{"Name":"Lissencephaly due to TUBA1A mutation","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0017066","id":17066,"encodedName":"lissencephaly-due-to-tuba1a-mutation","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Lissencephaly due to TUBA1A mutation","Xref_IDs__c":"C148461; C4305153; C566908; MEDGEN:930822; MONDO:0012703; OMIM:611603; ORPHA:171680","USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":5,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":0,"No_of_HHS_records__c":0,"World_Estimate__c":"1 to 8,000","No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":0,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":1,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":8,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":2,"Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0012703","Disease_Description__c":"Lissencephaly (LIS) due to TUBA1A mutation is a congenital cortical development anomaly due to abnormal neuronal migration involving neocortical and hippocampal lamination, corpus callosum, cerebellum and brainstem. A large clinical spectrum can be observed, from children with severe epilepsy and intellectual and motor deficit to cases with severe cerebral dysgenesis in the antenatal period leading to pregnancy termination due to the severity of the prognosis.","GARD_Name__c":"Lissencephaly due to TUBA1A mutation","GARD_Synonym__c":"lis3; lissencephaly 3; lissencephaly due to tuba1a (tubulin alpha 1a) mutation; lissencephaly due to tubulin alpha 1a mutation","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0012703","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Lissencephaly (LIS) due to TUBA1A mutation is a congenital cortical development anomaly due to abnormal neuronal migration involving neocortical and hippocampal lamination, corpus callosum, cerebellum and brainstem. A large clinical spectrum can be observed, from children with severe epilepsy and intellectual and motor deficit to cases with severe cerebral dysgenesis in the antenatal period leading to pregnancy termination due to the severity of the prognosis.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"during Pregnancy and as a Newborn","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:171680","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Entity","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0012703","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:171680","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Lisencefalia por una mutación en el gen tuba1a","Spanish_Description_Source__c":"ORPHA:171680","Spanish_Description__c":"La lisencefalia (LIS) por mutaciones en TUBA1A es una anomalía congénita del desarrollo cortical causada por una migración neuronal anómala que afecta a la laminación neocortical y del hipocampo, el cuerpo calloso, el cerebelo y el tallo cerebral. Puede observarse un amplio espectro clínico, desde niños con epilepsia grave y déficit intelectual y motor, a casos con disgenesia cerebral grave en el periodo prenatal que conduce a una interrupción del embarazo por la gravedad del pronóstico.","Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"lisencefalia por una mutación en el gen tuba1a","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":null,"Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:93890","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Lissencephaly (LIS) due to TUBA1A mutation is a congenital cortical development anomaly due to abnormal neuronal migration involving neocortical and hippocampal lamination, corpus callosum, cerebellum and brainstem. A large clinical spectrum can be observed, from children with severe epilepsy and intellectual and motor deficit to cases with severe cerebral dysgenesis in the antenatal period leading to pregnancy termination due to the severity of the prognosis.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0012703","GARD_Synonym__c":"lis3; lissencephaly 3; lissencephaly due to tuba1a (tubulin alpha 1a) mutation; lissencephaly due to tubulin alpha 1a mutation","Name":"Lissencephaly due to TUBA1A mutation","Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","estimateUsa":"1,000"}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"Child Neurology Foundation","Website__c":"https://www.childneurologyfoundation.org/"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Genetics","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Genetic diseases affect the DNA, or genetic instructions, which directs how tissues, organs, and body systems function.","curated_tag_name":"Genetic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neurology","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Neurological diseases affect the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, autonomic nerves, or other peripheral nerves.","curated_tag_name":"Neurological diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Congenital Abnormality","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category","category_description":"Birth defects are structural changes present at birth that can affect almost any part of the body, including how the body looks, works, or both.","curated_tag_name":"Birth defects"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Epilepsy","Tag_Category__c":"Account;Specialist","curated_tag_name":"Epilepsy"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neurodevelopmental disabilities","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist","curated_tag_name":"Neurodevelopmental disabilities"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pediatrics","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Neonatal","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Antenatal","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK350554","Source__c":"Gene Review","Xref__c":"NBK350554"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/C566908","Source__c":"MONDO:0012703","Xref__c":"C566908"},{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C4305153","Source__c":"C4305153","Xref__c":"C4305153"},{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/171680","Source__c":"C4305153; MONDO:0012703; ORPHA:171680","Xref__c":"ORPHA:171680"},{"URL__c":"https://www.omim.org/entry/611603","Source__c":"C4305153; MONDO:0012703; ORPHA:171680","Xref__c":"OMIM:611603"},{"URL__c":"https://evsexplore.semantics.cancer.gov/evsexplore/concept/ncit/C148461","Source__c":"C4305153; MONDO:0012703","Xref__c":"C148461"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=930822","Source__c":"C4305153","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:930822"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0012703","Source__c":"GARD:0017066","Xref__c":"MONDO:0012703"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=718759003","Source__c":"C4305153","Xref__c":"718759003"}],"GARD_Disease_Gene__c":[{"GeneSymbol__c":"TUBA1A","GHR_URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/tuba1a","Gene_Type__c":"protein-coding gene","Causal_Gene__c":true}],"Inheritance__c":["Autosomal dominant"],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A congenital abnormality of the cerebral hemisphere characterized by lack of gyrations (convolutions) of the cerebral cortex. Agyria is defined as cortical regions lacking gyration with sulci great than 3 cm apart and cerebral cortex thicker than 5 mm.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0031882","HPO_Synonym__c":"Agyria diffuse","HPO_Name__c":"Agyria","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and sex.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000252","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormally small cranium; Abnormally small skull; Decreased circumference of cranium; Decreased size of cranium; Decreased size of skull; Reduced head circumference; small cranium; Small head circumference","HPO_Name__c":"Microcephaly","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001263","HPO_Synonym__c":"Delayed cognitive development; Delayed development; Delayed developmental milestones; Delayed intellectual development; Delayed milestones; Delayed psychomotor development; Developmental delay; Developmental delay in early childhood; Developmental delay, global; Developmental retardation; GDD; Lack of psychomotor development; Motor and developmental delay; Motormental retardation; Psychomotor delay; Psychomotor development deficiency; Psychomotor development failure; Psychomotor developmental delay; Retarded development; Retarded mental development; Retarded psychomotor development","HPO_Name__c":"Global developmental delay","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Structural abnormality of the basal ganglia related to defective development.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0025102","HPO_Synonym__c":"Basal ganglia dysgenesis","HPO_Name__c":"Dysgenesis of the basal ganglia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A partial failure of the development of the corpus callosum.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001338","HPO_Synonym__c":"Corpus callosum agenesis, partial; Partial agenesis of corpus callosum; Partial corpus callosum agenesis; Partial or complete agenesis of corpus callosum; Partial to complete agenesis of corpus callosum; Partial-total agenesis of corpus callosum","HPO_Name__c":"Partial agenesis of the corpus callosum","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Underdevelopment of the brainstem.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002365","HPO_Synonym__c":"Brainstem hypoplasia; Hypoplastic brain stem; Hypoplastic brainstem; Small brainstem; Underdeveloped brainstem","HPO_Name__c":"Hypoplasia of the brainstem","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Underdevelopment of the hippocampus.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0025517","HPO_Synonym__c":"Small hippocampus; Underdeveloped hippocampus","HPO_Name__c":"Hypoplastic hippocampus","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001257","HPO_Synonym__c":"Involuntary muscle stiffness, contraction, or spasm; Muscle spasticity; Muscular spasticity","HPO_Name__c":"Spasticity","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An increase in size of the ventricular system of the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002119","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cerebral ventricular dilatation; Dilated cerebral ventricle; Dilated cerebral ventricles; Dilated ventricles; Enlarged cerebral ventricles; Enlarged ventricles; Enlarged ventricular system; Large cerebral ventricles and cisternae; Ventricular dilatation","HPO_Name__c":"Ventriculomegaly","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Pachygyria is a malformation of cortical development with abnormally wide gyri with sulci 1,5-3 cm apart and abnormally thick cortex measuring more than 5 mm (radiological definition). See also neuropathological definitions for 2-, 3-, and 4-layered lissencephaly.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001302","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cerebral pachygyria; Fewer and broader ridges in brain; Macrogyria","HPO_Name__c":"Pachygyria","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality resulting from a lack of intestinal ganglion cells (i.e., an aganglionic section of bowel) that results in bowel obstruction with enlargement of the colon.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002251","HPO_Synonym__c":"Enlarged colon lacking nerve cells; Hirschsprung megacolon","HPO_Name__c":"Aganglionic megacolon","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Infantile spasms represent a subset of \\\"epileptic spasms\\\". Infantile Spasms are epileptic spasms starting in the first year of life (infancy).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0012469","HPO_Name__c":"Infantile spasms","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Underdevelopment of the frontal part (anterior crus or anterior limb) of the internal capsule.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0034051","HPO_Name__c":"Hypoplastic anterior limbs of the internal capsule","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Underdevelopment of the vermis of cerebellum.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001320","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cerebellar vermal hypoplasia; Hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis; Hypoplastic cerebellar vermis","HPO_Name__c":"Cerebellar vermis hypoplasia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Structural abnormality of the hippocampus related to defective development.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0025101","HPO_Synonym__c":"Hippocampal dysgenesis","HPO_Name__c":"Dysgenesis of the hippocampus","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002079","HPO_Synonym__c":"Corpus callosum hypoplasia; Hypoplasia of corpus callosum; Hypoplastic corpus callosum; Underdevelopment of part of brain called corpus callosum","HPO_Name__c":"Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Absence of the corpus callosum as a result of the failure of the corpus callosum to develop, which can be the result of a failure in any one of the multiple steps of callosal development including cellular proliferation and migration, axonal growth or glial patterning at the midline.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001274","HPO_Synonym__c":"Absence of corpus callosum; Absent corpus callosum; Agenesis of the corpus callosum; Callosal agenesis; Corpus callosum agenesis; Dysplastic or absent corpus callosum","HPO_Name__c":"Agenesis of corpus callosum","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Polymicrogyria (an excessive number of small gyri or convolutions) that is maximal in perisylvian regions (the regions that surround the Sylvian fissures), which may be symmetric or asymmetric and may extend beyond perisylvian regions. The Sylvian fissures often extend posteriorly and superiorly.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0012650","HPO_Synonym__c":"Frontoparietal polymicrogyria","HPO_Name__c":"Perisylvian polymicrogyria","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Underdevelopment of the optic nerve.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000609","HPO_Synonym__c":"Hypoplastic optic nerves; Underdeveloped optic nerves","HPO_Name__c":"Optic nerve hypoplasia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Dysplasia and dysgenesis of the corpus callosum are nonspecific descriptions that imply defective development of the corpus callosum. The term dysplasia is applied when the morphology of the corpus callosum is altered as a congenital trait. For instance, the corpus callosum may be hump-shaped, kinked, or a striped corpus callosum that lacks an anatomically distinct genu and splenium.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0006989","HPO_Synonym__c":"Dysgenesis of corpus callosum; Dysplasia of corpus callosum","HPO_Name__c":"Dysplastic corpus callosum","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A bilateral tonic-clonic seizure is a seizure defined by a tonic (bilateral increased tone, lasting seconds to minutes) and then a clonic (bilateral sustained rhythmic jerking) phase.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002069","HPO_Synonym__c":"Bilateral convulsive seizures; Generalised tonic-clonic seizure (without specification of onset); Generalized convulsion; Generalized tonic-clonic seizure (without specification of onset); Grand mal; Grand mal seizures; Seizures, tonic-clonic; Tonic-clonic convulsion; Tonic-clonic convulsions","HPO_Name__c":"Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormal dilatation of the fourth cerebral ventricle.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002198","HPO_Synonym__c":"Enlarged fourth ventricle","HPO_Name__c":"Dilated fourth ventricle","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A spectrum of malformations of cortical development caused by insufficient neuronal migration that subsumes the terms agyria, pachygyria and subcortical band heterotopia. See also neuropathological definitions for 2-, 3-, and 4-layered lissencephaly.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001339","HPO_Synonym__c":"Fewer or absent grooves in brain","HPO_Name__c":"Lissencephaly","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A form of developmental hypoplasia of the mandible in which the mandible is mislocalised posteriorly.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000308","HPO_Synonym__c":"Retromicrognathia; Small retruded chin","HPO_Name__c":"Microretrognathia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A focal-onset seizure is a type of seizure originating within networks limited to one hemisphere. They may be discretely localized or more widely distributed, and may originate in subcortical structures.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0007359","HPO_Synonym__c":"Focal onset seizure; Focal seizure; Focal seizures; Focal-onset seizures; Partial seizure; Partial seizures; Seizure affecting one half of brain","HPO_Name__c":"Focal-onset seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000639","HPO_Synonym__c":"Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic eye movements","HPO_Name__c":"Nystagmus","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000486","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cross-eyed; Squint; Squint eyes","HPO_Name__c":"Strabismus","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Polymicrogyria is a congenital malformation of the cerebral cortex characterized by abnormal cortical layering (lamination) and an excessive number of small gyri (folds).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002126","HPO_Synonym__c":"More grooves in brain","HPO_Name__c":"Polymicrogyria","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:171680","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001252","HPO_Synonym__c":"Low muscle tone; Low or weak muscle tone; Muscle hypotonia; Muscular hypotonia","HPO_Name__c":"Hypotonia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}}],"tags":{"Cause":["Genetics"],"Disease Category":["Genetics","Neurology","Congenital Abnormality"],"Specialist":["Genetics","Neurology","Epilepsy","Neurodevelopmental disabilities","Pediatrics"],"Account":["Epilepsy"]},"synonyms":["lis3"," lissencephaly 3"," lissencephaly due to tuba1a (tubulin alpha 1a) mutation"," lissencephaly due to tubulin alpha 1a mutation"]}