{"Name":"Macrocephaly-autism syndrome","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0017112","id":17112,"encodedName":"macrocephaly-autism-syndrome","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Macrocephaly-autism syndrome","Xref_IDs__c":"C1854416; C565342; DOID:0060867; MEDGEN:381416; MONDO:0011537; OMIM:605309; ORPHA:210548","USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":5,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":0,"No_of_HHS_records__c":0,"World_Estimate__c":"1 to 8,000","No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":0,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":4,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":7,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":2,"Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0011537","Disease_Description__c":"An autosomal dominant disease characterized by macrocephaly, facial phenotypes including square outline with frontal bossing, 'dished-out' midface, biparietal narrowing, and long philtrum, developmental delay and autism that has material basis in heterozygous mutation in the PTEN gene on chromosome 10q23.","GARD_Name__c":"Macrocephaly-autism syndrome","GARD_Synonym__c":"macrocephaly-intellectual disability-autism syndrome; macrocephaly/autism syndrome","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"ORPHA:210548","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"A rare, genetic, neurological disease characterized by association of macrocephaly, dysmorphic facial features and psychomotor delay leading to intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Facial dysmorphism may include frontal bossing, hypertelorism, midface hypoplasia, depressed nasal bridge, short nose, and long philtrum.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"as a Newborn and as an Infant","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:210548","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Entity","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0011537","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:210548","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Síndrome de macrocefalia-discapacidad intelectual-autismo","Spanish_Description_Source__c":null,"Spanish_Description__c":null,"Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"síndrome de macrocefalia-discapacidad intelectual-autismo","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":null,"Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:93890","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"A rare, genetic, neurological disease characterized by association of macrocephaly, dysmorphic facial features and psychomotor delay leading to intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Facial dysmorphism may include frontal bossing, hypertelorism, midface hypoplasia, depressed nasal bridge, short nose, and long philtrum.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"ORPHA:210548","GARD_Synonym__c":"macrocephaly-intellectual disability-autism syndrome; macrocephaly/autism syndrome","Name":"Macrocephaly-autism syndrome","Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","estimateUsa":"1,000"}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"Organization for Autism Research","Website__c":"https://researchautism.org/"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Genetics","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Genetic diseases affect the DNA, or genetic instructions, which directs how tissues, organs, and body systems function.","curated_tag_name":"Genetic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neurology","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Neurological diseases affect the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, autonomic nerves, or other peripheral nerves.","curated_tag_name":"Neurological diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Psychiatry","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Congenital Abnormality","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category","category_description":"Birth defects are structural changes present at birth that can affect almost any part of the body, including how the body looks, works, or both.","curated_tag_name":"Birth defects"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neurodevelopmental disabilities","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist","curated_tag_name":"Neurodevelopmental disabilities"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pediatrics","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Neonatal","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Infancy","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://www.omim.org/entry/605309","Source__c":"C1854416; MONDO:0011537; ORPHA:210548","Xref__c":"OMIM:605309"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=381416","Source__c":"C1854416","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:381416"},{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C1854416","Source__c":"C1854416","Xref__c":"C1854416"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/doid/classes?obo_id=DOID%3A0060867","Source__c":"MONDO:0011537","Xref__c":"DOID:0060867"},{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/210548","Source__c":"C1854416; MONDO:0011537","Xref__c":"ORPHA:210548"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/C565342","Source__c":"MONDO:0011537","Xref__c":"C565342"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011537","Source__c":"GARD:0017112","Xref__c":"MONDO:0011537"}],"GARD_Disease_Gene__c":[{"GeneSymbol__c":"PTEN","GHR_URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/pten","Gene_Type__c":"protein-coding gene","Causal_Gene__c":true}],"Inheritance__c":["Autosomal dominant"],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A kind of polydactyly characterized by the presence of a supernumerary toe or toes.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001829","HPO_Synonym__c":"Duplication of bones of the toes; Polydactyly of feet; Polydactyly of the foot","HPO_Name__c":"Foot polydactyly","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A kind of thyroid adenoma characterized by the presence of oxyphil cells.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0006781","HPO_Name__c":"Hurthle cell thyroid adenoma","Feature_System__c":"Endocrine System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Supernumerary digits located at the radial side of the hand. Polydactyly (supernumerary digits) involving the thumb occurs in many distinct forms of high variability and severity. Ranging from fleshy nubbins over varying degrees of partial duplication/splitting to completely duplicated or even triplicated thumbs or preaxial (on the radial side of the hand) supernumerary digits.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001177","HPO_Synonym__c":"Extra thumb; Polydactyly affecting the thumb; Preaxial polydactyly of hands; Supernumerary thumb; thumb polydactyly","HPO_Name__c":"Preaxial hand polydactyly","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of multiple lipomas (a type of benign tissue made of fatty tissue).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001012","HPO_Synonym__c":"Lipomata; Multiple fatty lumps","HPO_Name__c":"Multiple lipomas","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Cafe-au-lait spots are hyperpigmented lesions that can vary in color from light brown to dark brown with smooth borders and having a size of 1.5 cm or more in adults and 0.5 cm or more in children.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000957","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cafe au lait spots; Cafe-au-lait macule; Cafe-au-lait macules","HPO_Name__c":"Cafe-au-lait spot","Feature_System__c":"Skin System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001252","HPO_Synonym__c":"Low muscle tone; Low or weak muscle tone; Muscle hypotonia; Muscular hypotonia","HPO_Name__c":"Hypotonia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) manifests at age 2-3 years or by first grade at the latest. The main symptoms are distractibility, impulsivity, hyperactivity, and often trouble organizing tasks and projects, difficulty going to sleep, and social problems from being aggressive, loud, or impatient.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0007018","HPO_Synonym__c":"ADHD; Attention deficit; Attention deficit disorder; Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder; Attention deficits; Childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder","HPO_Name__c":"Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001250","HPO_Synonym__c":"Epileptic seizure; Seizures","HPO_Name__c":"Seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Lymphoid nodular hyperplasia (LNH) of the terminal ileum and colon has been considered a mucosal response to nonspecific stimuli, most often infections, and consequently has been regarded as a pathophysiologic phenomenon during infancy and childhood. LNH can be ascertained by colonoscopy, whereby a lymphoid nodule is defined as an extruding follicle with a diameter of not more than 2 mm, and LNH is defined as a cluster of not more than 10 of such extruding lymphoid nodules (see Figure 1 of PMID:17368236).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0032203","HPO_Synonym__c":"Lymphonodular hyperplasia of the colon","HPO_Name__c":"Lymphoid nodular hyperplasia","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Steatosis is a term used to denote lipid accumulation within hepatocytes.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001397","HPO_Synonym__c":"Fatty infiltration of liver; Fatty liver; Liver steatosis; Steatosis","HPO_Name__c":"Hepatic steatosis","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The term intellectual disability or intellectual developmental disorder is used to describe significantly sub-average intellectual and adaptive functioning based on clinical assessment and as measured by individually administered, appropriately normed, standardized and validated tests of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001249","HPO_Synonym__c":"Intellectual disability; Mental deficiency; Mental retardation; Mental retardation, nonspecific; Mental-retardation; Nonprogressive intellectual disability; Nonprogressive mental retardation","HPO_Name__c":"Intellectual disability","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Posterior positions and/or vertical shortening of the infraorbital and perialar regions, or increased concavity of the face and/or reduced nasolabial angle.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0011800","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased size of midface; Flat midface; Hypoplasia of midface; Midface deficiency; Midface hypoplasia; Midface retrusion; Midface, flat; Retrusive midface; Underdevelopment of midface","HPO_Name__c":"Midface retrusion","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Occipitofrontal (head) circumference greater than 97th centile compared to appropriate, age matched, sex-matched normal standards. Alternatively, a apparently increased size of the cranium.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000256","HPO_Synonym__c":"Increased size of cranium; Increased size of skull; Large head; Large head circumference; Macrocephalus; Macrocrania; Megacephaly","HPO_Name__c":"Macrocephaly","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of a carcinoma of the thyroid gland.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002890","HPO_Name__c":"Thyroid carcinoma","Feature_System__c":"Endocrine System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001054","HPO_Synonym__c":"Multiple pigmented nevi; Numerous moles","HPO_Name__c":"Numerous nevi","Feature_System__c":"Skin System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Persistent deficits in social interaction and communication and interaction as well as a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest as well as repetitive patterns of behavior.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000729","HPO_Synonym__c":"ASD; Pervasive developmental disorder","HPO_Name__c":"Autistic behavior","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Distance from nasion to subnasale more than two standard deviations below the mean, or alternatively, an apparently decreased length from the nasal root to the nasal tip.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003196","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased length of nose; Hypoplastic nose; Nasal hypoplasia; Short nose; Shortened nose","HPO_Name__c":"Short nose","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001270","HPO_Synonym__c":"Delay in development of motor milestones; Delay in motor development; Delayed development of motor milestones; Delayed early motor milestones; Delayed motor development; Delayed motor milestones; Locomotor delay; Motor developmental delay; Motor developmental milestones not achieved; Motor retardation; Retarded motor development; Slow development of motor milestones","HPO_Name__c":"Motor delay","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0005280","HPO_Synonym__c":"Depressed bridge of nose; Depressed nasal bridge; Depressed nasal root; Flat bridge of nose; Flat nasal bridge; Flat nasal root; Flat, nasal bridge; Flattened nasal bridge; Low nasal bridge; Low nasal root; Retruded bridge of nose; Retruded nasal bridge","HPO_Name__c":"Depressed nasal bridge","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Bilateral bulging of the lateral frontal bone prominences with relative sparing of the midline.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002007","HPO_Synonym__c":"Frontal protuberance; Skull bossing","HPO_Name__c":"Frontal bossing","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Interpupillary distance more than 2 SD above the mean (alternatively, the appearance of an increased interpupillary distance or widely spaced eyes).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000316","HPO_Synonym__c":"Excessive orbital separation; Increased distance between eye sockets; Increased distance between eyes; Increased interpupillary distance; Ocular hypertelorism; Wide-set eyes; Widely spaced eyes; Widened interpupillary distance","HPO_Name__c":"Hypertelorism","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of multiple polyps in the intestine.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0200008","HPO_Synonym__c":"Multiple intestinal polyps","HPO_Name__c":"Intestinal polyposis","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Multiple pigmented macules located on the skin of the penis.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0031447","HPO_Name__c":"Penile freckling","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210548","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000750","HPO_Synonym__c":"Deficiency of speech development; Delayed language development; Delayed speech; Delayed speech acquisition; Delayed speech and language development; Delayed speech development; Impaired speech and language development; Impaired speech development; Language delay; Language delayed; Language development deficit; Late-onset speech development; Poor language development; Speech and language delay; Speech and language difficulties; Speech delay","HPO_Name__c":"Delayed speech and language development","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}}],"tags":{"Cause":["Genetics"],"Disease Category":["Genetics","Neurology","Congenital Abnormality"],"Specialist":["Genetics","Neurology","Psychiatry","Neurodevelopmental disabilities","Pediatrics"]},"synonyms":["macrocephaly-intellectual disability-autism syndrome"," macrocephaly/autism syndrome"]}