{"Name":"Congenital defect of folate absorption","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0012983","id":12983,"encodedName":"congenital-defect-of-folate-absorption","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Congenital defect of folate absorption","Xref_IDs__c":"62578003; C0342705; C156424; C562799; DOID:0111678; MEDGEN:83348; MONDO:0009238; OMIM:229050; ORPHA:90045","USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":7,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":0,"No_of_HHS_records__c":1,"World_Estimate__c":"1 to 8,000","No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":1,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":3,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":7,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":2,"Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0009238","Disease_Description__c":"Hereditary folate malabsorption (HFM) is an inherited disorder of folate transport characterized by a systemic and central nervous system (CNS) folate deficiency manifesting as megaloblastic anemia, failure to thrive, diarrhea and/or oral mucositis, immunologic dysfunction and neurological disorders.","GARD_Name__c":"Congenital defect of folate absorption","GARD_Synonym__c":"congenital folate malabsorption; congenital malabsorption of folic acid; folate transport defect; folic acid transport defect; hereditary folate malabsorption","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0009238","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Hereditary folate malabsorption is a disorder that interferes with the body's ability to use certain vitamins from food. During digestion, the body cannot take in (absorb) certain B vitamins called folates. Folates are important for cell growth and function and blood cell formation. Infants with hereditary folate malabsorption are born with normal amounts of folates in their body because they get these vitamins through the placenta before birth. Affected babies generally begin to show signs and symptoms of the disorder within the first few months of life when they cannot use the folates they get from food. Infants with hereditary folate malabsorption often experience feeding difficulties, diarrhea, and swelling or irritation on the inside of the mouth (oral mucositis). These babies also do not gain weight and grow at the expected rate (failure to thrive). Affected individuals usually develop a blood disorder called megaloblastic anemia. Megaloblastic anemia occurs when a person has a low number of red blood cells (anemia), and the remaining red blood cells are larger than normal (megaloblastic). People with hereditary folate malabsorption may also have fewer white blood cells (leukopenia), making them more susceptible to infections. In addition, some affected individuals have fewer platelets (thrombocytopenia), which means they can bruise easily. Without treatment, affected individuals may develop neurological problems such as developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, seizures, and difficulty coordinating movements (ataxia). Abnormal deposits of calcium (calcification) in the brain may also occur. Pregnant women with hereditary folate malabsorption who are receiving treatment for the vitamin deficiency do not appear to have an increased risk of having children with birth defects caused by folate deficiency, such as spina bifida or anencephaly.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"as a Newborn and as an Infant","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:90045","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Entity","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0009238","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:90045","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Malabsorción hereditaria de folato","Spanish_Description_Source__c":"ORPHA:90045","Spanish_Description__c":"La malabsorción hereditaria de folato (HFM) es un trastorno hereditario del transporte del folato que se caracteriza por un déficit de folato sistémico y del sistema nervioso central (SNC) que se manifiesta con: anemia megaloblástica, retraso en el crecimiento, diarrea y/o mucositis oral, disfunción inmunológica y trastornos neurológicos.","Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"malabsorción hereditaria de folato","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":"malabsorción congénita de folato","Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:97992","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Hereditary folate malabsorption is a disorder that interferes with the body's ability to use certain vitamins from food. During digestion, the body cannot take in (absorb) certain B vitamins called folates. Folates are important for cell growth and function and blood cell formation. Infants with hereditary folate malabsorption are born with normal amounts of folates in their body because they get these vitamins through the placenta before birth. Affected babies generally begin to show signs and symptoms of the disorder within the first few months of life when they cannot use the folates they get from food. Infants with hereditary folate malabsorption often experience feeding difficulties, diarrhea, and swelling or irritation on the inside of the mouth (oral mucositis). These babies also do not gain weight and grow at the expected rate (failure to thrive). Affected individuals usually develop a blood disorder called megaloblastic anemia. Megaloblastic anemia occurs when a person has a low number of red blood cells (anemia), and the remaining red blood cells are larger than normal (megaloblastic). People with hereditary folate malabsorption may also have fewer white blood cells (leukopenia), making them more susceptible to infections. In addition, some affected individuals have fewer platelets (thrombocytopenia), which means they can bruise easily. Without treatment, affected individuals may develop neurological problems such as developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, seizures, and difficulty coordinating movements (ataxia). Abnormal deposits of calcium (calcification) in the brain may also occur. Pregnant women with hereditary folate malabsorption who are receiving treatment for the vitamin deficiency do not appear to have an increased risk of having children with birth defects caused by folate deficiency, such as spina bifida or anencephaly.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0009238","GARD_Synonym__c":"congenital folate malabsorption; congenital malabsorption of folic acid; folate transport defect; folic acid transport defect; hereditary folate malabsorption","Name":"Congenital defect of folate absorption","Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","estimateUsa":"1,000"}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"Metabolic Support UK","Website__c":"https://www.metabolicsupportuk.org"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Genetics","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Genetic diseases affect the DNA, or genetic instructions, which directs how tissues, organs, and body systems function.","curated_tag_name":"Genetic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neurology","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Neurological diseases affect the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, autonomic nerves, or other peripheral nerves.","curated_tag_name":"Neurological diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Immunology","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Gastroenterology","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Gastrointestinal diseases, or digestive diseases, affect the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, or pancreas.","curated_tag_name":"Gastrointestinal diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Hematology","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Blood diseases affect the blood or blood-forming organs, including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma, and bone marrow.","curated_tag_name":"Blood diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Inborn Errors of Metabolism","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category","category_description":"Inherited metabolic diseases, or inborn errors of metabolism, are a group of genetic diseases that affect the ability of the body's cells to convert food into energy.","curated_tag_name":"Inherited metabolic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Primary Immune Deficiencies","Tag_Category__c":"Account","curated_tag_name":"Primary immunodeficiency"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neurodevelopmental disabilities","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist","curated_tag_name":"Neurodevelopmental disabilities"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pediatrics","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Infancy","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:90045"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Neonatal","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:90045"}],"Diagnosis__c":[{"Type__c":"GTR","Curie__c":"MEDGEN:C0342705"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://raresource.nih.gov/diseases/filter/0012983","Source__c":"RareSource"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1673","Source__c":"Gene Review","Xref__c":"NBK1673"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=62578003","Source__c":"C0342705; MONDO:0009238","Xref__c":"62578003"},{"URL__c":"https://evsexplore.semantics.cancer.gov/evsexplore/concept/ncit/C156424","Source__c":"C0342705; MONDO:0009238","Xref__c":"C156424"},{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0342705","Source__c":"C0342705","Xref__c":"C0342705"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/C562799","Source__c":"MONDO:0009238","Xref__c":"C562799"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/doid/classes?obo_id=DOID%3A0111678","Source__c":"MONDO:0009238","Xref__c":"DOID:0111678"},{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/90045","Source__c":"C0342705; MONDO:0009238; ORPHA:90045","Xref__c":"ORPHA:90045"},{"URL__c":"https://www.omim.org/entry/229050","Source__c":"C0342705; MONDO:0009238; ORPHA:90045","Xref__c":"OMIM:229050"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=83348","Source__c":"C0342705","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:83348"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009238","Source__c":"GARD:0012983","Xref__c":"MONDO:0009238"},{"URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hereditary-folate-malabsorption","Source__c":"GARD:0012983","Xref__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/hereditary-folate-malabsorption"}],"GARD_Disease_Gene__c":[{"GeneSymbol__c":"SLC46A1","GHR_URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/slc46a1","Gene_Type__c":"protein-coding gene","Causal_Gene__c":true}],"Inheritance__c":["Autosomal recessive"],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:90045","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001250","HPO_Synonym__c":"Epileptic seizure; 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Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:90045","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of movement with a neurological basis characterized by changes in coordination and speed of voluntary movements.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0100022","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of movement; Movement disorder; Unusual movement","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormality of movement","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:90045","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Nausea is a commonly encountered symptom that has been defined as an unpleasant painless subjective feeling that one will imminently vomit. Vomiting has been defined as the forceful expulsion of the contents of the stomach, duodenum, or jejunum through the oral cavity. While nausea and vomiting are often thought to exist on a temporal continuum, this is not always the case. There are situations when severe nausea may be present without emesis and less frequently, when emesis may be present without preceding nausea.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002017","HPO_Synonym__c":"Nausea and vomiting","HPO_Name__c":"Nausea and vomiting","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:90045","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Peripheral neuropathy is a general term for any disorder of the peripheral nervous system. The main clinical features used to classify peripheral neuropathy are distribution, type (mainly demyelinating versus mainly axonal), duration, and course.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0009830","HPO_Synonym__c":"Peripheral nerve damage; Peripheral neuritis","HPO_Name__c":"Peripheral neuropathy","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:90045","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Atypical behavior is an abnormality in a person's actions that can be controlled or modulated by the will of the individual. While abnormal behaviors can be difficult to control, they are distinct from other abnormal actions that cannot be affected by the individual's will.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000708","HPO_Synonym__c":"Behavioral abnormality; Behavioral changes; Behavioral disorders; Behavioral disturbances; Behavioral problems; Behavioral symptoms; Behavioral/psychiatric abnormalities; Behavioural symptoms; Behavioural/Psychiatric abnormality; Psychiatric disorders; Psychiatric disturbances","HPO_Name__c":"Atypical behavior","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:90045","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Inflammation of the tongue.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000206","HPO_Synonym__c":"Inflammation of the tongue; Lingual inflammation; Smooth swollen tongue","HPO_Name__c":"Glossitis","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:90045","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001347","HPO_Synonym__c":"Increased deep tendon reflexes; Increased reflexes","HPO_Name__c":"Hyperreflexia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:90045","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Failure of the immune system to protect the body adequately from infection, due to the absence or insufficiency of some component process or substance.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002721","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased immune function; Immune deficiency","HPO_Name__c":"Immunodeficiency","Feature_System__c":"Immune System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:90045","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormally decreased level of immunoglobulin in blood.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0004313","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased antibody level in blood; Decreased circulating antibody level; Decreased immunoglobulin level; Decreased serum immunoglobulin; Hypogammaglobulinemia; Immunoglobulin deficiency; Reduced immunoglobulin levels","HPO_Name__c":"Decreased circulating immunoglobulin concentration","Feature_System__c":"Immune System; Blood and Blood-Forming Tissue","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:90045","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Lack of desire to eat (loss of appetite).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002039","HPO_Synonym__c":"Anorexia; Deliberately not eating; Obsessive dieting; Refusing to eat","HPO_Name__c":"Anorexia","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:90045","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001263","HPO_Synonym__c":"Delayed cognitive development; Delayed development; Delayed developmental milestones; Delayed intellectual development; Delayed milestones; Delayed psychomotor development; Developmental delay; Developmental delay in early childhood; Developmental delay, global; Developmental retardation; GDD; Lack of psychomotor development; Motor and developmental delay; Motormental retardation; Psychomotor delay; Psychomotor development deficiency; Psychomotor development failure; Psychomotor developmental delay; Retarded development; Retarded mental development; Retarded psychomotor development","HPO_Name__c":"Global developmental delay","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:90045","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the immune system.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002715","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of the immune system; Immunological abnormality","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormality of the immune system","Feature_System__c":"Immune System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:90045","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of skeletal muscular atrophy (which is also known as amyotrophy).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003202","HPO_Synonym__c":"Amyotrophy; Amyotrophy involving the extremities; Muscle atrophy; Muscle atrophy, neurogenic; Muscle degeneration; Muscle hypotrophy; Muscle wasting; Muscular atrophy; Neurogenic muscle atrophy; Neurogenic muscle atrophy, especially in the lower limbs; Neurogenic muscular atrophy","HPO_Name__c":"Skeletal muscle atrophy","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:90045","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Increased count of eosinophils in the blood.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001880","HPO_Synonym__c":"Eosinophilia; High blood eosinophil count; Increased eosinophil count","HPO_Name__c":"Increased total eosinophil count","Feature_System__c":"Immune System; Blood and Blood-Forming Tissue","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:90045","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An increased susceptibility to respiratory infections as manifested by a history of recurrent respiratory infections.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002205","HPO_Synonym__c":"Frequent respiratory infections; Multiple respiratory infections; Recurrent respiratory infections; respiratory infections, recurrent; Susceptibility to respiratory infections","HPO_Name__c":"Recurrent respiratory infections","Feature_System__c":"Respiratory system; Immune System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:90045","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormally increased frequency (usually defined as three or more) loose or watery bowel movements a day.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002014","HPO_Synonym__c":"Diarrhea; Watery stool","HPO_Name__c":"Diarrhea","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}}],"tags":{"Cause":["Genetics","Inborn Errors of Metabolism"],"Disease Category":["Genetics","Neurology","Gastroenterology","Hematology","Inborn Errors of Metabolism"],"Specialist":["Genetics","Neurology","Immunology","Gastroenterology","Hematology","Neurodevelopmental disabilities","Pediatrics"],"Account":["Primary Immune Deficiencies"]},"synonyms":["congenital folate malabsorption"," congenital malabsorption of folic acid"," folate transport defect"," folic acid transport defect"," hereditary folate malabsorption"]}