HPO_Name__c":"Urinary retention","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is defined by the presence of increased ventricular wall thickness or mass in the absence of loading conditions (hypertension, valve disease) sufficient to cause the observed abnormality.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001639","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic; Enlarged and thickened heart muscle; HCM","HPO_Name__c":"Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Concentration of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase in the blood circulation above the upper limit of normal.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0012544","HPO_Synonym__c":"Elevated aldolase level","HPO_Name__c":"Elevated circulating aldolase concentration","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality in the sound (volume) or cadence (rate) of speech.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002167","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal speech; Abnormal vocalization; Abnormality of speech or vocalization","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal speech pattern","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormally increased size of the liver.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002240","HPO_Synonym__c":"Enlarged liver","HPO_Name__c":"Hepatomegaly","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Impaired feeding performance of an infant as manifested by difficulties such as weak and ineffective sucking, brief bursts of sucking, and falling asleep during sucking. There may be difficulties with chewing or maintaining attention.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0008872","HPO_Name__c":"Feeding difficulties in infancy","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the radius.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002818","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of the radius","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal morphology of the radius","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormality of the tibia (shinbone).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002992","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of the shankbone; Abnormality of the shinbone; Abnormality of tibia morphology","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal tibia morphology","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormal increased size of the spleen.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001744","HPO_Synonym__c":"Increased spleen size; Large spleen","HPO_Name__c":"Splenomegaly","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System; Immune System; Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A reduction in the freedom of movement of one or more joints.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001376","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased joint mobility; Decreased mobility of joints; Limitation of joint mobility; Limited joint mobility; Limited joint motion","HPO_Name__c":"Limitation of joint mobility","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Bilateral bulging of the lateral frontal bone prominences with relative sparing of the midline.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002007","HPO_Synonym__c":"Frontal protuberance; Skull bossing","HPO_Name__c":"Frontal bossing","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Glaucoma refers loss of retinal ganglion cells in a characteristic pattern of optic neuropathy usually associated with increased intraocular pressure.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000501","HPO_Name__c":"Glaucoma","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Any abnormality of the vertebral column.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000925","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal spine; Abnormal vertebral column; Abnormality of the spine; Abnormality of the vertebral column","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormality of the vertebral column","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002650","HPO_Name__c":"Scoliosis","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the structure or form of the diaphysis, i.e., of the main or mid-section (shaft) of a long bone.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000940","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal shape of shaft of long bone; Abnormality involving the diaphyses of the limbs; Abnormality of shaft of long bone of the limbs; Abnormality of the diaphyses; Anomaly of the limb diaphyses; Anomaly of the limb diaphyses morphology","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal diaphysis morphology","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). The ESR is a test that measures the distance that erythrocytes have fallen after one hour in a vertical column of anticoagulated blood under the influence of gravity. The ESR is a nonspecific finding. An elevation may indicate inflammation or may be caused by any condition that elevates fibrinogen.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003565","HPO_Synonym__c":"Elevated ESR; Elevated sedimentation rate; High erythrocyte sedimentation rate; High ESR; Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate; Raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate","HPO_Name__c":"Elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An eye that is protruding anterior to the plane of the face to a greater extent than is typical.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000520","HPO_Synonym__c":"Anterior bulging of the globe; Anterior bulging of the globe of eye; Bulging eye; Exophthalmos; Eyeballs bulging out; Ocular proptosis; Prominent eyes; Prominent globes; Protruding eyes; Protrusio bulbi","HPO_Name__c":"Proptosis","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Ataxia refers to impaired coordination of voluntary muscle movement. Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001251","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cerebellar ataxia","HPO_Name__c":"Ataxia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A general term describing features characterized by abnormal development of bones and connective tissues.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002652","HPO_Name__c":"Skeletal dysplasia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of dysplastic regions in metaphyseal regions.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0100255","HPO_Name__c":"Metaphyseal dysplasia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Caries is a multifactorial bacterial infection affecting the structure of the tooth. This term has been used to describe the presence of more than expected dental caries.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000670","HPO_Synonym__c":"Caries; Cariosity of teeth; Dental caries; Dental cavities; Early dental caries; Frequent caries; Tooth cavities; Tooth decay","HPO_Name__c":"Carious teeth","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Reduced strength of muscles.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001324","HPO_Synonym__c":"Muscle weakness; Muscular weakness","HPO_Name__c":"Muscle weakness","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Coxa valga is a deformity of the hip in which the angle between the femoral shaft and the femoral neck is increased compared to age-adjusted values (about 150 degrees in newborns gradually reducing to 120-130 degrees in adults).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002673","HPO_Synonym__c":"Valgus hip","HPO_Name__c":"Coxa valga","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1328","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Severe weight loss, wasting of muscle, loss of appetite, and general debility related to a chronic disease.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0004326","HPO_Synonym__c":"Wasting syndrome","HPO_Name__c":"Cachexia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}}],"tags":{"Cause":["Genetics"],"Disease Category":["Genetics","Congenital Abnormality"],"Specialist":["Genetics","Orthopedics","Pediatrics"]},"synonyms":["camurati-engelmann disease"," camurati-engelmann syndrome"," camurati-englemann disease"," diaphyseal sclerosis"," engelman's disease"," engelmann disease"," engelmann syndrome"," engelmann's disease"," osteopathia hyperostotica multiplex infantis"," progressive diaphyseal dysplasia"]}