{"Name":"Gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase deficiency","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0000194","id":194,"encodedName":"gamma-aminobutyric-acid-transaminase-deficiency","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase deficiency","Xref_IDs__c":"237941007; C0342708; C535407; DOID:0060174; MEDGEN:137977; MONDO:0013166; OMIM:613163; ORPHA:2066","USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":4,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":0,"No_of_HHS_records__c":1,"World_Estimate__c":"1 to 8,000","No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":1,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":5,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":7,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":2,"Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0013166","Disease_Description__c":"A rare disorder of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism characterized by a severe neonatal-infantile epileptic encephalopathy (manifesting with symptoms such as seizures, hypotonia, hyperreflexia and developmental delay) and growth acceleration.","GARD_Name__c":"Gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase deficiency","GARD_Synonym__c":"4 alpha aminobutyrate transaminase deficiency; gaba aminotransaminase deficiency; gaba aminotransferase deficiency; gaba transaminase deficiency; gabatd; gamma aminobutyrate transaminase deficiency; gamma-amino butyric acid transaminase deficiency","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0000194","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"GABA-transaminase deficiency is a brain disease (encephalopathy) that begins in infancy. Babies with this disorder have recurrent seizures (epilepsy), uncontrolled limb movements (choreoathetosis), exaggerated reflexes (hyperreflexia), weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and excessive sleepiness (hypersomnolence). Affected babies may grow faster in length than usual (accelerated linear growth), even though they have feeding problems and may not gain weight as quickly as expected (failure to thrive). Children with GABA-transaminase deficiency have profoundly impaired development. Most do not achieve normal developmental milestones of infancy such as following others' movement with their eyes or sitting unassisted. Individuals with this disorder usually do not survive past the first 2 years of life, but some live longer into childhood.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"as a Newborn and as an Infant","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:2066","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Entity","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0013166","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:2066","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Deficiencia de ácido gamma aminobutírico transaminasa","Spanish_Description_Source__c":"ORPHA:2066","Spanish_Description__c":"La deficiencia de ácido gamma-aminobutírico transaminasa (GABA-T) es un trastorno extremamente raro del metabolismo de GABA caracterizado por una encefalopatía epiléptica neonatal-infantil grave (que se manifiesta con síntomas tales como convulsiones, hipotonía, hiperreflexia y retraso del desarrollo) y una aceleración del crecimiento.","Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"deficiencia de ácido gamma aminobutírico transaminasa","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":"deficiencia de gaba transaminasa","Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:68367","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"GABA-transaminase deficiency is a brain disease (encephalopathy) that begins in infancy. Babies with this disorder have recurrent seizures (epilepsy), uncontrolled limb movements (choreoathetosis), exaggerated reflexes (hyperreflexia), weak muscle tone (hypotonia), and excessive sleepiness (hypersomnolence). Affected babies may grow faster in length than usual (accelerated linear growth), even though they have feeding problems and may not gain weight as quickly as expected (failure to thrive). Children with GABA-transaminase deficiency have profoundly impaired development. Most do not achieve normal developmental milestones of infancy such as following others' movement with their eyes or sitting unassisted. Individuals with this disorder usually do not survive past the first 2 years of life, but some live longer into childhood.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0000194","GARD_Synonym__c":"4 alpha aminobutyrate transaminase deficiency; gaba aminotransaminase deficiency; gaba aminotransferase deficiency; gaba transaminase deficiency; gabatd; gamma aminobutyrate transaminase deficiency; gamma-amino butyric acid transaminase deficiency","Name":"Gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase deficiency","Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","estimateUsa":"1,000"}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"Metabolic Support UK","Website__c":"https://www.metabolicsupportuk.org"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Genetics","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Genetic diseases affect the DNA, or genetic instructions, which directs how tissues, organs, and body systems function.","curated_tag_name":"Genetic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neurology","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Neurological diseases affect the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, autonomic nerves, or other peripheral nerves.","curated_tag_name":"Neurological diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Inborn Errors of Metabolism","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category","category_description":"Inherited metabolic diseases, or inborn errors of metabolism, are a group of genetic diseases that affect the ability of the body's cells to convert food into energy.","curated_tag_name":"Inherited metabolic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Epilepsy","Tag_Category__c":"Account;Specialist","curated_tag_name":"Epilepsy"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pediatrics","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Infancy","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Neonatal","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066"}],"Diagnosis__c":[{"Type__c":"GTR","Curie__c":"MEDGEN:C0342708"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://raresource.nih.gov/diseases/filter/0000194","Source__c":"RareSource"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK487393","Source__c":"Gene Review","Xref__c":"NBK487393"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/C535407","Source__c":"MONDO:0013166","Xref__c":"C535407"},{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0342708","Source__c":"C0342708","Xref__c":"C0342708"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=237941007","Source__c":"C0342708; MONDO:0013166","Xref__c":"237941007"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/doid/classes?obo_id=DOID%3A0060174","Source__c":"MONDO:0013166","Xref__c":"DOID:0060174"},{"URL__c":"https://www.omim.org/entry/613163","Source__c":"C0342708; MONDO:0013166; ORPHA:2066","Xref__c":"OMIM:613163"},{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/2066","Source__c":"C0342708; MONDO:0013166; ORPHA:2066","Xref__c":"ORPHA:2066"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=137977","Source__c":"C0342708","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:137977"},{"URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gaba-transaminase-deficiency","Source__c":"GARD:0000194","Xref__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/gaba-transaminase-deficiency"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0013166","Source__c":"GARD:0000194","Xref__c":"MONDO:0013166"}],"GARD_Disease_Gene__c":[{"GeneSymbol__c":"ABAT","GHR_URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/abat","Gene_Type__c":"protein-coding gene","Causal_Gene__c":true}],"Inheritance__c":["Autosomal recessive"],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A height above that which is expected according to age and sex norms.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000098","HPO_Synonym__c":"Accelerated linear growth; Increased body height; Increased linear growth; Tall stature","HPO_Name__c":"Tall stature","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A type of crying in an abnormally high-pitched voice.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0025430","HPO_Name__c":"High-pitched cry","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001250","HPO_Synonym__c":"Epileptic seizure; Seizures","HPO_Name__c":"Seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Hyperreflexia is the presence of hyperactive stretch reflexes of the muscles.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001347","HPO_Synonym__c":"Increased deep tendon reflexes; Increased reflexes","HPO_Name__c":"Hyperreflexia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A state of fatigue, either physical or mental slowness and sluggishness, with difficulties in initiating or performing simple tasks. Distinguished from apathy which implies indifference and a lack of desire or interest in the task. A person with lethargy may have the desire, but not the energy to engage in personal or socially relevant tasks.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001254","HPO_Synonym__c":"Dullness; Inaction; Inactivity; Languor; Lethargy; Slowness; Torpor","HPO_Name__c":"Lethargy","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001252","HPO_Synonym__c":"Low muscle tone; Low or weak muscle tone; Muscle hypotonia; Muscular hypotonia","HPO_Name__c":"Hypotonia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Involuntary movements characterized by both athetosis (inability to sustain muscles in a fixed position) and chorea (widespread jerky arrhythmic movements).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001266","HPO_Synonym__c":"Choreoathetoid movements","HPO_Name__c":"Choreoathetosis","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormality of the corpus callosum.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001273","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal corpus callosum; Abnormality of the corpus callosum; Corpus callosum abnormality","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal corpus callosum morphology","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Acromegaly is a condition resulting from overproduction of growth hormone by the pituitary gland in persons with closed epiphyses, and consists chiefly in the enlargement of the distal parts of the body. The circumference of the skull increases, the nose becomes broad, the tongue becomes enlarged, the facial features become coarsened, the mandible grows excessively, and the teeth become separated. The fingers and toes grow chiefly in thickness.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000845","HPO_Synonym__c":"Elevated circulating somatotropin concentration; Growth hormone excess; Somatotropin excess","HPO_Name__c":"Elevated circulating growth hormone concentration","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Endocrine System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Defective structure and function of myelin sheaths of the white matter of the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0007266","HPO_Synonym__c":"Areas of dysmyelination on MRI; Dysmyelination of the brain","HPO_Name__c":"Cerebral dysmyelination","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Impaired feeding performance of an infant as manifested by difficulties such as weak and ineffective sucking, brief bursts of sucking, and falling asleep during sucking. There may be difficulties with chewing or maintaining attention.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0008872","HPO_Name__c":"Feeding difficulties in infancy","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Atrophy (wasting, decrease in size of cells or tissue) affecting the cerebrum.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002059","HPO_Synonym__c":"Degeneration of cerebrum","HPO_Name__c":"Cerebral atrophy","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Cerebellar atrophy is defined as a cerebellum with initially normal structures, in a posterior fossa with normal size, which displays enlarged fissures (interfolial spaces) in comparison to the foliae secondary to loss of tissue. Cerebellar atrophy implies irreversible loss of tissue and result from an ongoing progressive disease until a final stage is reached or a single injury, e.g. an intoxication or infectious event.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001272","HPO_Synonym__c":"Atrophic cerebellum; Degeneration of cerebellum","HPO_Name__c":"Cerebellar atrophy","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0032531","HPO_Synonym__c":"Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) high in CSF","HPO_Name__c":"Elevated CSF gamma-aminobutyric acid concentration","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0007272","HPO_Synonym__c":"Progressive mental and motor deterioration","HPO_Name__c":"Progressive psychomotor deterioration","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An increase in the level of Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the blood circulation.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0410053","HPO_Synonym__c":"Increased circulating GABA concentration; Increased level of GABA in serum; Increased level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in serum","HPO_Name__c":"Elevated circulating gamma-aminobutyric acid concentration","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001508","HPO_Synonym__c":"Faltering weight; FTT; Postnatal failure to thrive; Weight faltering","HPO_Name__c":"Failure to thrive","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Elevated concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the urine.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0500253","HPO_Synonym__c":"Increased urinary excretion of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)","HPO_Name__c":"Increased level of gamma-aminobutyric acid in urine","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A severe delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0011344","HPO_Synonym__c":"Global developmental delay, severe","HPO_Name__c":"Severe global developmental delay","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormality observed by electroencephalogram (EEG), which is used to record of the brain's spontaneous electrical activity from multiple electrodes placed on the scalp.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002353","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal EEG; Abnormal electroencephalogram; EEG abnormalities; Electroencephalogram abnormal; Electroencephalogram abnormalities","HPO_Name__c":"EEG abnormality","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Procedure_EEG"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066","HPO_Frequency__c":"Always (100%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A condition in which epileptiform abnormalities are believed to contribute to the progressive disturbance in cerebral function. Epileptic encephalaopathy is characterized by (1) electrographic EEG paroxysmal activity that is often aggressive, (2) seizures that are usually multiform and intractable, (3) cognitive, behavioral and neurological deficits that may be relentless, and (4) sometimes early death.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0200134","HPO_Synonym__c":"Convulsive encephalopathy","HPO_Name__c":"Epileptic encephalopathy","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2066","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A state of abnormally strong desire for sleep during the daytime.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001262","HPO_Synonym__c":"Excessive daytime sleepiness; More than typical sleepiness during day","HPO_Name__c":"Excessive daytime somnolence","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}}],"tags":{"Cause":["Genetics","Inborn Errors of Metabolism"],"Disease Category":["Genetics","Neurology","Inborn Errors of Metabolism"],"Specialist":["Genetics","Neurology","Epilepsy","Pediatrics"],"Account":["Epilepsy"]},"synonyms":["4 alpha aminobutyrate transaminase deficiency"," gaba aminotransaminase deficiency"," gaba aminotransferase deficiency"," gaba transaminase deficiency"," gabatd"," gamma aminobutyrate transaminase deficiency"," gamma-amino butyric acid transaminase deficiency"]}