{"Name":"Mosaic trisomy 2","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0005331","id":5331,"encodedName":"mosaic-trisomy-2","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Mosaic trisomy 2","Xref_IDs__c":"764623009; C4707010; MEDGEN:1631294; MONDO:0015763; ORPHA:1723","USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":2,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":0,"No_of_HHS_records__c":0,"World_Estimate__c":"1 to 8,000","No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":0,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":3,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":7,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":2,"Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0015763","Disease_Description__c":"Mosaic trisomy 2 is a rare chromosomal anomaly syndrome, with a highly variable phenotype, principally characterized by intrauterine growth restriction, growth and motor delay, craniofacial dysmorphism (e.g. microcephaly, hypertelorism, micro/anophthalmia, midface hypoplasia, cleft lip/palate), congenital heart and neural tube defects, as well as various skeletal (e.g. scoliosis, radioulnar hypoplasia, preaxial polydactyly) and gastrointestinal (e.g. intestinal malrotation, Hirschsprung disease) anomalies. Central nervous system malformations (including ventriculomegaly, thin corpus callosum, spina bifida) have also been reported.","GARD_Name__c":"Mosaic trisomy 2","GARD_Synonym__c":"mosaic trisomy 2 syndrome; mosaic trisomy chromosome 2; mosaic trisomy type 2; trisomy 2 mosaicism","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0005331","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Trisomy 2 mosaicism is a rare chromosome disorder characterized by having an extra copy of chromosome 2 in a proportion, but not all, of a person's cells. In infants born with Trisomy 2 mosaicism, severity as well as signs and symptoms vary widely. Features of Trisomy 2 mosaicism may include intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), any of various birth defects, distinctive facial features, growth delay, developmental delays, and intellectual disabilities. The severity and specific symptoms present generally depend on the level of mosaicism (the proportion of cells affected) and the location or type of affected cells in the body. Trisomy 2 mosaicism is not inherited. It is caused by a random error in cell division during early development of the embryo. When Trisomy 2 mosaicism is detected during early pregnancy with chorionic villus sampling (CVS), the affected cells may be confined only to the placenta, and not present in the fetus. Amniocentesis may be recommended to confirm the results of the CVS, and monitoring may occur to detect intrauterine growth restriction, low amniotic fluid level (oligohydramnios), or other complications including stillbirth.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"during Pregnancy and as a Newborn","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:1723","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Entity","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0015763","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:1723","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Síndrome de trisomía 2 en mosaico","Spanish_Description_Source__c":"ORPHA:1723","Spanish_Description__c":"La trisomía 2 en mosaico es un síndrome por anomalía cromosómica poco frecuente, con un fenotipo muy variable, caracterizado principalmente por restricción del crecimiento intrauterino, retraso motor y del crecimiento, dismorfia craneofacial (p. ej., microcefalia, hipertelorismo, micro/anoftalmia, hipoplasia del tercio medio facial, labio leporino/paladar hendido), anomalías cardíacas congénitas y del tubo neural, así como diversas anomalías esqueléticas (p. ej., escoliosis, hipoplasia radiocubital, polidactilia preaxial) y anomalías gastrointestinales (p. ej., malrotación intestinal, enfermedad de Hirschsprung). También se han descrito malformaciones del sistema nervioso central (que incluyen ventriculomegalia, cuerpo calloso delgado, espina bífida).","Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"síndrome de trisomía 2 en mosaico","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":"trisomía del cromosoma 2 en mosaico","Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:93890","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Trisomy 2 mosaicism is a rare chromosome disorder characterized by having an extra copy of chromosome 2 in a proportion, but not all, of a person's cells. In infants born with Trisomy 2 mosaicism, severity as well as signs and symptoms vary widely. Features of Trisomy 2 mosaicism may include intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), any of various birth defects, distinctive facial features, growth delay, developmental delays, and intellectual disabilities. The severity and specific symptoms present generally depend on the level of mosaicism (the proportion of cells affected) and the location or type of affected cells in the body. Trisomy 2 mosaicism is not inherited. It is caused by a random error in cell division during early development of the embryo. When Trisomy 2 mosaicism is detected during early pregnancy with chorionic villus sampling (CVS), the affected cells may be confined only to the placenta, and not present in the fetus. Amniocentesis may be recommended to confirm the results of the CVS, and monitoring may occur to detect intrauterine growth restriction, low amniotic fluid level (oligohydramnios), or other complications including stillbirth.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0005331","GARD_Synonym__c":"mosaic trisomy 2 syndrome; mosaic trisomy chromosome 2; mosaic trisomy type 2; trisomy 2 mosaicism","Name":"Mosaic trisomy 2","Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"1,000","estimateUsa":"1,000"}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"Chromosome Disorder Outreach","Website__c":"https://chromodisorder.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Unique","Website__c":"https://rarechromo.org/"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Chromosomal Anomaly","Tag_Category__c":"Account;Cause","curated_tag_name":"Chromosome disorders"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Genetics","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Genetic diseases affect the DNA, or genetic instructions, which directs how tissues, organs, and body systems function.","curated_tag_name":"Genetic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Congenital Abnormality","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category","category_description":"Birth defects are structural changes present at birth that can affect almost any part of the body, including how the body looks, works, or both.","curated_tag_name":"Birth defects"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pediatrics","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Antenatal","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Neonatal","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723"}],"Diagnosis__c":[{"Type__c":"GTR","Curie__c":"MEDGEN:CN073991"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=1631294","Source__c":"C4707010","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:1631294"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=764623009","Source__c":"C4707010; MONDO:0015763","Xref__c":"764623009"},{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/1723","Source__c":"C4707010; MONDO:0015763; ORPHA:1723","Xref__c":"ORPHA:1723"},{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C4707010","Source__c":"C4707010","Xref__c":"C4707010"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0015763","Source__c":"GARD:0005331","Xref__c":"MONDO:0015763"}],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormally thin corpus callous, due to atrophy, hypoplasia or agenesis. This term is intended to be used in situations where it is not known if thinning of the corpus callosum (for instance, as visualized by magnetic resonance tomography) is due to abnormal development (e.g. a leukodystrophy) or atrophy following normal development (e.g. neurodegeneration).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0033725","HPO_Synonym__c":"Small corpus callosum; Thinning of the corpus callosum","HPO_Name__c":"Thin corpus callosum","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A gap in the lip or lips.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0410030","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cleft lip; Cleft of the lip","HPO_Name__c":"Cleft lip","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Interpupillary distance more than 2 SD above the mean (alternatively, the appearance of an increased interpupillary distance or widely spaced eyes).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000316","HPO_Synonym__c":"Excessive orbital separation; Increased distance between eye sockets; Increased distance between eyes; Increased interpupillary distance; Ocular hypertelorism; Wide-set eyes; Widely spaced eyes; Widened interpupillary distance","HPO_Name__c":"Hypertelorism","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of skull shape characterized by a increased anterior-posterior diameter, i.e., an increased antero-posterior dimension of the skull. Cephalic index less than 76%. Alternatively, an apparently increased antero-posterior length of the head compared to width. Often due to premature closure of the sagittal suture.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000268","HPO_Synonym__c":"Long, narrow head; Tall and narrow skull","HPO_Name__c":"Dolichocephaly","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Incomplete closure of the embryonic neural tube, whereby some vertebral arches remain unfused and open. The mildest form is spina bifida occulta, followed by meningocele and meningomyelocele.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002414","HPO_Name__c":"Spina bifida","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) refers to delays in the maturation of the brain and central nervous system; infants and young children with NDD may experience delays in the development of one or more skills including gross motor abilities, fine-motor coordination, language abilities and ability to solve increasingly complex problems.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0012758","HPO_Synonym__c":"NDD","HPO_Name__c":"Neurodevelopmental delay","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Posterior positions and/or vertical shortening of the infraorbital and perialar regions, or increased concavity of the face and/or reduced nasolabial angle.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0011800","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased size of midface; Flat midface; Hypoplasia of midface; Midface deficiency; Midface hypoplasia; Midface retrusion; Midface, flat; Retrusive midface; Underdevelopment of midface","HPO_Name__c":"Midface retrusion","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Underdevelopment of the radius.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002984","HPO_Synonym__c":"Hypoplastic radii; Hypoplastic radius; Radial hypoplasia; Short radii; Short radius; Shortening of radius; Underdeveloped outer large forearm bone","HPO_Name__c":"Hypoplasia of the radius","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and sex.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000252","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormally small cranium; Abnormally small skull; Decreased circumference of cranium; Decreased size of cranium; Decreased size of skull; Reduced head circumference; small cranium; Small head circumference","HPO_Name__c":"Microcephaly","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Diminished amniotic fluid volume in pregnancy.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001562","HPO_Synonym__c":"Low levels of amniotic fluid; Maternal oligohydramnios","HPO_Name__c":"Oligohydramnios","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the intestinal rotation and fixation that normally occurs during the development of the gut. This can lead to volvulus, or twisting of the intestine that causes obstruction and necrosis.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002566","HPO_Synonym__c":"Malrotation","HPO_Name__c":"Intestinal malrotation","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A developmental anomaly characterized by abnormal smallness of one or both eyes.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000568","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormally small eyeball; Abnormally small globe of eye; Microphthalmos","HPO_Name__c":"Microphthalmia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A type of motor delay characterized by a delay in acquiring the ability to control the large muscles of the body for walking, running, sitting, and crawling.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002194","HPO_Synonym__c":"Delayed attainment of gross motor milestones; Delayed attainment of gross motor skills; Delayed development of gross motor milestones; Delayed development of gross motor skills; Delayed gross motor milestones; Delayed gross motor skills; Delayed motor skills; Developmental delay, gross motor; Gross motor delay; Limited gross motor development; Limited gross motor skills","HPO_Name__c":"Delayed gross motor development","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Any structural anomaly of the heart.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001627","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of cardiac morphology; Abnormality of the heart; Abnormally shaped heart; Cardiac abnormality; Cardiac anomalies; Cardiac anomaly; Congenital heart defect; Congenital heart defects; Heart defect","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal heart morphology","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Supernumerary digits located at the radial side of the hand. Polydactyly (supernumerary digits) involving the thumb occurs in many distinct forms of high variability and severity. Ranging from fleshy nubbins over varying degrees of partial duplication/splitting to completely duplicated or even triplicated thumbs or preaxial (on the radial side of the hand) supernumerary digits.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001177","HPO_Synonym__c":"Extra thumb; Polydactyly affecting the thumb; Preaxial polydactyly of hands; Supernumerary thumb; thumb polydactyly","HPO_Name__c":"Preaxial hand polydactyly","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0100790","HPO_Name__c":"Hernia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An increase in size of the ventricular system of the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002119","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cerebral ventricular dilatation; Dilated cerebral ventricle; Dilated cerebral ventricles; Dilated ventricles; Enlarged cerebral ventricles; Enlarged ventricles; Enlarged ventricular system; Large cerebral ventricles and cisternae; Ventricular dilatation","HPO_Name__c":"Ventriculomegaly","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002650","HPO_Name__c":"Scoliosis","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Slow or limited growth after birth.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0008897","HPO_Synonym__c":"Growth delay as children; Growth retardation as children; Postnatal growth deceleration; Postnatal growth deficiency; Postnatal growth failure","HPO_Name__c":"Postnatal growth retardation","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Cleft palate is a developmental defect of the palate resulting from a failure of fusion of the palatine processes and manifesting as a separation of the roof of the mouth (soft and hard palate).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000175","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cleft hard and soft palate; Cleft of hard and soft palate; Cleft of palate; Cleft palate; Cleft roof of mouth; Palatoschisis; Uranostaphyloschisis","HPO_Name__c":"Cleft palate","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A neural tube defect arises when the neural tube, the embryonic precursor of the brain and spinal cord, fails to close during neurulation. The cranial region (anencephaly) or the low spine (open spina bifida; myelomeningocele) are most commonly affected although, in the severe NTD craniorachischisis, almost the entire neural tube remains open, from midbrain to low spine.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0045005","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of neural tube closure; NTD","HPO_Name__c":"Neural tube defect","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Underdevelopment of the ulna.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003022","HPO_Synonym__c":"Hypoplastic ulna; Short ulna; Short ulnae; Ulnar hypoplasia; Underdeveloped inner large forearm bone; Underdeveloped ulna","HPO_Name__c":"Hypoplasia of the ulna","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormal restriction of fetal growth with fetal weight below the tenth percentile for gestational age.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001511","HPO_Synonym__c":"Fetal growth restriction; FGR; In utero growth retardation; Intrauterine growth failure; Intrauterine growth restriction; Intrauterine growth retardation, IUGR; Intrauterine retardation; IUGR; Prenatal growth deficiency; Prenatal growth failure; Prenatal growth retardation; Prenatal onset growth retardation; Prenatal-onset growth retardation; Small for gestational age infant","HPO_Name__c":"Intrauterine growth retardation","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:1723","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality resulting from a lack of intestinal ganglion cells (i.e., an aganglionic section of bowel) that results in bowel obstruction with enlargement of the colon.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002251","HPO_Synonym__c":"Enlarged colon lacking nerve cells; Hirschsprung megacolon","HPO_Name__c":"Aganglionic megacolon","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}}],"tags":{"Account":["Chromosomal Anomaly"],"Cause":["Chromosomal Anomaly","Genetics"],"Disease Category":["Genetics","Congenital Abnormality"],"Specialist":["Genetics","Pediatrics"]},"synonyms":["mosaic trisomy 2 syndrome"," mosaic trisomy chromosome 2"," mosaic trisomy type 2"," trisomy 2 mosaicism"]}