{"Name":"Congenital microcephaly - severe encephalopathy - progressive cerebral atrophy syndrome","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0017617","id":17617,"encodedName":"congenital-microcephaly-severe-encephalopathy-progressive-cerebral-atrophy-syndrome","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Congenital microcephaly - severe encephalopathy - progressive cerebral atrophy syndrome","Xref_IDs__c":"C168586; C3809971; MEDGEN:816301; MONDO:0014258; OMIM:615574; ORPHA:391376","USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":3,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":0,"No_of_HHS_records__c":1,"World_Estimate__c":"1 to 8,000","No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":1,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":4,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":6,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":2,"Description_Source__c":"ORPHA:391376","Disease_Description__c":"Congenital microcephaly-severe encephalopathy-progressive cerebral atrophy syndrome is a rare, genetic, neurometabolic disorder characterized by severe, progressive microcephaly, severe to profound global development delay, intellectual disability, seizures (typically tonic and/or myoclonic and frequently intractable), hyperekplexia, and axial hypotonia with appendicular spasticity, as well as hyperreflexia, dyskinetic quadriplegia, and abnormal brain morphology (cerebral atrophy with variable additional features including ventriculomeglay, pons and/or cerebellar hypoplasia, simplified gyral pattern and delayed myelination). Cortical blindness, feeding difficulties and respiratory insufficiency may also be associated.","GARD_Name__c":"Congenital microcephaly - severe encephalopathy - progressive cerebral atrophy syndrome","GARD_Synonym__c":"asns deficiency; asparagine synthetase deficiency; congenital microcephaly-severe encephalopathy-progressive cerebral atrophy syndrome; congenital microcephaly, severe encephalopathy, progressive cerebral atrophy syndrome","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"PlainLanguagePilotV2-Jan24","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Congenital microcephaly-severe encephalopathy-progressive cerebral atrophy syndrome is a rare genetic condition that affects the brain. It is characterized by a small head, severe developmental delays, and intellectual disability. This condition causes seizures, and hyperekplexia. Hyperekplexia is an atypical strong and quick reaction to sudden noises or movement. Other symptoms include muscle and movement issues. These include weak muscle tone (axial hypotonia). This can also cause increased muscle tone and stiffness in the arms and legs (appendicular spasticity). Other symptoms include overactive reflexes (hyperreflexia). This condition can also cause uncontrollable movements throughout the body (dyskinetic quadriplegia). This syndrome can also cause vision, feeding, and breathing difficulties.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"as a Newborn and as an Infant","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:391376","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Entity","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0014258","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:391376","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Síndrome de microcefalia congénita-encefalopatía grave-atrofia cerebral progresiva","Spanish_Description_Source__c":null,"Spanish_Description__c":null,"Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"síndrome de microcefalia congénita-encefalopatía grave-atrofia cerebral progresiva","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":"deficiencia de asparagina sintetasa","Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:98006","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Congenital microcephaly-severe encephalopathy-progressive cerebral atrophy syndrome is a rare genetic condition that affects the brain. It is characterized by a small head, severe developmental delays, and intellectual disability. This condition causes seizures, and hyperekplexia. Hyperekplexia is an atypical strong and quick reaction to sudden noises or movement. Other symptoms include muscle and movement issues. These include weak muscle tone (axial hypotonia). This can also cause increased muscle tone and stiffness in the arms and legs (appendicular spasticity). Other symptoms include overactive reflexes (hyperreflexia). This condition can also cause uncontrollable movements throughout the body (dyskinetic quadriplegia). This syndrome can also cause vision, feeding, and breathing difficulties.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"PlainLanguagePilotV2-Jan24","GARD_Synonym__c":"asns deficiency; asparagine synthetase deficiency; congenital microcephaly-severe encephalopathy-progressive cerebral atrophy syndrome; congenital microcephaly, severe encephalopathy, progressive cerebral atrophy syndrome","Name":"Congenital microcephaly - severe encephalopathy - progressive cerebral atrophy s","Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","estimateUsa":"1,000"}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"Metabolic Support UK","Website__c":"https://www.metabolicsupportuk.org"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Genetics","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Genetic diseases affect the DNA, or genetic instructions, which directs how tissues, organs, and body systems function.","curated_tag_name":"Genetic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neurology","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Neurological diseases affect the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, autonomic nerves, or other peripheral nerves.","curated_tag_name":"Neurological diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Inborn Errors of Metabolism","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category","category_description":"Inherited metabolic diseases, or inborn errors of metabolism, are a group of genetic diseases that affect the ability of the body's cells to convert food into energy.","curated_tag_name":"Inherited metabolic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pediatrics","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Infancy","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:391376"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Neonatal","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:391376"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525916","Source__c":"Gene Review","Xref__c":"NBK525916"},{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/391376","Source__c":"C3809971; MONDO:0014258; ORPHA:391376","Xref__c":"ORPHA:391376"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=816301","Source__c":"C3809971","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:816301"},{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C3809971","Source__c":"C3809971","Xref__c":"C3809971"},{"URL__c":"https://www.omim.org/entry/615574","Source__c":"C3809971; MONDO:0014258; ORPHA:391376","Xref__c":"OMIM:615574"},{"URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/asparagine-synthetase-deficiency","Source__c":"GARD:0017617","Xref__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/asparagine-synthetase-deficiency"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=782757004","Source__c":"C3809971","Xref__c":"782757004"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0014258","Source__c":"GARD:0017617","Xref__c":"MONDO:0014258"},{"URL__c":"https://evsexplore.semantics.cancer.gov/evsexplore/concept/ncit/C168586","Source__c":"C3809971","Xref__c":"C168586"}],"GARD_Disease_Gene__c":[{"GeneSymbol__c":"ASNS","GHR_URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/asns","Gene_Type__c":"protein-coding gene","Causal_Gene__c":true}],"Inheritance__c":["Autosomal recessive"],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0011968","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased oral intake; Feeding difficulties; Feeding problems; Poor feeding","HPO_Name__c":"Feeding difficulties","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002340","HPO_Synonym__c":"Caudate degeneration","HPO_Name__c":"Caudate atrophy","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Spastic paralysis affecting all four limbs.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002510","HPO_Synonym__c":"Spastic quadriplegia","HPO_Name__c":"Spastic tetraplegia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormal restriction of fetal growth with fetal weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001511","HPO_Synonym__c":"Fetal growth restriction; FGR; In utero growth retardation; Intrauterine growth failure; Intrauterine growth restriction; Intrauterine growth retardation, IUGR; Intrauterine retardation; IUGR; Prenatal growth deficiency; Prenatal growth failure; Prenatal growth retardation; Prenatal onset growth retardation; Prenatal-onset growth retardation; Small for gestational age infant","HPO_Name__c":"Intrauterine growth retardation","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Unlocalized atrophy of the brain with decreased total brain matter volume and increased ventricular size.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002283","HPO_Synonym__c":"Diffuse brain atrophy; Generalized brain atrophy; Generalized brain degeneration; Generalized cerebral atrophy","HPO_Name__c":"Global brain atrophy","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The pinna has fewer folds and grooves than usual.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0020206","HPO_Name__c":"Simple ear","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Underdevelopment of the pons.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0012110","HPO_Synonym__c":"Pontine hypoplasia","HPO_Name__c":"Hypoplasia of the pons","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0005274","HPO_Synonym__c":"Large nasal tip; Large tip of nose; Prominent nasal tip; Prominent tip of nose; Pronounced nasal tip; Pronounced tip of nose","HPO_Name__c":"Prominent nasal tip","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A severe delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0011344","HPO_Synonym__c":"Global developmental delay, severe","HPO_Name__c":"Severe global developmental delay","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Cerebellar hypoplasia is a descriptive term implying a cerebellum with a reduced volume, but a normal shape and is stable over time.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001321","HPO_Synonym__c":"Congenital cerebellar hypoplasia; Hypoplasia of cerebellum; Hypoplastic cerebellum; Small cerebellum; Underdeveloped cerebellum","HPO_Name__c":"Cerebellar hypoplasia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Blindness is the condition of lacking visual perception defined as a profound reduction in visual perception. On the 6m visual acuity scale, blindness is defined as less than 3/60. On the 20ft visual acuity scale, blindness is defined as less than 20/400. On the decimal visual acuity scale, blindness is defined as less than 0.05. Blindness is typically characterized by a visual field of no greater than 10 degrees in radius around central fixation.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000618","HPO_Synonym__c":"Blindness; Total vision loss","HPO_Name__c":"Blindness","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A clonic seizure is a type of motor seizure characterized by sustained rhythmic jerking, that is regularly repetitive.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0020221","HPO_Name__c":"Clonic seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormal reduction in quantity or strength of fetal movements.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001558","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased fetal activity; Decreased fetal movements; Decreased movement in utero; Dminished fetal movement; Fetal hypokinesia; Less than 10 fetal movements in 12 hours; Reduced fetal movement; Reduced fetal movements","HPO_Name__c":"Decreased fetal movement","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the cerebral cortex with fewer gyri but with normal cortical thickness. This pattern is usually often associated with congenital microcephaly.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0009879","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cortical gyral simplification","HPO_Name__c":"Simplified gyral pattern","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Underdevelopment of the corpus callosum.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002079","HPO_Synonym__c":"Corpus callosum hypoplasia; Hypoplasia of corpus callosum; Hypoplastic corpus callosum; Underdevelopment of part of brain called corpus callosum","HPO_Name__c":"Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001347","HPO_Synonym__c":"Increased deep tendon reflexes; Increased reflexes","HPO_Name__c":"Hyperreflexia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormally low volume of the white matter of the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0034295","HPO_Name__c":"Reduced cerebral white matter volume","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A manifest or latent ocular deviation in which one or both eyes tends to deviate nasally.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0020045","HPO_Synonym__c":"Convergent squint; Convergent strabismus","HPO_Name__c":"Esodeviation","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A form of loss of vision caused by damage to the visual cortex rather than a defect in the eye.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0100704","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cortical blindness; Cortical visual impairment; Cortical/cerebral visual impairment; CVI","HPO_Name__c":"Cerebral visual impairment","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A condition in which there is increased muscle tone so that arms or legs, for example, are stiff and difficult to move.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001276","HPO_Synonym__c":"Hypertonicity; Increased muscle tone","HPO_Name__c":"Hypertonia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001176","HPO_Synonym__c":"Disproportionately large hands; large hand; Large hands","HPO_Name__c":"Large hands","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Encephalopathy is a term that means brain disease, damage, or malfunction. In general, encephalopathy is manifested by an altered mental state.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001298","HPO_Name__c":"Encephalopathy","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002093","HPO_Synonym__c":"Respiratory impairment","HPO_Name__c":"Respiratory insufficiency","Feature_System__c":"Respiratory system","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Delayed myelination.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0012448","HPO_Name__c":"Delayed myelination","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and sex at birth.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0011451","HPO_Synonym__c":"Congenital decreased head circumference; Congenital microcephaly; Congenital small skull; Decreased head circumference present at birth; Microcephaly present at birth; Small cranium present at birth","HPO_Name__c":"Primary microcephaly","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement about a joint axis.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001337","HPO_Synonym__c":"Tremor; Tremors","HPO_Name__c":"Tremor","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001263","HPO_Synonym__c":"Delayed cognitive development; Delayed development; Delayed developmental milestones; Delayed intellectual development; Delayed milestones; Delayed psychomotor development; Developmental delay; Developmental delay in early childhood; Developmental delay, global; Developmental retardation; GDD; Lack of psychomotor development; Motor and developmental delay; Motormental retardation; Psychomotor delay; Psychomotor development deficiency; Psychomotor development failure; Psychomotor developmental delay; Retarded development; Retarded mental development; Retarded psychomotor development","HPO_Name__c":"Global developmental delay","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An increase in size of the third ventricle.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0007082","HPO_Name__c":"Dilated third ventricle","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and sex.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000252","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormally small cranium; Abnormally small skull; Decreased circumference of cranium; Decreased size of cranium; Decreased size of skull; Reduced head circumference; small cranium; Small head circumference","HPO_Name__c":"Microcephaly","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002509","HPO_Synonym__c":"Appendicular hypertonia; Increased muscle tone of arm or leg","HPO_Name__c":"Limb hypertonia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Median longitudinal ear length greater than two standard deviations above the mean and median ear width greater than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, apparent increase in length and width of the pinna (subjective).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000400","HPO_Synonym__c":"Large ears; Large pinnae","HPO_Name__c":"Macrotia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001508","HPO_Synonym__c":"Faltering weight; FTT; Postnatal failure to thrive; Weight faltering","HPO_Name__c":"Failure to thrive","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of developmental dysplasia of the cerebral cortex.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002539","HPO_Synonym__c":"Neocortical dysplasia","HPO_Name__c":"Cortical dysplasia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormal dilatation of the fourth cerebral ventricle.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002198","HPO_Synonym__c":"Enlarged fourth ventricle","HPO_Name__c":"Dilated fourth ventricle","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Underdevelopment of the vermis of cerebellum.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001320","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cerebellar vermal hypoplasia; Hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis; Hypoplastic cerebellar vermis","HPO_Name__c":"Cerebellar vermis hypoplasia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A condition in which the stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002020","HPO_Synonym__c":"Acid reflux; Acid reflux disease; Gastro-esophageal reflux; Gastroesophageal reflux disease; GERD; GORD; Heartburn","HPO_Name__c":"Gastroesophageal reflux","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An emotional state characterized by negative feelings of heightened frustration, annoyance, or feeling upset, often triggered by internal factors (e.g., fatigue, hunger, unfulfilled desires) or external factors (e.g., social or environmental challenges). Irritability may be unpredictable, and is accompanied by a lowered threshold for emotional reactivity and observable features (speech, facial expressions, or psychomotor activity).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000737","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cranky; Easily annoyed; Easily bothered; Easily upset; Grumpy; Hot-temper; Irritability; Irritable; Irritable mood; On edge; Quick-temper; Short fuse; Short tempered","HPO_Name__c":"Irritability","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A series of rhythmic and involuntary muscle contractions (at a frequency of about 5 to 7 Hz) that occur in response to an abruptly applied and sustained stretch.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002169","HPO_Synonym__c":"Involuntary rhythmic muscular contractions and relaxations","HPO_Name__c":"Clonus","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Interpupillary distance more than 2 SD above the mean (alternatively, the appearance of an increased interpupillary distance or widely spaced eyes).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000316","HPO_Synonym__c":"Excessive orbital separation; Increased distance between eye sockets; Increased distance between eyes; Increased interpupillary distance; Ocular hypertelorism; Wide-set eyes; Widely spaced eyes; Widened interpupillary distance","HPO_Name__c":"Hypertelorism","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An increase in size of the ventricular system of the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002119","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cerebral ventricular dilatation; Dilated cerebral ventricle; Dilated cerebral ventricles; Dilated ventricles; Enlarged cerebral ventricles; Enlarged ventricles; Enlarged ventricular system; Large cerebral ventricles and cisternae; Ventricular dilatation","HPO_Name__c":"Ventriculomegaly","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An exaggerated startle reaction in response to a sudden unexpected visual or acoustic stimulus, or a quick movement near the face.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002267","HPO_Synonym__c":"Exaggerated acoustic startle response; Increased startle response","HPO_Name__c":"Exaggerated startle response","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) affecting the musculature of the trunk.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0008936","HPO_Synonym__c":"Low muscle tone in trunk; Muscular hypotonia of the trunk; Truncal hypotonia","HPO_Name__c":"Axial hypotonia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Progressive microcephaly is diagnosed when the head circumference falls progressively behind age- and sex-dependent norms.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000253","HPO_Synonym__c":"Microcephaly, postnatal, progressive; Microcephaly, progressive; Progressively abnormally small cranium; Progressively abnormally small skull","HPO_Name__c":"Progressive microcephaly","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An intermittent cessation of airflow at the mouth and nose during sleep is known as sleep apnea. Apneas that last at least 10 seconds are considered significant, but individuals with sleep apnea may experience apneas lasting from 20 seconds up to 2 or 3 minutes. Patients may have up to 15 events per hour of sleep.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0010535","HPO_Synonym__c":"Pauses in breathing while sleeping; Sleep apnea; Sleep apnoea","HPO_Name__c":"Sleep apnea","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Underdevelopment of the optic nerve.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000609","HPO_Synonym__c":"Hypoplastic optic nerves; Underdeveloped optic nerves","HPO_Name__c":"Optic nerve hypoplasia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The burst suppression pattern in electroencephalography refers to a characteristic periodic pattern of low voltage (<10 microvolts) suppressed background and a relatively shorter pattern of higher amplitude slow, sharp, and spiking complexes.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0010851","HPO_Name__c":"EEG with burst suppression","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Procedure_EEG"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A congenital failure of muscular development of part or all of one or both hemidiaphragms, resulting in superior displacement of abdominal viscera and altered lung development.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0009110","HPO_Name__c":"Diaphragmatic eventration","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A decreased amount of asparagine in the blood.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0500157","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased blood asparagine concentration; Low blood asparagine levels","HPO_Name__c":"Hypoasparaginemia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000347","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased size of lower jaw; Decreased size of mandible; Hypoplasia of lower jaw; Hypoplasia of mandible; Hypoplastic mandible; Hypoplastic mandible condyle; Hypotrophic lower jaw; Hypotrophic mandible; Little lower jaw; Little mandible; Lower jaw deficiency; Lower jaw hypoplasia; Mandibular deficiency; Mandibular hypoplasia; Mandibular micrognathia; Micrognathia of lower jaw; Micromandible; Robin mandible; Severe hypoplasia of mandible; Small jaw; Small lower jaw; Small mandible; Underdevelopment of lower jaw; Underdevelopment of mandible","HPO_Name__c":"Micrognathia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormally thin corpus callous, due to atrophy, hypoplasia or agenesis. This term is intended to be used in situations where it is not known if thinning of the corpus callosum (for instance, as visualized by magnetic resonance tomography) is due to abnormal development (e.g. a leukodystrophy) or atrophy following normal development (e.g. neurodegeneration).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0033725","HPO_Synonym__c":"Small corpus callosum; Thinning of the corpus callosum","HPO_Name__c":"Thin corpus callosum","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Increased back to front length of the foot.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001833","HPO_Synonym__c":"Disproportionately large feet; large feet; long feet; Long foot","HPO_Name__c":"Long foot","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Hypsarrhythmia is abnormal interictal high amplitude waves and a background of irregular spikes. There is continuous (during wakefulness), high-amplitude (>200 Hz), generalized polymorphic slowing with no organized background and multifocal spikes demonstrated by electroencephalography (EEG).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002521","HPO_Synonym__c":"Hypsarrhythmia by EEG","HPO_Name__c":"Hypsarrhythmia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Procedure_EEG"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A profound delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0012736","HPO_Synonym__c":"Global developmental delay, profound","HPO_Name__c":"Profound global developmental delay","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Birth at 32 to 36 completed weeks of gestation.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0025664","HPO_Name__c":"Moderate to late preterm birth","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001252","HPO_Synonym__c":"Low muscle tone; Low or weak muscle tone; Muscle hypotonia; Muscular hypotonia","HPO_Name__c":"Hypotonia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001250","HPO_Synonym__c":"Epileptic seizure; Seizures","HPO_Name__c":"Seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Inclination of the anterior surface of the forehead from the vertical more than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or apparently excessive posterior sloping of the forehead in a lateral view.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000340","HPO_Synonym__c":"Inclined forehead; Posteriorly sloping forehead; Receding forehead; Sloping forehead","HPO_Name__c":"Sloping forehead","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"OMIM:615574","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Underdevelopment of the brainstem.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002365","HPO_Synonym__c":"Brainstem hypoplasia; Hypoplastic brain stem; Hypoplastic brainstem; Small brainstem; Underdeveloped brainstem","HPO_Name__c":"Hypoplasia of the brainstem","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}}],"tags":{"Cause":["Genetics","Inborn Errors of Metabolism"],"Disease Category":["Genetics","Neurology","Inborn Errors of Metabolism"],"Specialist":["Genetics","Neurology","Pediatrics"]},"synonyms":["asns deficiency"," asparagine synthetase deficiency"," congenital microcephaly-severe encephalopathy-progressive cerebral atrophy syndrome"," congenital microcephaly, severe encephalopathy, progressive cerebral atrophy syndrome"]}