{"Name":"Alternating hemiplegia of childhood","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0000011","id":11,"encodedName":"alternating-hemiplegia-of-childhood","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Alternating hemiplegia of childhood","Xref_IDs__c":"230466004; C0338488; C35261; C536589; DOID:0050635; MEDGEN:90925; MONDO:0016241; OMIMPS:104290; ORPHA:2131","USA_Estimate__c":"5,000","No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":4,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":0,"No_of_HHS_records__c":1,"World_Estimate__c":"8,000 to 80,000","No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":1,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":5,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":7,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":2,"Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0016241","Disease_Description__c":"A rare, genetic, neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by early-onset of recurrent, transient episodes of hemiplegia (including quadriplegia), which typically disappear upon sleep.","GARD_Name__c":"Alternating hemiplegia of childhood","GARD_Synonym__c":"adrenal hypoplasia congenita; ahc; alternating hemiplegia syndrome; childhood alternating hemiplegia; congenital adrenal gland hypoplasia; congenital adrenal hypoplasia; paediatric alternating hemiplegia; pediatric alternating hemiplegia","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0000011","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Alternating hemiplegia of childhood is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of temporary paralysis, often affecting one side of the body (hemiplegia). During some episodes, the paralysis alternates from one side of the body to the other or affects both sides at the same time. These episodes begin in infancy or early childhood, usually before 18 months of age, and the paralysis lasts from minutes to days. In addition to paralysis, affected individuals can have sudden attacks of uncontrollable muscle activity; these can cause involuntary limb movements (choreoathetosis), muscle tensing (dystonia), movement of the eyes (nystagmus), or shortness of breath (dyspnea). People with alternating hemiplegia of childhood may also experience sudden redness and warmth (flushing) or unusual paleness (pallor) of the skin. These attacks can occur during or separately from episodes of hemiplegia. The episodes of hemiplegia or uncontrolled movements can be triggered by certain factors, such as stress, extreme tiredness, cold temperatures, or bathing, although the trigger is not always known. A characteristic feature of alternating hemiplegia of childhood is that all symptoms disappear while the affected person is sleeping but can reappear shortly after awakening. The number and length of the episodes initially worsen throughout childhood but then begin to decrease over time. The uncontrollable muscle movements may disappear entirely, but the episodes of hemiplegia occur throughout life. Alternating hemiplegia of childhood also causes mild to severe cognitive problems. Almost all affected individuals have some level of developmental delay and intellectual disability. Their cognitive functioning typically declines over time.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"5,000","Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"as a Newborn and as an Infant","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:2131","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Grouping","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0016241","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:2131","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Hemiplejía alternante de la infancia","Spanish_Description_Source__c":"ORPHA:2131","Spanish_Description__c":"Es un trastorno genético y poco frecuente del neurodesarrollo caracterizado por un inicio temprano de episodios recurrentes y transitorios de hemiplejía (incluyendo tetraplejia) que por lo general desaparecen durante el sueño.","Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"hemiplejía alternante de la infancia","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":null,"Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:98006","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Alternating hemiplegia of childhood is a neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of temporary paralysis, often affecting one side of the body (hemiplegia). During some episodes, the paralysis alternates from one side of the body to the other or affects both sides at the same time. These episodes begin in infancy or early childhood, usually before 18 months of age, and the paralysis lasts from minutes to days. In addition to paralysis, affected individuals can have sudden attacks of uncontrollable muscle activity; these can cause involuntary limb movements (choreoathetosis), muscle tensing (dystonia), movement of the eyes (nystagmus), or shortness of breath (dyspnea). People with alternating hemiplegia of childhood may also experience sudden redness and warmth (flushing) or unusual paleness (pallor) of the skin. These attacks can occur during or separately from episodes of hemiplegia. The episodes of hemiplegia or uncontrolled movements can be triggered by certain factors, such as stress, extreme tiredness, cold temperatures, or bathing, although the trigger is not always known. A characteristic feature of alternating hemiplegia of childhood is that all symptoms disappear while the affected person is sleeping but can reappear shortly after awakening. The number and length of the episodes initially worsen throughout childhood but then begin to decrease over time. The uncontrollable muscle movements may disappear entirely, but the episodes of hemiplegia occur throughout life. Alternating hemiplegia of childhood also causes mild to severe cognitive problems. Almost all affected individuals have some level of developmental delay and intellectual disability. Their cognitive functioning typically declines over time.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0000011","GARD_Synonym__c":"adrenal hypoplasia congenita; ahc; alternating hemiplegia syndrome; childhood alternating hemiplegia; congenital adrenal gland hypoplasia; congenital adrenal hypoplasia; paediatric alternating hemiplegia; pediatric alternating hemiplegia","Name":"Alternating hemiplegia of childhood","Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"5,000","estimateUsa":"5,000"}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"Childhood Dementia Initiative","Website__c":"https://www.childhooddementia.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Alternating Hemiplegia of Childhood Foundation (AHCF)","Website__c":"https://ahckids.org/"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Genetics","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Genetic diseases affect the DNA, or genetic instructions, which directs how tissues, organs, and body systems function.","curated_tag_name":"Genetic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neurology","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Neurological diseases affect the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, autonomic nerves, or other peripheral nerves.","curated_tag_name":"Neurological diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neurodevelopmental disabilities","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist","curated_tag_name":"Neurodevelopmental disabilities"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pediatrics","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Infancy","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Neonatal","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131"}],"Diagnosis__c":[{"Type__c":"GTR","Curie__c":"MEDGEN:C0338488"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://raresource.nih.gov/diseases/filter/0000011","Source__c":"RareSource"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1115","Source__c":"Gene Review","Xref__c":"NBK1115"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=230466004","Source__c":"C0338488; MONDO:0016241","Xref__c":"230466004"},{"URL__c":"https://evsexplore.semantics.cancer.gov/evsexplore/concept/ncit/C35261","Source__c":"MONDO:0016241","Xref__c":"C35261"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/C536589","Source__c":"MONDO:0016241","Xref__c":"C536589"},{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0338488","Source__c":"C0338488","Xref__c":"C0338488"},{"URL__c":"https://www.omim.org/phenotypicSeries/PS104290","Source__c":"MONDO:0016241","Xref__c":"OMIMPS:104290"},{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/2131","Source__c":"C0338488; MONDO:0016241; ORPHA:2131","Xref__c":"ORPHA:2131"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=90925","Source__c":"C0338488","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:90925"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/doid/classes?obo_id=DOID%3A0050635","Source__c":"MONDO:0016241","Xref__c":"DOID:0050635"},{"URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alternating-hemiplegia-of-childhood","Source__c":"GARD:0000011","Xref__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/alternating-hemiplegia-of-childhood"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016241","Source__c":"GARD:0000011","Xref__c":"MONDO:0016241"}],"GARD_Disease_Gene__c":[{"GeneSymbol__c":"ATP1A2","GHR_URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/atp1a2","Gene_Type__c":"protein-coding gene","Causal_Gene__c":true},{"GeneSymbol__c":"ATP1A3","GHR_URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/atp1a3","Gene_Type__c":"protein-coding gene","Causal_Gene__c":true},{"GeneSymbol__c":"MT-TL2","Gene_Type__c":"non-coding RNA","Causal_Gene__c":true},{"GeneSymbol__c":"SCN2A","GHR_URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/scn2a","Gene_Type__c":"protein-coding gene","Causal_Gene__c":true},{"GeneSymbol__c":"SLC2A1","GHR_URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/slc2a1","Gene_Type__c":"protein-coding gene","Causal_Gene__c":true},{"GeneSymbol__c":"RHOBTB2","Gene_Type__c":"protein-coding gene","Causal_Gene__c":true}],"Inheritance__c":["Autosomal dominant"],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Transient episodes of weakness of the arm, leg, and in some cases the face on one side of the body.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0012194","HPO_Name__c":"Episodic hemiplegia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Ocular flutter is an abnormal eye movement consisting of repetitive, irregular, involuntary bursts of horizontal saccades without an intersaccadic interval. It is generally superimposed on normal oculomotor behavior and its occurrence may be favored by various events, such as blinks, the triggering of normal saccades or optokinetic stimulation.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0031931","HPO_Name__c":"Ocular flutter","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Status epilepticus is a type of prolonged seizure resulting either from the failure of the mechanisms responsible for seizure termination or from the initiation of mechanisms which lead to abnormally prolonged seizures (after time point t1). It is a condition that can have long-term consequences (after time point t2), including neuronal death, neuronal injury, and alteration of neuronal networks, depending on the type and duration of seizures.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002133","HPO_Synonym__c":"Prolonged seizure; Repeated seizure without recovery; Repeated seizures without recovery between them","HPO_Name__c":"Status epilepticus","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Anomalous movements of the eyes that occur without the subject wanting them to happen.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0012547","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal involuntary eye movements","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000750","HPO_Synonym__c":"Deficiency of speech development; Delayed language development; Delayed speech; Delayed speech acquisition; Delayed speech and language development; Delayed speech development; Impaired speech and language development; Impaired speech development; Language delay; Language delayed; Language development deficit; Late-onset speech development; Poor language development; Speech and language delay; Speech and language difficulties; Speech delay","HPO_Name__c":"Delayed speech and language development","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002344","HPO_Synonym__c":"Neurologic deterioration; Neurologic deterioration, progressive; Progressive mental deterioration; Progressive neurodegeneration; Worsening neurological symptoms","HPO_Name__c":"Progressive neurologic deterioration","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Lack of breathing with no movement of the respiratory muscles and no exchange of air in the lungs. This term refers to a disposition to have recurrent episodes of apnea rather than to a single event.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002104","HPO_Synonym__c":"Absence of spontaneous respiration; Apneic episodes; Apnoea","HPO_Name__c":"Apnea","Feature_System__c":"Respiratory system","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Lack of desire to eat (loss of appetite).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002039","HPO_Synonym__c":"Anorexia; Deliberately not eating; Obsessive dieting; Refusing to eat","HPO_Name__c":"Anorexia","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Reduced muscle tone of a muscle that is innervated by the facial nerve (the seventh cranial nerve).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000297","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased facial muscle tone; Hypotonic facies; Low facial muscle tone; Reduced facial muscle tone","HPO_Name__c":"Facial hypotonia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A myocardial disorder in which the heart muscle is structurally and functionally abnormal, in the absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular disease and congenital heart disease sufficient to cause the observed myocardial abnormality.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001638","HPO_Synonym__c":"Disease of the heart muscle","HPO_Name__c":"Cardiomyopathy","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0011024","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract; Abnormality of the GI tract","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Behavior or an act aimed at harming a person, animal, or physical property (e.g., acts of physical violence; shouting, swearing, and using harsh language; slashing someone's tires).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000718","HPO_Synonym__c":"Aggression; Aggressive behavior; Aggressiveness","HPO_Name__c":"Aggressive behavior","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Excluded (0%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormality observed by electroencephalogram (EEG), which is used to record of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002353","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal EEG; Abnormal electroencephalogram; EEG abnormalities; Electroencephalogram abnormal; Electroencephalogram abnormalities","HPO_Name__c":"EEG abnormality","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Procedure_EEG"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001250","HPO_Synonym__c":"Epileptic seizure; Seizures","HPO_Name__c":"Seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000639","HPO_Synonym__c":"Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic eye movements","HPO_Name__c":"Nystagmus","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormally pale skin.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000980","HPO_Name__c":"Pallor","Feature_System__c":"Skin System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Forceful ejection of the contents of the stomach through the mouth by means of a series of involuntary spasmic contractions.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002013","HPO_Synonym__c":"Emesis; Throwing up; Vomiting","HPO_Name__c":"Vomiting","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"More pronounced paramedian peaks and median notch of the Cupid's bow.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002263","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cupid bow upper lip; Cupid's bow, accentuated; Cupid-bow shaped upper lip; Exaggerated cupid's bow; Prominent cupid-bow of upper lip","HPO_Name__c":"Exaggerated cupid's bow","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Excluded (0%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An anomaly of metabolism or structure of the brain identified by imaging.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0410263","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal brain imaging","HPO_Name__c":"Brain imaging abnormality","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from muscle spasticity.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002063","HPO_Synonym__c":"Muscle rigidity; Rigidity","HPO_Name__c":"Rigidity","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Recurrent episodes of redness of the skin together with a sensation of warmth or burning of the affected areas of skin.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0031284","HPO_Name__c":"Flushing","Feature_System__c":"Skin System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Chorea (Greek for 'dance') refers to widespread arrhythmic involuntary movements of a forcible, jerky and restless fashion. It is a random-appearing sequence of one or more discrete involuntary movements or movement fragments. Movements appear random because of variability in timing, duration or location. Each movement may have a distinct start and end. However, movements may be strung together and thus may appear to flow randomly from one muscle group to another. Chorea can involve the trunk, neck, face, tongue, and extremities.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002072","HPO_Synonym__c":"Choreic movements; Choreiform movements","HPO_Name__c":"Chorea","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Episodic bouts of involuntary movements with dystonic, choreic, ballistic movements, or a combination thereof. There is no loss of consciousness during the attacks.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0007166","HPO_Name__c":"Paroxysmal dyskinesia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Decreased diameter of eyebrow hairs.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0045074","HPO_Synonym__c":"Thin eyebrow; Thin eyebrows","HPO_Name__c":"Thin eyebrow","Feature_System__c":"Skin System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Unstable emotional experiences and frequent mood changes; emotions that are easily aroused, intense, and/or disproportionate to events and circumstances.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000712","HPO_Name__c":"Emotional lability","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A morphological abnormality of the mouth in which the angle of the mouth is downturned. The oral commissures are positioned inferior to the midline labial fissure.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002714","HPO_Synonym__c":"Downturned corners of mouth; Downturned corners of the mouth; Downturned mouth; Downturned oral commisures","HPO_Name__c":"Downturned corners of mouth","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001944","HPO_Synonym__c":"Dehydration; Exsiccosis","HPO_Name__c":"Dehydration","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Involuntary movements characterized by both athetosis (inability to sustain muscles in a fixed position) and chorea (widespread jerky arrhythmic movements).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001266","HPO_Synonym__c":"Choreoathetoid movements","HPO_Name__c":"Choreoathetosis","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001260","HPO_Synonym__c":"Difficulty articulating speech; Dysarthric speech","HPO_Name__c":"Dysarthria","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Absence of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001284","HPO_Synonym__c":"Absent deep tendon reflexes; Absent tendon reflexes; Deep tendon reflexes absent; Loss of deep tendon reflexes; Lost deep tendon reflexes","HPO_Name__c":"Areflexia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Acting on the spur of the moment or on a momentary basis without consideration of outcomes; having difficulty establishing or following plans; experiencing a sense of urgency and engaging in behavior that is uninhibited, cannot be inhibited, and is uncontrolled. The possibility of repression is inconceivable.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0100710","HPO_Synonym__c":"Impulsive; Impulsivity","HPO_Name__c":"Impulsivity","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A bilateral tonic-clonic seizure is a seizure defined by a tonic (bilateral increased tone, lasting seconds to minutes) and then a clonic (bilateral sustained rhythmic jerking) phase.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002069","HPO_Synonym__c":"Bilateral convulsive seizures; Generalised tonic-clonic seizure (without specification of onset); Generalized convulsion; Generalized tonic-clonic seizure (without specification of onset); Grand mal; Grand mal seizures; Seizures, tonic-clonic; Tonic-clonic convulsion; Tonic-clonic convulsions","HPO_Name__c":"Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormally increased muscular tone that causes fixed abnormal postures. There is a slow, intermittent twisting motion that leads to exaggerated turning and posture of the extremities and trunk.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001332","HPO_Synonym__c":"Dystonic movements","HPO_Name__c":"Dystonia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Any anomaly of the progression of electrical impulses through the heart.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0031546","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of cardiac conduction; Abnormality of cardiac conduction system; Cardiac conduction abnormalities; Cardiac conduction defects; Heart conduction disorder","HPO_Name__c":"Cardiac conduction abnormality","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) refers to delays in the maturation of the brain and central nervous system; infants and young children with NDD may experience delays in the development of one or more skills including gross motor abilities, fine-motor coordination, language abilities and ability to solve increasingly complex problems.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0012758","HPO_Synonym__c":"NDD","HPO_Name__c":"Neurodevelopmental delay","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormal dilatation of the iris.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0011499","HPO_Synonym__c":"Dilated pupil","HPO_Name__c":"Mydriasis","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement about a joint axis.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001337","HPO_Synonym__c":"Tremor; Tremors","HPO_Name__c":"Tremor","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0200136","HPO_Synonym__c":"Oral pharyngeal dysphagia; Oropharyngeal dysphagia","HPO_Name__c":"Oral-pharyngeal dysphagia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001252","HPO_Synonym__c":"Low muscle tone; Low or weak muscle tone; Muscle hypotonia; Muscular hypotonia","HPO_Name__c":"Hypotonia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormally increased height of the forehead.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000348","HPO_Synonym__c":"High forehead","HPO_Name__c":"High forehead","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Weakness of all four limbs.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002273","HPO_Synonym__c":"Quadriparesis","HPO_Name__c":"Tetraparesis","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormal excessive perspiration (sweating) despite the lack of appropriate stimuli like hot and humid weather.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000975","HPO_Synonym__c":"Diaphoresis; Excessive sweating; Increased sweating; Profuse sweating; Sweating; Sweating profusely; Sweating, increased","HPO_Name__c":"Hyperhidrosis","Feature_System__c":"Skin System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001508","HPO_Synonym__c":"Faltering weight; FTT; Postnatal failure to thrive; Weight faltering","HPO_Name__c":"Failure to thrive","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormal intestinal contractions, such as spasms and intestinal paralysis, related to the loss of the ability of the gut to coordinate muscular activity because of endogenous or exogenous causes.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002579","HPO_Synonym__c":"GI dysmotility","HPO_Name__c":"Gastrointestinal dysmotility","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Ocular motor apraxia is a deficiency in voluntary, horizontal, lateral, fast eye movements (saccades) with retention of slow pursuit movements. The inability to follow objects visually is often compensated by head movements. There may be decreased smooth pursuit, and cancelation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000657","HPO_Synonym__c":"Ocular motor apraxia","HPO_Name__c":"Oculomotor apraxia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The term intellectual disability or intellectual developmental disorder is used to describe significantly sub-average intellectual and adaptive functioning based on clinical assessment and as measured by individually administered, appropriately normed, standardized and validated tests of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001249","HPO_Synonym__c":"Intellectual disability; Mental deficiency; Mental retardation; Mental retardation, nonspecific; Mental-retardation; Nonprogressive intellectual disability; Nonprogressive mental retardation","HPO_Name__c":"Intellectual disability","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Functional neurological abnormalities related to dysfunction of the pyramidal tract.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0007256","HPO_Synonym__c":"Corticospinal signs; Pyramidal signs; Pyramidal tract signs","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal pyramidal sign","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002019","HPO_Synonym__c":"Constipation; Costiveness; Dyschezia","HPO_Name__c":"Constipation","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Difficulty in swallowing.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002015","HPO_Synonym__c":"Difficulty swallowing; Poor swallowing; Swallowing difficulties; Swallowing difficulty","HPO_Name__c":"Dysphagia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002483","HPO_Name__c":"Bulbar signs","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Any cardiac rhythm other than the normal sinus rhythm. Such a rhythm may be either of sinus or ectopic origin and either regular or irregular. An arrhythmia may be due to a disturbance in impulse formation or conduction or both.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0011675","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal heart rate; Arrhythmias; Cardiac arrhythmia; Cardiac arrhythmias; Cardiac rhythm disturbances; Heart rhythm disorders; Irregular heart beat; Irregular heartbeat","HPO_Name__c":"Arrhythmia","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the T wave on the electrocardiogram, which mainly represents the repolarization of the ventricles.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0005135","HPO_Synonym__c":"EKG: T-wave abnormalities; T-wave abnormalities","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal T-wave","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Procedure_EKG"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Respiratory distress is objectively observable as the physical or emotional consequences from the experience of dyspnea. The physical presentation of respiratory distress is generally referred to as labored breathing, while the sensation of respiratory distress is called shortness of breath or dyspnea.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002098","HPO_Synonym__c":"Breathing difficulties; Labored breathing; Respiratory difficulties","HPO_Name__c":"Respiratory distress","Feature_System__c":"Respiratory system","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Inspiration of a foreign object into the airway.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002835","HPO_Name__c":"Aspiration","Feature_System__c":"Respiratory system","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A type of focal-onset seizure characterized by a motor sign as its initial semiological manifestation.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0011153","HPO_Synonym__c":"Focal motor seizures; Localized motor seizure; Localized motor seizures; Partial motor seizure; Partial motor seizures; Segmental motor seizure","HPO_Name__c":"Focal motor seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Distention of the abdomen.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003270","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abdominal bloating; Abdominal distension; Abdominal swelling; Belly bloating; Bloating; Distended abdomen","HPO_Name__c":"Abdominal distention","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001347","HPO_Synonym__c":"Increased deep tendon reflexes; Increased reflexes","HPO_Name__c":"Hyperreflexia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Cephalgia, or pain sensed in various parts of the head, not confined to the area of distribution of any nerve.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002315","HPO_Synonym__c":"Headache; Headaches","HPO_Name__c":"Headache","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A functional abnormality of the autonomic nervous system.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0012332","HPO_Synonym__c":"Autonomic dysfunction; Autonomic dysregulation; Dysautonomia","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal autonomic nervous system physiology","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormally increased frequency (usually defined as three or more) loose or watery bowel movements a day.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002014","HPO_Synonym__c":"Diarrhea; Watery stool","HPO_Name__c":"Diarrhea","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Ataxia refers to impaired coordination of voluntary muscle movement. Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001251","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cerebellar ataxia","HPO_Name__c":"Ataxia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Atypical behavior is an abnormality in a person's actions that can be controlled or modulated by the will of the individual. While abnormal behaviors can be difficult to control, they are distinct from other abnormal actions that cannot be affected by the individual's will.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000708","HPO_Synonym__c":"Behavioral abnormality; Behavioral changes; Behavioral disorders; Behavioral disturbances; Behavioral problems; Behavioral symptoms; Behavioral/psychiatric abnormalities; Behavioural symptoms; Behavioural/Psychiatric abnormality; Psychiatric disorders; Psychiatric disturbances","HPO_Name__c":"Atypical behavior","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A form of strabismus with one or both eyes turned inward ('crossed') to a relatively severe degree, usually defined as 10 diopters or more.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000565","HPO_Synonym__c":"Inward turning cross eyed","HPO_Name__c":"Esotropia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A type of flat-foot characterized by hindfoot abductovalgus, metatarsus adductus, and Achilles tendon shortening. The predominant radiographic findings include forefoot adduction with lateral subluxation of the navicular on the talus and heel valgus. Very abnormal shoe wear is noted on the medial side. Calluses occur under the metatarsal heads and the head of the plantar-flexed talus.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0032649","HPO_Synonym__c":"Skew foot; Skew-foot","HPO_Name__c":"Skewfoot","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2131","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A form of strabismus with one or both eyes deviated outward.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000577","HPO_Synonym__c":"Outward facing eye ball","HPO_Name__c":"Exotropia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}}],"tags":{"Cause":["Genetics"],"Disease Category":["Genetics","Neurology"],"Specialist":["Genetics","Neurology","Neurodevelopmental disabilities","Pediatrics"]},"synonyms":["adrenal hypoplasia congenita"," ahc"," alternating hemiplegia syndrome"," childhood alternating hemiplegia"," congenital adrenal gland hypoplasia"," congenital adrenal hypoplasia"," paediatric alternating hemiplegia"," pediatric alternating hemiplegia"]}