{"Name":"Merosin deficient congenital muscular dystrophy","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0003843","id":3843,"encodedName":"merosin-deficient-congenital-muscular-dystrophy","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Merosin deficient congenital muscular dystrophy","Xref_IDs__c":"111503008; 423022450; C118783; C1263858; DOID:0110636; MEDGEN:224728; MONDO:0011925; OMIM:607855; ORPHA:258","USA_Estimate__c":"5,000","No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":5,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":0,"No_of_HHS_records__c":1,"World_Estimate__c":"8,000 to 80,000","No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":1,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":4,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":7,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":3,"Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0011925","Disease_Description__c":"Congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MCD1A) belongs to a group of neuromuscular disorders with onset at birth or infancy characterized by hypotonia, muscle weakness and muscle wasting.","GARD_Name__c":"Merosin deficient congenital muscular dystrophy","GARD_Synonym__c":"cmd1a; cmd1a - congenital muscular dystrophy type 1a; congenital merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy 1a; congenital merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy type 1a; congenital muscular dystrophy caused by mutation in lama2; congenital muscular dystrophy due to laminin alpha2 deficiency; congenital muscular dystrophy type 1a; lama2 congenital muscular dystrophy; laminin subunit alpha 2-related congenital muscular dystrophy; mcd1a - muscular congenital dystrophy type 1a; mdc1a; merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy type 1a; merosin-negative congenital muscular dystrophy; muscular dystrophy, congenital merosin-deficient, type 1a; muscular dystrophy, congenital, merosin deficient or partially deficient","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0003843","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Laminin subunit alpha 2-related congenital muscular dystrophy belongs to a group of neuromuscular disorders that beings at birth or infancy and is characterized mainly by hypotonia, muscle weakness and muscle wasting. Other signs and symptoms include rigidity of the spine; scoliosis; and delayed, limited motor development, with most individuals needing assistive devices for mobility. Respiratory problems, feeding disorders and seizures may also occur. With time, affected individuals may develop an elongated face and ophthalmoplegia disorders (paralysis or weakness in muscles of the eye). Intellectual development is typically normal. It is caused by genetic changes in the LAMA2 gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"5,000","Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"during Pregnancy, at Birth, and as an Infant","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:258","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Entity","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0011925","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:258","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Distrofia muscular congénita asociada a la subunidad alfa 2 de la laminina","Spanish_Description_Source__c":"ORPHA:258","Spanish_Description__c":"La distrofia muscular congénita de tipo 1A (DMC1A) forma parte de un grupo de enfermedades neuromusculares, presentes en el nacimiento o durante los primeros meses de vida y que se manifiestan por: hipotonía, debilidad muscular y atrofia muscular.","Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"distrofia muscular congénita asociada a la subunidad alfa 2 de la laminina","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":"cmd1a; distrofia muscular congénita merosina negativa; distrofia muscular congénita por deficiencia de laminina alfa 2; distrofia muscular congénita tipo 1a; mdc1a","Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:98006","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Laminin subunit alpha 2-related congenital muscular dystrophy belongs to a group of neuromuscular disorders that beings at birth or infancy and is characterized mainly by hypotonia, muscle weakness and muscle wasting. Other signs and symptoms include rigidity of the spine; scoliosis; and delayed, limited motor development, with most individuals needing assistive devices for mobility. Respiratory problems, feeding disorders and seizures may also occur. With time, affected individuals may develop an elongated face and ophthalmoplegia disorders (paralysis or weakness in muscles of the eye). Intellectual development is typically normal. It is caused by genetic changes in the LAMA2 gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0003843","GARD_Synonym__c":"cmd1a; cmd1a - congenital muscular dystrophy type 1a; congenital merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy 1a; congenital merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy type 1a; congenital muscular dystrophy caused by mutation in lama2; congenital muscular dystrophy due to laminin alpha2 deficiency; congenital muscular dystrophy type 1a; lama2 congenital muscular dystrophy; laminin subunit alpha 2-related congenital muscular dystrophy; mcd1a - muscular congenital dystrophy type 1a; mdc1a; merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy type 1a; merosin-negative congenital muscular dystrophy; muscular dystrophy, congenital merosin-deficient, type 1a; muscular dystrophy, congenital, merosin deficient or partially deficient","Name":"Merosin deficient congenital muscular dystrophy","Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"5,000","estimateUsa":"5,000"}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"Muscular Dystrophy Canada","Website__c":"https://muscle.ca/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Muscular Dystrophy Family Foundation","Website__c":"https://mdff.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Cure CMD - Congenital Muscular Dystrophy","Website__c":"https://www.curecmd.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Muscular Dystrophy Association","Website__c":"https://www.mda.org"},{"Account_Name__c":"Muscular Dystrophy UK","Website__c":"https://www.musculardystrophyuk.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Voor Sara","Website__c":"https://voorsara.nl/"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Genetics","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Genetic diseases affect the DNA, or genetic instructions, which directs how tissues, organs, and body systems function.","curated_tag_name":"Genetic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neurology","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Neurological diseases affect the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, autonomic nerves, or other peripheral nerves.","curated_tag_name":"Neurological diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Muscular Dystrophy","Tag_Category__c":"Account;Disease Category","category_description":"Muscular dystrophy refers to a group of inherited disorders that cause muscles to gradually weaken and break down.","curated_tag_name":"Muscular dystrophy"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neurodevelopmental disabilities","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist","curated_tag_name":"Neurodevelopmental disabilities"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neuromuscular medicine","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist","curated_tag_name":"Neuromuscular medicine"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pediatrics","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Neonatal","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Antenatal","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Infancy","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258"}],"Diagnosis__c":[{"Type__c":"GTR","Curie__c":"MEDGEN:C1263858"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://raresource.nih.gov/diseases/filter/0003843","Source__c":"RareSource"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK97333","Source__c":"Gene Review","Xref__c":"NBK97333"},{"URL__c":"https://www.omim.org/entry/607855","Source__c":"C1263858; MONDO:0011925; ORPHA:258","Xref__c":"OMIM:607855"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=111503008","Source__c":"C1263858; MONDO:0011925","Xref__c":"111503008"},{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C1263858","Source__c":"C1263858","Xref__c":"C1263858"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=224728","Source__c":"C1263858","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:224728"},{"URL__c":"https://evsexplore.semantics.cancer.gov/evsexplore/concept/ncit/C118783","Source__c":"C1263858; MONDO:0011925","Xref__c":"C118783"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/doid/classes?obo_id=DOID%3A0110636","Source__c":"MONDO:0011925","Xref__c":"DOID:0110636"},{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/258","Source__c":"C1263858; MONDO:0011925; ORPHA:258","Xref__c":"ORPHA:258"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=787037000","Source__c":"C1263858","Xref__c":"787037000"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0011925","Source__c":"GARD:0003843","Xref__c":"MONDO:0011925"},{"URL__c":"https://secure.ssa.gov/apps10/poms.nsf/lnx/0423022450","Xref__c":"423022450"}],"GARD_Disease_Gene__c":[{"GeneSymbol__c":"LAMA2","GHR_URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/lama2","Gene_Type__c":"protein-coding gene","Causal_Gene__c":true}],"Inheritance__c":["Autosomal recessive"],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A generalized non-motor (absence) seizure is a type of a type of dialeptic seizure that is of electrographically generalized onset. It is a generalized seizure characterized by an interruption of activities, a blank stare, and usually the person will be unresponsive when spoken to. Any ictal motor phenomena are minor in comparison to these non-motor features.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002121","HPO_Synonym__c":"Absence seizure; Absence seizures; Brief seizures with staring spells; Petit mal; Petit mal seizure; Petit mal seizures","HPO_Name__c":"Generalized non-motor (absence) seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002093","HPO_Synonym__c":"Respiratory impairment","HPO_Name__c":"Respiratory insufficiency","Feature_System__c":"Respiratory system","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A deviation from normal signal on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brainstem.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0012747","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal brainstem MRI signal intensity","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Imaging_MRI"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Pulmonary hypertension is defined mean pulmonary artery pressure of 25mmHg or more and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 15mmHg or less when measured by right heart catheterisation at rest and in a supine position.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002092","HPO_Synonym__c":"Increased blood pressure in blood vessels of lungs; Pulmonary artery hypertension","HPO_Name__c":"Pulmonary arterial hypertension","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System; Respiratory system","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Any cardiac rhythm other than the normal sinus rhythm. Such a rhythm may be either of sinus or ectopic origin and either regular or irregular. An arrhythmia may be due to a disturbance in impulse formation or conduction or both.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0011675","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal heart rate; Arrhythmias; Cardiac arrhythmia; Cardiac arrhythmias; Cardiac rhythm disturbances; Heart rhythm disorders; Irregular heart beat; Irregular heartbeat","HPO_Name__c":"Arrhythmia","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0100295","HPO_Synonym__c":"Muscle fiber atrophy; Muscle fiber degeneration","HPO_Name__c":"Muscle fiber atrophy","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An anomaly of visually evoked potentials (VEP), which are electrical potentials, initiated by brief visual stimuli, which are recorded from the scalp overlying the visual cortex.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000649","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal vision evoked potentials; Abnormal visual evoked potential; Abnormal visual evoked responses; Abnormal visual-evoked potentials; VEP abnormalities","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormality of visual evoked potentials","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Inspiration of a foreign object into the airway.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002835","HPO_Name__c":"Aspiration","Feature_System__c":"Respiratory system","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The term intellectual disability or intellectual developmental disorder is used to describe significantly sub-average intellectual and adaptive functioning based on clinical assessment and as measured by individually administered, appropriately normed, standardized and validated tests of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001249","HPO_Synonym__c":"Intellectual disability; Mental deficiency; Mental retardation; Mental retardation, nonspecific; Mental-retardation; Nonprogressive intellectual disability; Nonprogressive mental retardation","HPO_Name__c":"Intellectual disability","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormally increased curvature (anterior concavity) of the lumbar or cervical spine.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003307","HPO_Synonym__c":"Lordosis; Prominent swayback","HPO_Name__c":"Hyperlordosis","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001250","HPO_Synonym__c":"Epileptic seizure; Seizures","HPO_Name__c":"Seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Proliferation of astrocytes in the area of a lesion of the central nervous system.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002446","HPO_Name__c":"Astrocytosis","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A facial appearance characteristic of myopathic conditions. The face appears expressionless with sunken cheeks, bilateral ptosis, and inability to elevate the corners of the mouth, due to muscle weakness.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002058","HPO_Synonym__c":"Myopathic face; Myopathic facial appearance","HPO_Name__c":"Myopathic facies","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An anomaly of the temporomandibular joint.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0010754","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of the jaw joint; Anomaly of the temporomandibular joint; Deformity of the jaw joint; Malformation of jaw joint","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormality of the temporomandibular joint","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Diminution of tendon reflexes, which is an invariable sign of peripheral nerve disease.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001315","HPO_Synonym__c":"Absent or decreased deep tendon reflexes; Decreased deep tendon reflexes; Decreased tendon reflexes; Decreased to absent deep tendon reflexes; Decreased/absent deep tendon reflexes; Depressed tendon reflexes; Diminished deep tendon reflexes; Diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes; Diminished or absent tendon reflexes; Hypoactive to absent deep tendon reflexes; Impaired tendon reflexes; Reduced/absent deep tendon reflexes; Weak or absent deep tendon reflexes","HPO_Name__c":"Reduced tendon reflexes","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Collapse of part of a lung associated with absence of inflation (air) of that part.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0100750","HPO_Synonym__c":"Partial or complete collapse of part or entire lung; Pulmonary atelectasis","HPO_Name__c":"Atelectasis","Feature_System__c":"Respiratory system","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Imaging_CT"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002650","HPO_Name__c":"Scoliosis","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A severe form of respiratory insufficiency characterized by inadequate gas exchange such that the levels of oxygen or carbon dioxide cannot be maintained within normal limits.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002878","HPO_Synonym__c":"Respiratory failure","HPO_Name__c":"Respiratory failure","Feature_System__c":"Respiratory system","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Tongue extending beyond the alveolar ridges or teeth at rest.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0010808","HPO_Synonym__c":"Lingual prolapse; Lingual prominence; Lingual protrusion; Prolapse of tongue; Prominent tongue; Protruding tongue; Tongue protrusion; Tongue sticking out of mouth","HPO_Name__c":"Protruding tongue","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A condition in which the stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002020","HPO_Synonym__c":"Acid reflux; Acid reflux disease; Gastro-esophageal reflux; Gastroesophageal reflux disease; GERD; GORD; Heartburn","HPO_Name__c":"Gastroesophageal reflux","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormal results of investigations using electromyography (EMG).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003457","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal electromyography finding; Abnormal EMG; Electromyogram abnormal; EMG abnormalities","HPO_Name__c":"EMG abnormality","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Procedure_EMG"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Difficulty in swallowing.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002015","HPO_Synonym__c":"Difficulty swallowing; Poor swallowing; Swallowing difficulties; Swallowing difficulty","HPO_Name__c":"Dysphagia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormal reduction in the ability to masticate (chew), i.e., in the ability to crush and ground food in preparation for swallowing.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0005216","HPO_Synonym__c":"Chewing difficulties; Chewing difficulty; Difficulty chewing","HPO_Name__c":"Impaired mastication","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Facial nerve palsy is a dysfunction of cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve) that results in inability to control facial muscles on the affected side with weakness of the muscles of facial expression and eye closure. This can either be present in unilateral or bilateral form.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0010628","HPO_Synonym__c":"Bell's palsy; Cranial nerve VII palsy; Facial nerve palsy; Facial nerve paralysis; Facial palsy, unilateral or bilateral; Seventh cranial nerve palsy; VII th cranial nerve palsy","HPO_Name__c":"Facial palsy","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An increased susceptibility to lower respiratory tract infections as manifested by a history of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002783","HPO_Synonym__c":"Chronic lung infections; Lower respiratory tract infections; Recurrent chest infections","HPO_Name__c":"Recurrent lower respiratory tract infections","Feature_System__c":"Respiratory system; Immune System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001270","HPO_Synonym__c":"Delay in development of motor milestones; Delay in motor development; Delayed development of motor milestones; Delayed early motor milestones; Delayed motor development; Delayed motor milestones; Locomotor delay; Motor developmental delay; Motor developmental milestones not achieved; Motor retardation; Retarded motor development; Slow development of motor milestones","HPO_Name__c":"Motor delay","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A facial appearance characterized by a permanently or nearly permanently opened mouth.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000194","HPO_Synonym__c":"Gaped jawed appearance; Gaped mouthed appearance; Open mouth; Slack jawed appearance","HPO_Name__c":"Open mouth","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A flexion contracture is a bent (flexed) joint that cannot be straightened actively or passively. It is thus a chronic loss of joint motion due to structural changes in muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin that prevents normal movement of joints.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001371","HPO_Synonym__c":"Flexed joint that cannot be straightened; Flexion contractures; Flexion contractures of joints","HPO_Name__c":"Flexion contracture","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002181","HPO_Synonym__c":"Brain edema; Swelling of brain","HPO_Name__c":"Cerebral edema","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone) manifesting in the neonatal period.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001319","HPO_Synonym__c":"Hypotonia, in neonatal onset; Hypotonia, neonatal; Low muscle tone, in neonatal onset","HPO_Name__c":"Neonatal hypotonia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of an abnormally increased amount of connective tissue.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0009025","HPO_Name__c":"Increased connective tissue","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Reduced strength of muscles.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001324","HPO_Synonym__c":"Muscle weakness; Muscular weakness","HPO_Name__c":"Muscle weakness","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Lack of merosin protein in the muscle biopsy.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0030091","HPO_Synonym__c":"Absent merosin staining in muscle biopsy; Absent muscle fiber laminin alpha 2","HPO_Name__c":"Absent muscle fiber merosin","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0007141","HPO_Synonym__c":"Mixed polyneuropathy; Nerve damage causing decreased feeling and movement; Sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy","HPO_Name__c":"Sensorimotor neuropathy","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Atrophy affecting the pons and the cerebellum.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0006879","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cerebellopontine atrophy","HPO_Name__c":"Pontocerebellar atrophy","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Lack of strength of the intercostal muscles, i.e., of the muscle groups running along the ribs that create and move the chest wall.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0004878","HPO_Synonym__c":"Muscle weakness between ribs","HPO_Name__c":"Intercostal muscle weakness","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System; Respiratory system","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An increased CPK level between 4X and 50X above the upper normal level.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0030234","HPO_Synonym__c":"Highly elevated CPK; Highly elevated creatine phosphokinase; Highly elevated serum CK; Highly elevated serum CPK; Highly elevated serum phosph-CK","HPO_Name__c":"Highly elevated creatine kinase","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A myocardial disorder in which the heart muscle is structurally and functionally abnormal, in the absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular disease and congenital heart disease sufficient to cause the observed myocardial abnormality.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001638","HPO_Synonym__c":"Disease of the heart muscle","HPO_Name__c":"Cardiomyopathy","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001612","HPO_Name__c":"Weak cry","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormally diminished motor activity. In contrast to paralysis, hypokinesia is not characterized by a lack of motor strength, but rather by a poverty of movement. The typical habitual movements (e.g., folding the arms, crossing the legs) are reduced in frequency.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002375","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased muscle movement; Decreased spontaneous movement; Decreased spontaneous movements","HPO_Name__c":"Hypokinesia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A spectrum of malformations of cortical development caused by insufficient neuronal migration that subsumes the terms agyria, pachygyria and subcortical band heterotopia. See also neuropathological definitions for 2-, 3-, and 4-layered lissencephaly.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001339","HPO_Synonym__c":"Fewer or absent grooves in brain","HPO_Name__c":"Lissencephaly","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001252","HPO_Synonym__c":"Low muscle tone; Low or weak muscle tone; Muscle hypotonia; Muscular hypotonia","HPO_Name__c":"Hypotonia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A diminution of the volumetric fraction of blood pumped out of the ventricle with each cardiac cycle.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0012664","HPO_Synonym__c":"Reduced ejection fraction","HPO_Name__c":"Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Imaging_Echocardiogram"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormally low body weight.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0004325","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased body weight; Decreased weight; Low body weight; Low weight; Weight less than 3rd percentile","HPO_Name__c":"Decreased body weight","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Incapability to ambulate.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002540","HPO_Synonym__c":"Inability to walk; Non-ambulatory","HPO_Name__c":"Inability to walk","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormal cognition is characterized by deficits in thinking, reasoning, or remembering.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0100543","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of cognition; Cognitive abnormality; Cognitive defects; Cognitive deficits; Cognitive impairment; Intellectual impairment","HPO_Name__c":"Cognitive impairment","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Pachygyria is a malformation of cortical development with abnormally wide gyri with sulci 1,5-3 cm apart and abnormally thick cortex measuring more than 5 mm (radiological definition). See also neuropathological definitions for 2-, 3-, and 4-layered lissencephaly.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001302","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cerebral pachygyria; Fewer and broader ridges in brain; Macrogyria","HPO_Name__c":"Pachygyria","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A reduction in the amount of air transported into the pulmonary alveoli by breathing, leading to hypercapnia (increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002791","HPO_Synonym__c":"Alveolar hypoventilation; Slow breathing; Under breathing","HPO_Name__c":"Hypoventilation","Feature_System__c":"Respiratory system","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The term dystrophy means abnormal growth. However, muscular dystrophy is used to describe primary myopathies with a genetic basis and a progressive course characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness and wasting, defects in muscle proteins, and histological features of muscle fiber degeneration (necrosis) and regeneration. If possible, it is preferred to use other HPO terms to describe the precise phenotypic abnormalities.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003560","HPO_Name__c":"Muscular dystrophy","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Increased length and width of the tongue.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000158","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormally large tongue; Hyperplasia of the tongue; Hypertrophy of the tongue; Increased size of tongue; Large tongue; Tongue hypertrophy","HPO_Name__c":"Macroglossia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A focal-onset seizure is a type of seizure originating within networks limited to one hemisphere. They may be discretely localized or more widely distributed, and may originate in subcortical structures.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0007359","HPO_Synonym__c":"Focal onset seizure; Focal seizure; Focal seizures; Focal-onset seizures; Partial seizure; Partial seizures; Seizure affecting one half of brain","HPO_Name__c":"Focal-onset seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001939","HPO_Synonym__c":"Laboratory abnormality; Metabolism abnormality","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:258","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A general term for inflammation of the muscles without respect to the underlying cause.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0100614","HPO_Synonym__c":"Muscle inflammation","HPO_Name__c":"Myositis","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System; Immune System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}}],"tags":{"Cause":["Genetics"],"Disease Category":["Genetics","Neurology","Muscular Dystrophy"],"Specialist":["Genetics","Neurology","Neurodevelopmental disabilities","Neuromuscular medicine","Pediatrics"],"Account":["Muscular Dystrophy"]},"synonyms":["cmd1a"," cmd1a - congenital muscular dystrophy type 1a"," congenital merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy 1a"," congenital merosin-deficient muscular dystrophy type 1a"," congenital muscular dystrophy caused by mutation in lama2"," congenital muscular dystrophy due to laminin alpha2 deficiency"," congenital muscular dystrophy type 1a"," lama2 congenital muscular dystrophy"," laminin subunit alpha 2-related congenital muscular dystrophy"," mcd1a - muscular congenital dystrophy type 1a"," mdc1a"," merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy type 1a"," merosin-negative congenital muscular dystrophy"," muscular dystrophy, congenital merosin-deficient, type 1a"," muscular dystrophy, congenital, merosin deficient or partially deficient"]}