{"Name":"Ring chromosome 20 syndrome","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0001334","id":1334,"encodedName":"ring-chromosome-20-syndrome","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Ring chromosome 20 syndrome","Xref_IDs__c":"23686004; C0265482; C169001; C580424; MEDGEN:489853; MONDO:0015436; ORPHA:1444","USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":4,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":0,"No_of_HHS_records__c":1,"World_Estimate__c":"1 to 8,000","No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":1,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":5,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":7,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":4,"Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0015436","Disease_Description__c":"A rare chromosomal disorder, characterized by childhood onset drug resistant epilepsy with typical electroencephalographic findings (EEG), mild to severe intellectual disability and behavioral problems.","GARD_Name__c":"Ring chromosome 20 syndrome","GARD_Synonym__c":"ring 20; ring chromosome 20; ring chromosome type 20","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0001334","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Ring chromosome 20 syndrome is a condition that affects the normal development and function of the brain. The most common feature of this condition is recurrent seizures (epilepsy) in childhood. The seizures may occur during the day or at night during sleep. They are described as partial seizures because they affect only one area of the brain, a region called the frontal lobe. In many cases, the seizures are complex and resistant to treatment with anti-epileptic drugs. Prolonged seizure episodes known as non-convulsive status epilepticus also appear to be characteristic of ring chromosome 20 syndrome. These episodes involve confusion and behavioral changes. Most people with ring chromosome 20 syndrome also have  intellectual disabilities and behavioral difficulties. Although these problems can appear either before or after the onset of epilepsy, they tend to worsen after seizures develop. Major birth defects and differences in facial features can occur in people with ring chromosome 20 syndrome, though these are rare.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"at a variety of ages","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:1444","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Entity","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0015436","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:1444","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Síndrome del cromosoma 20 en anillo","Spanish_Description_Source__c":"ORPHA:1444","Spanish_Description__c":"Es un trastorno cromosómico poco frecuente caracterizado por epilepsia farmacorresistente de inicio en la infancia con hallazgos electroencefalográficos (EEG) típicos, discapacidad intelectual de leve a grave y trastornos de conducta.","Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"síndrome del cromosoma 20 en anillo","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":"anillo 20; cromosoma 20 en anillo","Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:93890","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Ring chromosome 20 syndrome is a condition that affects the normal development and function of the brain. The most common feature of this condition is recurrent seizures (epilepsy) in childhood. The seizures may occur during the day or at night during sleep. They are described as partial seizures because they affect only one area of the brain, a region called the frontal lobe. In many cases, the seizures are complex and resistant to treatment with anti-epileptic drugs. Prolonged seizure episodes known as non-convulsive status epilepticus also appear to be characteristic of ring chromosome 20 syndrome. These episodes involve confusion and behavioral changes. Most people with ring chromosome 20 syndrome also have  intellectual disabilities and behavioral difficulties. Although these problems can appear either before or after the onset of epilepsy, they tend to worsen after seizures develop. Major birth defects and differences in facial features can occur in people with ring chromosome 20 syndrome, though these are rare.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0001334","GARD_Synonym__c":"ring 20; ring chromosome 20; ring chromosome type 20","Name":"Ring chromosome 20 syndrome","Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","estimateUsa":"1,000"}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"Chromosome Disorder Outreach","Website__c":"https://chromodisorder.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Unique","Website__c":"https://rarechromo.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Epilepsy Foundation","Website__c":"https://www.epilepsy.com/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Ring20 Research and Support UK","Website__c":"https://ring20researchsupport.co.uk/"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Chromosomal Anomaly","Tag_Category__c":"Account;Cause","curated_tag_name":"Chromosome disorders"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Genetics","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Genetic diseases affect the DNA, or genetic instructions, which directs how tissues, organs, and body systems function.","curated_tag_name":"Genetic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neurology","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Neurological diseases affect the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, autonomic nerves, or other peripheral nerves.","curated_tag_name":"Neurological diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Congenital Abnormality","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category","category_description":"Birth defects are structural changes present at birth that can affect almost any part of the body, including how the body looks, works, or both.","curated_tag_name":"Birth defects"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Epilepsy","Tag_Category__c":"Account;Specialist","curated_tag_name":"Epilepsy"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pediatrics","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Infancy","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1444"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Childhood","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1444"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Adolescent","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1444"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Adult","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1444"}],"Diagnosis__c":[{"Type__c":"GTR","Curie__c":"MEDGEN:C0265482"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://evsexplore.semantics.cancer.gov/evsexplore/concept/ncit/C169001","Source__c":"C0265482; MONDO:0015436","Xref__c":"C169001"},{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/1444","Source__c":"C0265482; MONDO:0015436; ORPHA:1444","Xref__c":"ORPHA:1444"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=489853","Source__c":"C0265482","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:489853"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=23686004","Source__c":"C0265482; MONDO:0015436","Xref__c":"23686004"},{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0265482","Source__c":"C0265482","Xref__c":"C0265482"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/C580424","Source__c":"MONDO:0015436","Xref__c":"C580424"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0015436","Source__c":"GARD:0001334","Xref__c":"MONDO:0015436"},{"URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ring-chromosome-20-syndrome","Source__c":"GARD:0001334","Xref__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ring-chromosome-20-syndrome"}],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1444","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Reduced attention span characterized by distractibility and impulsivity.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000736","HPO_Synonym__c":"Easily distracted; Easy distractibility; High distractibility; Poor attention span; Problem paying attention; Short attention span","HPO_Name__c":"Short attention span","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1444","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Impairment of certain skills such as reading or writing, coordination, self-control, or attention that interfere with the ability to learn. The impairment is not related to a global deficiency of intelligence.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001328","HPO_Name__c":"Specific learning disability","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1444","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormality observed by electroencephalogram (EEG), which is used to record of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002353","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal EEG; Abnormal electroencephalogram; EEG abnormalities; Electroencephalogram abnormal; Electroencephalogram abnormalities","HPO_Name__c":"EEG abnormality","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Procedure_EEG"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1444","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Loss of previously present mental abilities, generally in adults.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001268","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cognitive decline; Cognitive decline, progressive; Intellectual deterioration; Mental deterioration; Progressive cognitive decline","HPO_Name__c":"Mental deterioration","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1444","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) refers to delays in the maturation of the brain and central nervous system; infants and young children with NDD may experience delays in the development of one or more skills including gross motor abilities, fine-motor coordination, language abilities and ability to solve increasingly complex problems.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0012758","HPO_Synonym__c":"NDD","HPO_Name__c":"Neurodevelopmental delay","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1444","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The term intellectual disability or intellectual developmental disorder is used to describe significantly sub-average intellectual and adaptive functioning based on clinical assessment and as measured by individually administered, appropriately normed, standardized and validated tests of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001249","HPO_Synonym__c":"Intellectual disability; Mental deficiency; Mental retardation; Mental retardation, nonspecific; Mental-retardation; Nonprogressive intellectual disability; Nonprogressive mental retardation","HPO_Name__c":"Intellectual disability","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1444","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Atypical behavior is an abnormality in a person's actions that can be controlled or modulated by the will of the individual. While abnormal behaviors can be difficult to control, they are distinct from other abnormal actions that cannot be affected by the individual's will.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000708","HPO_Synonym__c":"Behavioral abnormality; Behavioral changes; Behavioral disorders; Behavioral disturbances; Behavioral problems; Behavioral symptoms; Behavioral/psychiatric abnormalities; Behavioural symptoms; Behavioural/Psychiatric abnormality; Psychiatric disorders; Psychiatric disturbances","HPO_Name__c":"Atypical behavior","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1444","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Seizures that occur while the affected individual is sleeping.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0031951","HPO_Synonym__c":"Sleep seizures","HPO_Name__c":"Nocturnal seizures","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1444","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A condition in which epileptiform abnormalities are believed to contribute to the progressive disturbance in cerebral function. Epileptic encephalaopathy is characterized by (1) electrographic EEG paroxysmal activity that is often aggressive, (2) seizures that are usually multiform and intractable, (3) cognitive, behavioral and neurological deficits that may be relentless, and (4) sometimes early death.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0200134","HPO_Synonym__c":"Convulsive encephalopathy","HPO_Name__c":"Epileptic encephalopathy","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1444","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A deficiency or slowing down of growth pre- and postnatally.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001510","HPO_Synonym__c":"Delayed growth; Growth deficiency; Growth delay; Growth failure; Growth retardation; Poor growth; Retarded growth","HPO_Name__c":"Growth delay","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1444","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A type of focal-onset seizure characterized by a motor sign as its initial semiological manifestation.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0011153","HPO_Synonym__c":"Focal motor seizures; Localized motor seizure; Localized motor seizures; Partial motor seizure; Partial motor seizures; Segmental motor seizure","HPO_Name__c":"Focal motor seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1444","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A type of status epilepticus without prominent motor symptoms in the absence of coma.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0032671","HPO_Name__c":"Non-convulsive status epilepticus without coma","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}}],"tags":{"Account":["Chromosomal Anomaly","Epilepsy"],"Cause":["Chromosomal Anomaly","Genetics"],"Disease Category":["Genetics","Neurology","Congenital Abnormality"],"Specialist":["Genetics","Neurology","Epilepsy","Pediatrics"]},"synonyms":["ring 20"," ring chromosome 20"," ring chromosome type 20"]}