{"Name":"Oculomotor apraxia - Cogan type","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0000016","id":16,"encodedName":"oculomotor-apraxia-cogan-type","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Oculomotor apraxia - Cogan type","Xref_IDs__c":"405809000; C0543874; C537423; DOID:0080849; MEDGEN:154254; MONDO:0009764; OMIM:257550; ORPHA:1125","USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":4,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":0,"No_of_HHS_records__c":0,"World_Estimate__c":"1 to 8,000","No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":0,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":4,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":7,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":1,"Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0009764","Disease_Description__c":"Ocular motor apraxia, Cogan type is characterised by impairment of voluntary horizontal eye movements and compensatory head thrust. Around 50 cases have been described so far. The oculomotor manifestations tend to improve with age but the syndrome may also be associated with learning and speech difficulties, or, in some cases, cerebral malformations. Both sporadic and familial forms have been described, with sporadic forms being more frequent. The mode of transmission of the familial form has not yet been clearly established. A gene located on the long arm of chromosome 2, near to the <i>NPHP1</i> gene involved in nephronophthisis, may be associated with ocular motor apraxia, Cogan type.","GARD_Name__c":"Oculomotor apraxia - Cogan type","GARD_Synonym__c":"congenital saccade initiation failure; ocular motor apraxia cogan type; ocular motor apraxia, cogan type; oculomotor apraxia, cogan type; oculomotor apraxia, congenital, cogan-type; saccade initiation failure, congenital","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0000016","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Oculomotor apraxia Cogan type (COMA) is an eye condition characterized by a defect in side-to-side (horizontal) eye movements. Because of this, most patients with COMA have to turn their head in order to follow objects in side gaze. Typically, up-to-down (vertical) eye movements are unaffected. COMA can also be associated with mild developmental delay and speech difficulties. Individuals with COMA may also have kidney disorders and underdevelopment of the part of cerebellum that separates the left and right hemisphere of the brain (cerebellar vermis). When other symptoms occur, COMA may be a symptom of other disorders, such as nephronophthisis or Joubert syndrome. In many instances, the cause of COMA is not known. Cases support an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"as a Child","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:1125","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Entity","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0009764","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:1125","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Apraxia ocular tipo cogan","Spanish_Description_Source__c":"ORPHA:1125","Spanish_Description__c":"La apraxia ocular motora congénita (AOMC) tipo Cogan se caracteriza por un deterioro de los movimientos horizontales voluntarios de los ojos, con giros bruscos de la cabeza como mecanismo compensatorio. Hasta ahora se han descrito unos 50 casos. Las manifestaciones oculomotoras suelen mejorar con la edad aunque el síndrome puede asociarse también con problemas para el aprendizaje y el desarrollo del lenguaje, o, en algunos casos, con malformaciones cerebrales. Se han descrito tanto formas esporádicas como familiares, siendo más frecuentes los casos esporádicos. Aún no se ha definido el mecanismo de transmisión genético de la forma familiar. Es posible que haya una asociación de la AOMC tipo Cogan con un gen situado en el brazo largo del cromosoma 2, cerca del gen NPHP1, implicado en la nefronoftisis.","Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"apraxia ocular tipo cogan","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":null,"Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:97966","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Oculomotor apraxia Cogan type (COMA) is an eye condition characterized by a defect in side-to-side (horizontal) eye movements. Because of this, most patients with COMA have to turn their head in order to follow objects in side gaze. Typically, up-to-down (vertical) eye movements are unaffected. COMA can also be associated with mild developmental delay and speech difficulties. Individuals with COMA may also have kidney disorders and underdevelopment of the part of cerebellum that separates the left and right hemisphere of the brain (cerebellar vermis). When other symptoms occur, COMA may be a symptom of other disorders, such as nephronophthisis or Joubert syndrome. In many instances, the cause of COMA is not known. Cases support an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0000016","GARD_Synonym__c":"congenital saccade initiation failure; ocular motor apraxia cogan type; ocular motor apraxia, cogan type; oculomotor apraxia, cogan type; oculomotor apraxia, congenital, cogan-type; saccade initiation failure, congenital","Name":"Oculomotor apraxia - Cogan type","Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","estimateUsa":"1,000"}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"Joubert Syndrome & Related Disorders Foundation","Website__c":"https://jsrdf.org/"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Genetics","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Genetic diseases affect the DNA, or genetic instructions, which directs how tissues, organs, and body systems function.","curated_tag_name":"Genetic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Ophthalmology","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neuro-Ophthalmology","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist","curated_tag_name":"Neuro-ophthalmic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pediatrics","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Childhood","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1125"}],"Diagnosis__c":[{"Type__c":"GTR","Curie__c":"MEDGEN:C0543874"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=154254","Source__c":"C0543874","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:154254"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/doid/classes?obo_id=DOID%3A0080849","Source__c":"MONDO:0009764","Xref__c":"DOID:0080849"},{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0543874","Source__c":"C0543874","Xref__c":"C0543874"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/C537423","Source__c":"MONDO:0009764","Xref__c":"C537423"},{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/1125","Source__c":"C0543874; MONDO:0009764; ORPHA:1125","Xref__c":"ORPHA:1125"},{"URL__c":"https://www.omim.org/entry/257550","Source__c":"C0543874; MONDO:0009764; ORPHA:1125","Xref__c":"OMIM:257550"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=405809000","Source__c":"C0543874; MONDO:0009764","Xref__c":"405809000"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009764","Source__c":"GARD:0000016","Xref__c":"MONDO:0009764"}],"Inheritance__c":["Autosomal recessive"],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1125","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0006961","HPO_Synonym__c":"Head jerking; Jerking head movements","HPO_Name__c":"Jerky head movements","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1125","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Ocular motor apraxia is a deficiency in voluntary, horizontal, lateral, fast eye movements (saccades) with retention of slow pursuit movements. The inability to follow objects visually is often compensated by head movements. There may be decreased smooth pursuit, and cancelation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000657","HPO_Synonym__c":"Ocular motor apraxia","HPO_Name__c":"Oculomotor apraxia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1125","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The term intellectual disability or intellectual developmental disorder is used to describe significantly sub-average intellectual and adaptive functioning based on clinical assessment and as measured by individually administered, appropriately normed, standardized and validated tests of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001249","HPO_Synonym__c":"Intellectual disability; Mental deficiency; Mental retardation; Mental retardation, nonspecific; Mental-retardation; Nonprogressive intellectual disability; Nonprogressive mental retardation","HPO_Name__c":"Intellectual disability","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1125","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001252","HPO_Synonym__c":"Low muscle tone; Low or weak muscle tone; Muscle hypotonia; Muscular hypotonia","HPO_Name__c":"Hypotonia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1125","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Absence or underdevelopment of the vermis of cerebellum.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0006817","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cerebellar vermis aplasia/hypoplasia; Hypo/aplastic vermis","HPO_Name__c":"Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1125","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormal appearance of the midbrain in axial magnetic resonance imaging in which the elongated superior cerebellar peduncles give the midbrain an appearance reminiscent of a molar or wisdom tooth.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002419","HPO_Synonym__c":"Molar tooth sign; Molar tooth sign on brain imaging; Molar tooth sign on imaging","HPO_Name__c":"Molar tooth sign on MRI","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Imaging_MRI"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1125","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Impairment of certain skills such as reading or writing, coordination, self-control, or attention that interfere with the ability to learn. The impairment is not related to a global deficiency of intelligence.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001328","HPO_Name__c":"Specific learning disability","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1125","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of ocular smooth pursuit characterized by an impairment of the ability to track horizontally moving objects.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001151","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal horizontal ocular pursuit; Impaired horizontal visual pursuit","HPO_Name__c":"Impaired horizontal smooth pursuit","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1125","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Ataxia refers to impaired coordination of voluntary muscle movement. Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001251","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cerebellar ataxia","HPO_Name__c":"Ataxia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1125","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000750","HPO_Synonym__c":"Deficiency of speech development; Delayed language development; Delayed speech; Delayed speech acquisition; Delayed speech and language development; Delayed speech development; Impaired speech and language development; Impaired speech development; Language delay; Language delayed; Language development deficit; Late-onset speech development; Poor language development; Speech and language delay; Speech and language difficulties; Speech delay","HPO_Name__c":"Delayed speech and language development","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1125","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001250","HPO_Synonym__c":"Epileptic seizure; Seizures","HPO_Name__c":"Seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1125","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Lack of physical coordination resulting in an abnormal tendency to drop items or bump into objects.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002312","HPO_Synonym__c":"Clumsiness","HPO_Name__c":"Clumsiness","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1125","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000639","HPO_Synonym__c":"Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic eye movements","HPO_Name__c":"Nystagmus","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1125","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000486","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cross-eyed; Squint; Squint eyes","HPO_Name__c":"Strabismus","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1125","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001270","HPO_Synonym__c":"Delay in development of motor milestones; Delay in motor development; Delayed development of motor milestones; Delayed early motor milestones; Delayed motor development; Delayed motor milestones; Locomotor delay; Motor developmental delay; Motor developmental milestones not achieved; Motor retardation; Retarded motor development; Slow development of motor milestones","HPO_Name__c":"Motor delay","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}}],"tags":{"Cause":["Genetics"],"Disease Category":["Genetics"],"Specialist":["Genetics","Ophthalmology","Neuro-Ophthalmology","Pediatrics"]},"synonyms":["congenital saccade initiation failure"," ocular motor apraxia cogan type"," ocular motor apraxia, cogan type"," oculomotor apraxia, cogan type"," oculomotor apraxia, congenital, cogan-type"," saccade initiation failure, congenital"]}