{"Name":"Crigler-Najjar syndrome","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0016526","id":16526,"encodedName":"crigler-najjar-syndrome","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Crigler-Najjar syndrome","Xref_IDs__c":"28259009; C5551003; C84656; D003414; DOID:3803; E80.5; MEDGEN:1789261; MONDO:0009044; ORPHA:205","USA_Estimate__c":"5,000","No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":3,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":0,"No_of_HHS_records__c":1,"World_Estimate__c":"8,000 to 80,000","No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":1,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":3,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":6,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":2,"Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0009044","Disease_Description__c":"A rare hereditary disorder of bilirubin metabolism characterized by unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to a either a complete (type 1) or partial and inducible (type 2) hepatic deficit of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 activity. The disorder manifests with neonatal jaundice with a risk of developing bilirubin encephalopathy.","GARD_Name__c":"Crigler-Najjar syndrome","GARD_Synonym__c":"bilirubin udp glucuronyl transferase deficiency; bilirubin uridinediphosphate glucuronosyltransferase deficiency; bilirubin-ugt deficiency; crigler najjar syndrome; hereditary unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia; ugt deficiency","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0009044","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Crigler-Najjar syndrome is a severe condition characterized by high levels of a toxic substance called bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia). Bilirubin is produced when red blood cells are broken down. This substance is removed from the body only after it undergoes a chemical reaction in the liver, which converts the toxic form of bilirubin (called unconjugated bilirubin) to a nontoxic form called conjugated bilirubin. People with Crigler-Najjar syndrome have a buildup of unconjugated bilirubin in their blood (unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia). Bilirubin has an orange-yellow tint, and hyperbilirubinemia causes yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice). In Crigler-Najjar syndrome, jaundice is apparent at birth or in infancy. Severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia can lead to a condition called kernicterus, which is a form of brain damage caused by the accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin in the brain and nerve tissues. Babies with kernicterus are often extremely tired (lethargic) and may have weak muscle tone (hypotonia). These babies may experience episodes of increased muscle tone (hypertonia) and arching of their backs. Kernicterus can lead to other neurological problems, including involuntary writhing movements of the body (choreoathetosis), hearing problems, or intellectual disability. Crigler-Najjar syndrome is divided into two types. Type 1 (CN1) is very severe, and affected individuals can die in childhood due to kernicterus, although with proper treatment, they may survive longer. Type 2 (CN2) is less severe. People with CN2 are less likely to develop kernicterus, and most affected individuals survive into adulthood.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"5,000","Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"as a Newborn and as an Infant","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:205","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Grouping","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0009044","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:205","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Síndrome de crigler-najjar","Spanish_Description_Source__c":"ORPHA:205","Spanish_Description__c":"Es un trastorno hereditario poco frecuente del metabolismo de la bilirrubina caracterizado por hiperbilirrubinemia no conjugada debida a un déficit hepático completo (tipo 1) o parcial e inducible (tipo 2) de la actividad UDP-glucuronosiltransferasa 1A1. El trastorno se manifiesta como una ictericia neonatal con riesgo de desarrollar encefalopatía por bilirrubina.","Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"síndrome de crigler-najjar","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":"deficiencia de bilirrubina uridinadifosfato glucuronosiltransferasa; deficiencia de bilirrubina-ugt","Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:57146","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Crigler-Najjar syndrome is a severe condition characterized by high levels of a toxic substance called bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia). Bilirubin is produced when red blood cells are broken down. This substance is removed from the body only after it undergoes a chemical reaction in the liver, which converts the toxic form of bilirubin (called unconjugated bilirubin) to a nontoxic form called conjugated bilirubin. People with Crigler-Najjar syndrome have a buildup of unconjugated bilirubin in their blood (unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia). Bilirubin has an orange-yellow tint, and hyperbilirubinemia causes yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice). In Crigler-Najjar syndrome, jaundice is apparent at birth or in infancy. Severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia can lead to a condition called kernicterus, which is a form of brain damage caused by the accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin in the brain and nerve tissues. Babies with kernicterus are often extremely tired (lethargic) and may have weak muscle tone (hypotonia). These babies may experience episodes of increased muscle tone (hypertonia) and arching of their backs. Kernicterus can lead to other neurological problems, including involuntary writhing movements of the body (choreoathetosis), hearing problems, or intellectual disability. Crigler-Najjar syndrome is divided into two types. Type 1 (CN1) is very severe, and affected individuals can die in childhood due to kernicterus, although with proper treatment, they may survive longer. Type 2 (CN2) is less severe. People with CN2 are less likely to develop kernicterus, and most affected individuals survive into adulthood.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0009044","GARD_Synonym__c":"bilirubin udp glucuronyl transferase deficiency; bilirubin uridinediphosphate glucuronosyltransferase deficiency; bilirubin-ugt deficiency; crigler najjar syndrome; hereditary unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia; ugt deficiency","Name":"Crigler-Najjar syndrome","Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"5,000","estimateUsa":"5,000"}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"American Liver Foundation","Website__c":"https://liverfoundation.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Metabolic Support UK","Website__c":"https://www.metabolicsupportuk.org"},{"Account_Name__c":"Children's Liver Disease Foundation","Website__c":"https://childliverdisease.org/"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Genetics","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Genetic diseases affect the DNA, or genetic instructions, which directs how tissues, organs, and body systems function.","curated_tag_name":"Genetic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Gastroenterology","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Gastrointestinal diseases, or digestive diseases, affect the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, or pancreas.","curated_tag_name":"Gastrointestinal diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Inborn Errors of Metabolism","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category","category_description":"Inherited metabolic diseases, or inborn errors of metabolism, are a group of genetic diseases that affect the ability of the body's cells to convert food into energy.","curated_tag_name":"Inherited metabolic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pediatrics","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Infancy","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Neonatal","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=1789261","Source__c":"C5551003","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:1789261"},{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/205","Source__c":"C5551003; MONDO:0009044; ORPHA:205","Xref__c":"ORPHA:205"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=28259009","Source__c":"C5551003; MONDO:0009044","Xref__c":"28259009"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/doid/classes?obo_id=DOID%3A3803","Source__c":"MONDO:0009044","Xref__c":"DOID:3803"},{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C5551003","Source__c":"C5551003","Xref__c":"C5551003"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/C003414","Source__c":"C5551003; MONDO:0009044","Xref__c":"D003414"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/E80.5","Source__c":"MONDO:0009044","Xref__c":"E80.5"},{"URL__c":"https://evsexplore.semantics.cancer.gov/evsexplore/concept/ncit/C84656","Source__c":"C5551003; MONDO:0009044","Xref__c":"C84656"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009044","Source__c":"GARD:0016526","Xref__c":"MONDO:0009044"},{"URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/crigler-najjar-syndrome","Source__c":"GARD:0016526","Xref__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/crigler-najjar-syndrome"}],"Inheritance__c":["Autosomal recessive"],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Developmental hypoplasia of the dental enamel.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0006297","HPO_Synonym__c":"Dental enamel hypoplasia; Enamel hypotrophy; Enamel, underdeveloped; Hypoplasia of dental enamel; Hypoplasia of tooth enamel; Underdeveloped teeth enamel","HPO_Name__c":"Enamel hypoplasia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the auditory evoked potentials, which are used to trace the signal generated by a sound, from the cochlear nerve, through the lateral lemniscus, to the medial geniculate nucleus, and to the cortex.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0006958","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal brainstem auditory-evoked potentials","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal auditory evoked potentials","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A type of hyperbilirubinemia with neonatal onset.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003265","HPO_Synonym__c":"High blood bilirubin levels in neonate; Hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal","HPO_Name__c":"Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An increased amount of unconjugated (indirect) bilurubin in the blood.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0008282","HPO_Name__c":"Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The complete absence of wakefulness and consciousness, which is evident through a lack of response to any form of external stimuli.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001259","HPO_Synonym__c":"Coma; Persistent vegetative state; Stupor; Unconsciousness","HPO_Name__c":"Coma","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An inadequate sucking reflex, resulting in the difficult of newborns to be breast-fed.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002033","HPO_Synonym__c":"Poor suck; Poor sucking; Sucking weakness","HPO_Name__c":"Poor suck","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001252","HPO_Synonym__c":"Low muscle tone; Low or weak muscle tone; Muscle hypotonia; Muscular hypotonia","HPO_Name__c":"Hypotonia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A disorder of the brain caused by an infectious agent that presents with fever, headache, and an altered level of consciousness. There may also be focal or multifocal neurologic deficits, and focal or generalized seizure activity.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002383","HPO_Synonym__c":"Brain inflammation","HPO_Name__c":"Infectious encephalitis","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Immune System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Yellow pigmentation of the skin due to bilirubin, which in turn is the result of increased bilirubin concentration in the bloodstream.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000952","HPO_Synonym__c":"Icterus; Jaundice; Yellow skin; Yellowing of the skin","HPO_Name__c":"Jaundice","Feature_System__c":"Skin System; Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000365","HPO_Synonym__c":"Deafness; Hearing defect; Hearing impairment; Hypacusis","HPO_Name__c":"Hearing impairment","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormal cognition is characterized by deficits in thinking, reasoning, or remembering.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0100543","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of cognition; Cognitive abnormality; Cognitive defects; Cognitive deficits; Cognitive impairment; Intellectual impairment","HPO_Name__c":"Cognitive impairment","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Pruritus is an itch or a sensation that makes a person want to scratch. This term refers to an abnormally increased disposition to experience pruritus.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000989","HPO_Synonym__c":"Itching; Itchy skin; Skin itching","HPO_Name__c":"Pruritus","Feature_System__c":"Skin System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Damage to cerebral nuclei caused in infants by highly increased levels of unconjugated bilirubin. The basal ganglia and brainstem nuclei could be shown to have a yellow staining historically in infants who died of kernicterus, that is, kernicterus is strictly speaking a pathological diagnosis. The presence of kernicterus may be inferred in infants with characteristic acute or chronic bilirubin-induced neurological dysfunction.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001343","HPO_Name__c":"Kernicterus","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Opisthotonus is defined as a dramatic abnormal posture due to spastic contraction of the extensor muscles of the neck, trunk, and lower extremities that produces a severe backward arching from neck to heel. In most cases, the trunk is elevated off the ground by a few inches. It is usually sudden in onset and can be sustained or repetitive. It can be considered a variant of decerebrate posturing involving a hyperextension of the neck, back, and limbs.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002179","HPO_Synonym__c":"Arc de cercle; Opisthotonos","HPO_Name__c":"Opisthotonus","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A state of fatigue, either physical or mental slowness and sluggishness, with difficulties in initiating or performing simple tasks. Distinguished from apathy which implies indifference and a lack of desire or interest in the task. A person with lethargy may have the desire, but not the energy to engage in personal or socially relevant tasks.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001254","HPO_Synonym__c":"Dullness; Inaction; Inactivity; Languor; Lethargy; Slowness; Torpor","HPO_Name__c":"Lethargy","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A type of crying in an abnormally high-pitched voice.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0025430","HPO_Name__c":"High-pitched cry","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Ophthalmoplegia is a paralysis or weakness of one or more of the muscles that control eye movement.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000597","HPO_Synonym__c":"Extraocular muscle palsy; Extraocular muscle paralysis; Weakness of extraocular eye movement; Weakness of muscles controlling eye movement","HPO_Name__c":"Ophthalmoparesis","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormal sensation of spinning while the body is actually stationary.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002321","HPO_Synonym__c":"Dizzy spell","HPO_Name__c":"Vertigo","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Simultaneous enlargement of the liver and spleen.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001433","HPO_Synonym__c":"Enlarged liver and spleen","HPO_Name__c":"Hepatosplenomegaly","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System; Immune System; Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An impairment of memory as manifested by a reduced ability to remember things such as dates and names, and increased forgetfulness.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002354","HPO_Synonym__c":"Amnesia; Forgetfulness; Memory impairment; Memory loss; Memory problems; Poor memory","HPO_Name__c":"Memory impairment","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormal feeling of sleepiness or difficulty staying awake.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002329","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal drowsiness; Drowsiness; Sleepiness; Sleepy; Somnolence","HPO_Name__c":"Drowsiness","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:205","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001250","HPO_Synonym__c":"Epileptic seizure; Seizures","HPO_Name__c":"Seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}}],"tags":{"Cause":["Genetics","Inborn Errors of Metabolism"],"Disease Category":["Genetics","Gastroenterology","Inborn Errors of Metabolism"],"Specialist":["Genetics","Gastroenterology","Pediatrics"]},"synonyms":["bilirubin udp glucuronyl transferase deficiency"," bilirubin uridinediphosphate glucuronosyltransferase deficiency"," bilirubin-ugt deficiency"," crigler najjar syndrome"," hereditary unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia"," ugt deficiency"]}