{"Name":"Ring chromosome 2","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0010837","id":10837,"encodedName":"ring-chromosome-2","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Ring chromosome 2","Xref_IDs__c":"765485000; C121981; C4707448; MEDGEN:1642621; MONDO:0019903; ORPHA:96171","USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":2,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":0,"No_of_HHS_records__c":0,"World_Estimate__c":"1 to 8,000","No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":0,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":3,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":7,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":3,"Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0019903","Disease_Description__c":"Ring chromosome 2 syndrome is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome with highly variable phenotype principally characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, failure to thrive, developmental delay, hypotonia, mild dysmorphic features (incl. microcephaly, short forehead, upslanting palpebral fissures, hypertelorism, epicanthal folds, wide nasal bridge, broad nasal tip, long philtrum, thin upper lip, micrognathia, short neck), skeletal anomalies (e.g. kyphosis, brachydactyly, clinodactyly, talipes equinovarus) and dermatological features (i.e. café-au-lait spots). Patients may also present ventriculoseptal defects and genital abnormalities (e.g. genital hypoplasia, phimosis, cryptorchidism).","GARD_Name__c":"Ring chromosome 2","GARD_Synonym__c":"ring 2; ring chromosome 2 syndrome; ring chromosome type 2; rose cluster 2","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0010837","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Ring chromosome 2 is a very rare chromosome abnormality in which the ends of chromosome 2 join together to form a ring shape. The severity and symptoms associated with Ring chromosome 2 vary from person to person. Slow growth, short stature and a small head size are common features, but people with Ring chromosome 2 may otherwise be generally healthy with no major birth defects. Signs and symptoms present in some people may include failure to thrive, developmental delay, low muscle tone (hypotonia), distinctive facial features, skeletal abnormalities, and/or other birth defects involving the heart, genitals, or other parts of the body. Ring chromosome 2 typically is not inherited and occurs sporadically, during the formation of egg or sperm cells or shortly after the egg and sperm join together.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"during Pregnancy, at Birth, and as an Infant","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:96171","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Entity","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0019903","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:96171","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Síndrome del cromosoma 2 en anillo","Spanish_Description_Source__c":"ORPHA:96171","Spanish_Description__c":"Es un síndrome de anomalías cromosómicas poco frecuente con un fenotipo altamente variable caracterizado principalmente por retraso en el crecimiento intrauterino, retraso en el desarrollo, fallo de medro, hipotonía, características dismórficas leves (incluyendo microcefalia, frente corta, fisuras palpebrales ascendentes, hipertelorismo, pliegues epicánticos, puente y punta nasal anchos, filtrum largo, labio superior delgado, micrognatia, cuello corto), anomalías esqueléticas (p. ej., cifosis, braquidactilia, clinodactilia, talipes equinovarus) y características dermatológicas (p. ej., manchas café con leche). Los pacientes también pueden presentar defectos ventriculoseptales y anomalías genitales (p. ej., hipoplasia genital, fimosis, criptorquidia).","Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"síndrome del cromosoma 2 en anillo","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":"anillo 2; cromosoma 2 en anillo","Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:93890","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Ring chromosome 2 is a very rare chromosome abnormality in which the ends of chromosome 2 join together to form a ring shape. The severity and symptoms associated with Ring chromosome 2 vary from person to person. Slow growth, short stature and a small head size are common features, but people with Ring chromosome 2 may otherwise be generally healthy with no major birth defects. Signs and symptoms present in some people may include failure to thrive, developmental delay, low muscle tone (hypotonia), distinctive facial features, skeletal abnormalities, and/or other birth defects involving the heart, genitals, or other parts of the body. Ring chromosome 2 typically is not inherited and occurs sporadically, during the formation of egg or sperm cells or shortly after the egg and sperm join together.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0010837","GARD_Synonym__c":"ring 2; ring chromosome 2 syndrome; ring chromosome type 2; rose cluster 2","Name":"Ring chromosome 2","Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","estimateUsa":"1,000"}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"Chromosome Disorder Outreach","Website__c":"https://chromodisorder.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Unique","Website__c":"https://rarechromo.org/"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Chromosomal Anomaly","Tag_Category__c":"Account;Cause","curated_tag_name":"Chromosome disorders"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Genetics","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Genetic diseases affect the DNA, or genetic instructions, which directs how tissues, organs, and body systems function.","curated_tag_name":"Genetic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Congenital Abnormality","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category","category_description":"Birth defects are structural changes present at birth that can affect almost any part of the body, including how the body looks, works, or both.","curated_tag_name":"Birth defects"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pediatrics","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Infancy","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Antenatal","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Neonatal","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C4707448","Source__c":"C4707448","Xref__c":"C4707448"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=1642621","Source__c":"C4707448","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:1642621"},{"URL__c":"https://evsexplore.semantics.cancer.gov/evsexplore/concept/ncit/C121981","Source__c":"MONDO:0019903","Xref__c":"C121981"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=765485000","Source__c":"C4707448; MONDO:0019903","Xref__c":"765485000"},{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/96171","Source__c":"C4707448; MONDO:0019903; ORPHA:96171","Xref__c":"ORPHA:96171"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0019903","Source__c":"GARD:0010837","Xref__c":"MONDO:0019903"}],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Increased breadth of the nasal bridge (and with it, the nasal root).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000431","HPO_Synonym__c":"Broad nasal bridge; Broad nasal root; Broadened nasal bridge; Increased breadth of bridge of nose; Increased breadth of nasal bridge; Increased width of bridge of nose; Increased width of nasal bridge; Nasal bridge broad; Nasal bridge, wide; Wide bridge of nose; Wide nasal bridge; Widened nasal bridge","HPO_Name__c":"Wide nasal bridge","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and sex.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000252","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormally small cranium; Abnormally small skull; Decreased circumference of cranium; Decreased size of cranium; Decreased size of skull; Reduced head circumference; small cranium; Small head circumference","HPO_Name__c":"Microcephaly","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Diminished amniotic fluid volume in pregnancy.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001562","HPO_Synonym__c":"Low levels of amniotic fluid; Maternal oligohydramnios","HPO_Name__c":"Oligohydramnios","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"In utero, the ductus arteriosus (DA) serves to divert ventricular output away from the lungs and toward the placenta by connecting the main pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the first 3 days of life is a physiologic shunt in healthy term and preterm newborn infants, and normally is substantially closed within about 24 hours after bith and completely closed after about three weeks. Failure of physiologcal closure is referred to a persistent or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Depending on the degree of left-to-right shunting, PDA can have clinical consequences.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001643","HPO_Synonym__c":"Ductus arteriosus; Patent ductus Botalli; PDA; Persistent arterial duct; Persistent ductus arteriosus","HPO_Name__c":"Patent ductus arteriosus","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Slow or limited growth after birth.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0008897","HPO_Synonym__c":"Growth delay as children; Growth retardation as children; Postnatal growth deceleration; Postnatal growth deficiency; Postnatal growth failure","HPO_Name__c":"Postnatal growth retardation","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Interpupillary distance more than 2 SD above the mean (alternatively, the appearance of an increased interpupillary distance or widely spaced eyes).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000316","HPO_Synonym__c":"Excessive orbital separation; Increased distance between eye sockets; Increased distance between eyes; Increased interpupillary distance; Ocular hypertelorism; Wide-set eyes; Widely spaced eyes; Widened interpupillary distance","HPO_Name__c":"Hypertelorism","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Diminished length of the neck.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000470","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased length of neck; Short neck","HPO_Name__c":"Short neck","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Persistent deficits in social interaction and communication and interaction as well as a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest as well as repetitive patterns of behavior.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000729","HPO_Synonym__c":"ASD; Pervasive developmental disorder","HPO_Name__c":"Autistic behavior","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Digits that appear disproportionately short compared to the hand/foot. The word brachydactyly is used here to describe a series distinct patterns of shortened digits (brachydactyly types A-E). This is the sense used here.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001156","HPO_Synonym__c":"Brachydactyly syndrome; Short fingers or toes","HPO_Name__c":"Brachydactyly","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Width of the forehead or distance between the frontotemporales is more than two standard deviations below the mean (objective); or apparently narrow intertemporal region (subjective).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000341","HPO_Synonym__c":"Bitemporal narrowing; Bitemporal narrowness; Bitemporal skull narrowing; Decreased width of the forehead; Intertemporal narrowing; Narrow bitemporal diameter; Narrow bitemporal width; Narrow forehead; Temporal narrowness","HPO_Name__c":"Narrow forehead","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the skeleton of foot.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001760","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal feet structure; Abnormality of the feet; Abnormality of the foot; Foot deformities; Foot deformity","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal foot morphology","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Increased height of the central portion of the eyebrow, forming a crescent, semicircular, or inverted U shape.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002553","HPO_Synonym__c":"Arched eyebrows; Broad, arched eyebrows; High, rounded eyebrows; High-arched eyebrows; Highly arched eyebrow; Thick, flared eyebrows","HPO_Name__c":"Highly arched eyebrow","Feature_System__c":"Skin System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An anomaly of the intra-atrial or intraventricular septum.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001671","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of the cardiac septa; Heart septal defect; Septal defects","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal cardiac septum morphology","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Upper insertion of the ear to the scalp below an imaginary horizontal line drawn between the inner canthi of the eye and extending posteriorly to the ear.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000369","HPO_Synonym__c":"Low set ears; Low-set ears; Low-set pinnae; Lowset ears; Melotia","HPO_Name__c":"Low-set ears","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Testis in inguinal canal. That is, absence of one or both testes from the scrotum owing to failure of the testis or testes to descend through the inguinal canal to the scrotum.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000028","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cryptorchism; Undescended testes; Undescended testis","HPO_Name__c":"Cryptorchidism","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002650","HPO_Name__c":"Scoliosis","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormal restriction of fetal growth with fetal weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001511","HPO_Synonym__c":"Fetal growth restriction; FGR; In utero growth retardation; Intrauterine growth failure; Intrauterine growth restriction; Intrauterine growth retardation, IUGR; Intrauterine retardation; IUGR; Prenatal growth deficiency; Prenatal growth failure; Prenatal growth retardation; Prenatal onset growth retardation; Prenatal-onset growth retardation; Small for gestational age infant","HPO_Name__c":"Intrauterine growth retardation","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The capability that a joint (or a group of joints) has to move, passively and/or actively, beyond normal limits along physiological axes.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001382","HPO_Synonym__c":"Double-Jointed; Extensible joints; Flexible joints; Hyperextensible joints; Increased joint mobility; Increased mobility of joints; Joint hyperextensibility; Joint hyperflexibility; Joint hyperlaxity; Joint laxity; Joints move beyond expected range of motion; Lax joints; Loose-jointedness","HPO_Name__c":"Joint hypermobility","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Cafe-au-lait spots are hyperpigmented lesions that can vary in color from light brown to dark brown with smooth borders and having a size of 1.5 cm or more in adults and 0.5 cm or more in children.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000957","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cafe au lait spots; Cafe-au-lait macule; Cafe-au-lait macules","HPO_Name__c":"Cafe-au-lait spot","Feature_System__c":"Skin System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Impaired feeding performance of an infant as manifested by difficulties such as weak and ineffective sucking, brief bursts of sucking, and falling asleep during sucking. There may be difficulties with chewing or maintaining attention.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0008872","HPO_Name__c":"Feeding difficulties in infancy","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001263","HPO_Synonym__c":"Delayed cognitive development; Delayed development; Delayed developmental milestones; Delayed intellectual development; Delayed milestones; Delayed psychomotor development; Developmental delay; Developmental delay in early childhood; Developmental delay, global; Developmental retardation; GDD; Lack of psychomotor development; Motor and developmental delay; Motormental retardation; Psychomotor delay; Psychomotor development deficiency; Psychomotor development failure; Psychomotor developmental delay; Retarded development; Retarded mental development; Retarded psychomotor development","HPO_Name__c":"Global developmental delay","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A fold of skin starting above the medial aspect of the upper eyelid and arching downward to cover, pass in front of and lateral to the medial canthus.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000286","HPO_Synonym__c":"Epicanthal fold; Epicanthal folds; Epicanthic folds; Eye folds; Palpebronasal fold; Plica palpebronasalis; Prominent eye folds","HPO_Name__c":"Epicanthus","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000343","HPO_Synonym__c":"Elongated philtrum; Increased height of philtrum; Increased length of philtrum; Increased vertical dimension of philtrum; Vertical hyperplasia of philtrum","HPO_Name__c":"Long philtrum","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Clinodactyly refers to a bending or curvature of the fifth finger in the radial direction (i.e., towards the 4th finger).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0004209","HPO_Synonym__c":"Bilateral fifth digit clinodactyly; Bilateral fifth finger clinodactyly; Clinodactyly of fifth digit; Clinodactyly of the little finger; Fifth finger clinodactyly; Permanent curving of the pinkie finger","HPO_Name__c":"Clinodactyly of the 5th finger","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:96171","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000347","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased size of lower jaw; Decreased size of mandible; Hypoplasia of lower jaw; Hypoplasia of mandible; Hypoplastic mandible; Hypoplastic mandible condyle; Hypotrophic lower jaw; Hypotrophic mandible; Little lower jaw; Little mandible; Lower jaw deficiency; Lower jaw hypoplasia; Mandibular deficiency; Mandibular hypoplasia; Mandibular micrognathia; Micrognathia of lower jaw; Micromandible; Robin mandible; Severe hypoplasia of mandible; Small jaw; Small lower jaw; Small mandible; Underdevelopment of lower jaw; Underdevelopment of mandible","HPO_Name__c":"Micrognathia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}}],"tags":{"Account":["Chromosomal Anomaly"],"Cause":["Chromosomal Anomaly","Genetics"],"Disease Category":["Genetics","Congenital Abnormality"],"Specialist":["Genetics","Pediatrics"]},"synonyms":["ring 2"," ring chromosome 2 syndrome"," ring chromosome type 2"," rose cluster 2"]}