{"Name":"Tetrasomy 18p","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0000035","id":35,"encodedName":"tetrasomy-18p","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Tetrasomy 18p","Xref_IDs__c":"423022343; 698849002; C0795868; C538306; MEDGEN:167079; MONDO:0013668; OMIM:614290; ORPHA:3307","USA_Estimate__c":"5,000","No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":2,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":0,"No_of_HHS_records__c":2,"World_Estimate__c":"8,000 to 80,000","No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":2,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":4,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":7,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":2,"Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0013668","Disease_Description__c":"Tetrasomy 18p is a very rare structural chromosomal anomaly affecting multiple body systems and characterized clinically by craniofacial abnormalities, delayed development, cognitive impairment, changes in muscle tone, distinctive facial features, and rarely renal malformations.","GARD_Name__c":"Tetrasomy 18p","GARD_Synonym__c":"18p isochromosome; 18p tetrasomy; isochromosome 18p; isochromosome 18p syndrome; tetrasomy type 18p","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0000035","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Tetrasomy 18p is a chromosomal condition that affects many parts of the body. This condition usually causes feeding difficulties in infancy, delayed development, intellectual disability that is often mild to moderate but can be severe, changes in muscle tone, distinctive facial features, and other birth defects. However, the signs and symptoms vary among affected individuals. Babies with tetrasomy 18p often have trouble feeding and may vomit frequently, which makes it difficult for them to gain weight. Some affected infants also have breathing problems and jaundice, which is a yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. Changes in muscle tone are commonly seen with tetrasomy 18p. Some affected children have weak muscle tone (hypotonia), while others have increased muscle tone (hypertonia) and stiffness (spasticity). These changes contribute to delayed development of motor skills, including sitting, crawling, and walking. Tetrasomy 18p is associated with a distinctive facial appearance that can include unusually shaped and low-set ears, a small mouth, a flat area between the upper lip and the nose (philtrum), and a thin upper lip. Many affected individuals also have a high, arched roof of the mouth (palate), and a few have had a split in the roof of the mouth (cleft palate). Additional features of tetrasomy 18p can include seizures, vision problems, recurrent ear infections, mild to moderate hearing loss, constipation and other gastrointestinal problems, abnormal curvature of the spine (scoliosis or kyphosis), a shortage of growth hormone, and birth defects affecting the heart and other organs. Males with tetrasomy 18p may be born with undescended testes (cryptorchidism) or the opening of the urethra on the underside of the penis (hypospadias). Psychiatric conditions, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety, as well as social and behavioral challenges have also been reported in some people with tetrasomy 18p.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"5,000","Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"during Pregnancy and as a Newborn","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:3307","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Entity","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0013668","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:3307","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Síndrome de tetrasomía 18p","Spanish_Description_Source__c":"ORPHA:3307","Spanish_Description__c":"Es una anomalía cromosómica estructural muy poco frecuente que afecta a múltiples sistemas corporales. Se caracteriza clínicamente por anomalías craneofaciales, retraso del desarrollo, discapacidad cognitiva, cambios en el tono muscular, rasgos faciales distintivos y, ocasionalmente, malformaciones renales.","Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"síndrome de tetrasomía 18p","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":"isocromosoma 18p","Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:93890","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Tetrasomy 18p is a chromosomal condition that affects many parts of the body. This condition usually causes feeding difficulties in infancy, delayed development, intellectual disability that is often mild to moderate but can be severe, changes in muscle tone, distinctive facial features, and other birth defects. However, the signs and symptoms vary among affected individuals. Babies with tetrasomy 18p often have trouble feeding and may vomit frequently, which makes it difficult for them to gain weight. Some affected infants also have breathing problems and jaundice, which is a yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes. Changes in muscle tone are commonly seen with tetrasomy 18p. Some affected children have weak muscle tone (hypotonia), while others have increased muscle tone (hypertonia) and stiffness (spasticity). These changes contribute to delayed development of motor skills, including sitting, crawling, and walking. Tetrasomy 18p is associated with a distinctive facial appearance that can include unusually shaped and low-set ears, a small mouth, a flat area between the upper lip and the nose (philtrum), and a thin upper lip. Many affected individuals also have a high, arched roof of the mouth (palate), and a few have had a split in the roof of the mouth (cleft palate). Additional features of tetrasomy 18p can include seizures, vision problems, recurrent ear infections, mild to moderate hearing loss, constipation and other gastrointestinal problems, abnormal curvature of the spine (scoliosis or kyphosis), a shortage of growth hormone, and birth defects affecting the heart and other organs. Males with tetrasomy 18p may be born with undescended testes (cryptorchidism) or the opening of the urethra on the underside of the penis (hypospadias). Psychiatric conditions, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety, as well as social and behavioral challenges have also been reported in some people with tetrasomy 18p.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0000035","GARD_Synonym__c":"18p isochromosome; 18p tetrasomy; isochromosome 18p; isochromosome 18p syndrome; tetrasomy type 18p","Name":"Tetrasomy 18p","Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"5,000","estimateUsa":"5,000"}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"Chromosome 18 Registry & Research Society","Website__c":"https://www.chromosome18.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Chromosome Disorder Outreach","Website__c":"https://chromodisorder.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Unique","Website__c":"https://rarechromo.org/"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Chromosomal Anomaly","Tag_Category__c":"Account;Cause","curated_tag_name":"Chromosome disorders"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Genetics","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Genetic diseases affect the DNA, or genetic instructions, which directs how tissues, organs, and body systems function.","curated_tag_name":"Genetic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Congenital Abnormality","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category","category_description":"Birth defects are structural changes present at birth that can affect almost any part of the body, including how the body looks, works, or both.","curated_tag_name":"Birth defects"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pediatrics","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Neonatal","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:3307"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Antenatal","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:3307"}],"Diagnosis__c":[{"Type__c":"GTR","Curie__c":"MEDGEN:C0795868"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=698849002","Source__c":"C0795868; MONDO:0013668","Xref__c":"698849002"},{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/3307","Source__c":"C0795868; MONDO:0013668; ORPHA:3307","Xref__c":"ORPHA:3307"},{"URL__c":"https://www.omim.org/entry/614290","Source__c":"C0795868; MONDO:0013668; ORPHA:3307","Xref__c":"OMIM:614290"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/C538306","Source__c":"MONDO:0013668","Xref__c":"C538306"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=167079","Source__c":"C0795868","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:167079"},{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0795868","Source__c":"C0795868","Xref__c":"C0795868"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0013668","Source__c":"GARD:0000035","Xref__c":"MONDO:0013668"},{"URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/tetrasomy-18p","Source__c":"GARD:0000035","Xref__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/tetrasomy-18p"},{"URL__c":"https://secure.ssa.gov/apps10/poms.nsf/lnx/0423022343","Xref__c":"423022343"}],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:3307","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormal difference between the left and right sides of the face.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000324","HPO_Synonym__c":"Asymmetric facies; Asymmetry of face; Asymmetry of right and left side of face; Crooked face; Facial asymmetry; Unsymmetrical face","HPO_Name__c":"Facial asymmetry","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:3307","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A fold of skin starting above the medial aspect of the upper eyelid and arching downward to cover, pass in front of and lateral to the medial canthus.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000286","HPO_Synonym__c":"Epicanthal fold; Epicanthal folds; Epicanthic folds; Eye folds; Palpebronasal fold; Plica palpebronasalis; Prominent eye folds","HPO_Name__c":"Epicanthus","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:3307","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001176","HPO_Synonym__c":"Disproportionately large hands; large hand; Large hands","HPO_Name__c":"Large hands","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:3307","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations below the mean.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000494","HPO_Synonym__c":"Antimongoloid eye slant; Antimongoloid slant of palpebral fissures; Antimongoloid slanted palpebral fissures; Down slanting palpebral fissures; Down-slanted palpebral fissures; Down-slanting palpebral fissure; Down-slanting palpebral fissures; Downslanting palpebral fissure; Downslanting palpebral fissures; Downward slanted palpebral fissures; Downward slanting of the opening between the eyelids; Downward slanting palpebral fissures; Downward-slanting palpebral fissures; Palpebral fissures down-slanted","HPO_Name__c":"Downslanted palpebral fissures","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:3307","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A disorder of esophageal motility characterized by the inability of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax during swallowing and by inadequate or lacking peristalsis in the lower half of the body of the esophagus.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002571","HPO_Synonym__c":"Achalasia of the esophagus","HPO_Name__c":"Achalasia","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:3307","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Distance from nasion to subnasale more than two standard deviations below the mean, or alternatively, an apparently decreased length from the nasal root to the nasal tip.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003196","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased length of nose; Hypoplastic nose; Nasal hypoplasia; Short nose; Shortened nose","HPO_Name__c":"Short nose","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:3307","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002650","HPO_Name__c":"Scoliosis","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:3307","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001250","HPO_Synonym__c":"Epileptic seizure; Seizures","HPO_Name__c":"Seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:3307","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A type of abnormal location of the ears in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000358","HPO_Synonym__c":"Ear, posterior angulation, increased; Ears rotated toward back of head; Posteriorly angulated ears; Posteriorly rotated; Posteriorly rotated auricles; Posteriorly-angulated ears; Posteriorly-rotated ears","HPO_Name__c":"Posteriorly rotated ears","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:3307","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Height of the vermilion of the medial part of the lip more than 2 SD below the mean, or apparently reduced height of the vermilion of the lip in the frontal view. The vermilion is the red part of the lips (and confusingly, the vermilion itself is also often referred to as being equivalent the lips).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000233","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased volume of lip; Decreased volume of lip vermillion; Thin lips; Thin vermillion","HPO_Name__c":"Thin vermilion border","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:3307","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and sex.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000252","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormally small cranium; Abnormally small skull; Decreased circumference of cranium; Decreased size of cranium; Decreased size of skull; Reduced head circumference; small cranium; Small head circumference","HPO_Name__c":"Microcephaly","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:3307","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The term gait disturbance can refer to any disruption of the ability to walk.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001288","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal gait; Abnormal walk; Difficulty in walking; Gait abnormalities; Gait difficulties; Gait disturbances; Impaired gait; Walking disability","HPO_Name__c":"Gait disturbance","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:3307","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The term intellectual disability or intellectual developmental disorder is used to describe significantly sub-average intellectual and adaptive functioning based on clinical assessment and as measured by individually administered, appropriately normed, standardized and validated tests of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001249","HPO_Synonym__c":"Intellectual disability; Mental deficiency; Mental retardation; Mental retardation, nonspecific; Mental-retardation; Nonprogressive intellectual disability; Nonprogressive mental retardation","HPO_Name__c":"Intellectual disability","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:3307","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality resulting from an anomaly of neuronal migration, i.e., of the process by which neurons travel from their origin to their final position in the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002269","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal neuronal migration; Heterotopias/abnormal migration; Migrational brain disorder; Neuronal migration disorder","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormality of neuronal migration","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:3307","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A transient loss of consciousness (i.e., characterized by a rapid onset, a short duration, and a spontaneous and complete recovery) due to cerebral hypoperfusion.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001279","HPO_Synonym__c":"Fainting spell","HPO_Name__c":"Syncope","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:3307","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Distance between the commissures of the mouth more than 2 SD below the mean. Alternatively, an apparently decreased width of the oral aperture (subjective).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000160","HPO_Synonym__c":"Microstomia; Narrow mouth; Small mouth; Small oral aperture","HPO_Name__c":"Narrow mouth","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:3307","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the face.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000271","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal face; Abnormality of the face; Facial abnormality","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormality of the face","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:3307","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border more than 2 SD above the mean. Alternatively, an apparently increased distance between nasal base and midline upper lip vermilion border.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000343","HPO_Synonym__c":"Elongated philtrum; Increased height of philtrum; Increased length of philtrum; Increased vertical dimension of philtrum; Vertical hyperplasia of philtrum","HPO_Name__c":"Long philtrum","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}}],"tags":{"Account":["Chromosomal Anomaly"],"Cause":["Chromosomal Anomaly","Genetics"],"Disease Category":["Genetics","Congenital Abnormality"],"Specialist":["Genetics","Pediatrics"]},"synonyms":["18p isochromosome"," 18p tetrasomy"," isochromosome 18p"," isochromosome 18p syndrome"," tetrasomy type 18p"]}