{"Name":"Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0000540","id":540,"encodedName":"medium-chain-acyl-coenzyme-a-dehydrogenase-deficiency","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency","Xref_IDs__c":"128596003; C0220710; C536038; C84538; DOID:0080153; E71.311; MEDGEN:65086; MONDO:0008721; NBK1424; OMIM:201450; ORPHA:42","USA_Estimate__c":"50,000","No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":2,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":1,"No_of_HHS_records__c":1,"World_Estimate__c":"80,000 to 800,000","No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":3,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":4,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":7,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":2,"Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0008721","Disease_Description__c":"Medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency (MCADD) is an inborn error of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation characterized by a rapidly progressive metabolic crisis, often presenting as hypoketotic hypoglycemia, lethargy, vomiting, seizures and coma, which can be fatal in the absence of emergency medical intervention.","GARD_Name__c":"Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency","GARD_Synonym__c":"acadm (acyl-coa dehydrogenase medium chain) deficiency; acadm deficiency; acadm-gene related medium-chain acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency; acadmd; acyl-coa dehydrogenase, medium chain, deficiency of; acyl-coa dehydrogenase, medium-chain deficiency; carnitine deficiency secondary to medium-chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency; mcad; mcad - medium chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency; mcad deficiency; mcadd; mcadh deficiency; medium chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency; medium chain acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency; medium-chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0000540","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency is a condition that prevents the body from converting certain fats to energy, particularly during periods without food (fasting). Signs and symptoms of MCAD deficiency typically appear during infancy or early childhood and can include vomiting, lack of energy (lethargy), and low blood glucose (hypoglycemia). In rare cases, symptoms of this disorder are not recognized early in life, and the condition is not diagnosed until adulthood. People with MCAD deficiency are at risk of serious complications such as seizures, breathing difficulties, liver problems, brain damage, coma, and sudden death. Problems related to MCAD deficiency can be triggered by periods of fasting or by illnesses such as viral infections. This disorder is sometimes mistaken for Reye syndrome, a severe disorder that may develop in children while they appear to be recovering from viral infections such as chicken pox or flu. Most cases of Reye syndrome are associated with the use of aspirin during these viral infections.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"50,000","Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"as a Newborn and as an Infant","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:42","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Entity","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0008721","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:42","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Deficiencia de acil-coa deshidrogenasa de cadena media","Spanish_Description_Source__c":"ORPHA:42","Spanish_Description__c":"La deficiencia de acil CoA-deshidrogenasa de cadena media (deficiencia de MCAD o MCADD) es un trastorno congénito de la oxidación mitocondrial de los ácidos grasos caracterizada por una crisis metabólica de evolución rápida, y a menudo se presenta como hipoglucemia hipocetósica, letargo, vómitos, convulsiones y coma, y puede resultar mortal en ausencia de una intervención médica urgente.","Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"deficiencia de acil-coa deshidrogenasa de cadena media","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":"deficiencia de acadm; deficiencia de acil-coenzima a deshidrogenasa de cadena media; deficiencia de carnitina secundaria a una deficiencia de acil-coa deshidrogenasa de cadena media; deficiencia de mcad; mcadd","Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:68367","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency is a condition that prevents the body from converting certain fats to energy, particularly during periods without food (fasting). Signs and symptoms of MCAD deficiency typically appear during infancy or early childhood and can include vomiting, lack of energy (lethargy), and low blood glucose (hypoglycemia). In rare cases, symptoms of this disorder are not recognized early in life, and the condition is not diagnosed until adulthood. People with MCAD deficiency are at risk of serious complications such as seizures, breathing difficulties, liver problems, brain damage, coma, and sudden death. Problems related to MCAD deficiency can be triggered by periods of fasting or by illnesses such as viral infections. This disorder is sometimes mistaken for Reye syndrome, a severe disorder that may develop in children while they appear to be recovering from viral infections such as chicken pox or flu. Most cases of Reye syndrome are associated with the use of aspirin during these viral infections.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0000540","GARD_Synonym__c":"acadm (acyl-coa dehydrogenase medium chain) deficiency; acadm deficiency; acadm-gene related medium-chain acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency; acadmd; acyl-coa dehydrogenase, medium chain, deficiency of; acyl-coa dehydrogenase, medium-chain deficiency; carnitine deficiency secondary to medium-chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency; mcad; mcad - medium chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency; mcad deficiency; mcadd; mcadh deficiency; medium chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency; medium chain acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency; medium-chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency","Name":"Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency","Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"50,000","estimateUsa":"50,000"}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"Metabolic Support UK","Website__c":"https://www.metabolicsupportuk.org"},{"Account_Name__c":"FOD (Fatty Oxidation Disorder) Family Support Group","Website__c":"https://fodsupport.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation","Website__c":"https://www.umdf.org"},{"Account_Name__c":"Organic Acidemia Association","Website__c":"https://oaanews.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"MitoAction","Website__c":"https://www.mitoaction.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Minutes Matter","Website__c":"https://minutesmatter-mcadd.org/"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Genetics","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Genetic diseases affect the DNA, or genetic instructions, which directs how tissues, organs, and body systems function.","curated_tag_name":"Genetic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Inborn Errors of Metabolism","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category","category_description":"Inherited metabolic diseases, or inborn errors of metabolism, are a group of genetic diseases that affect the ability of the body's cells to convert food into energy.","curated_tag_name":"Inherited metabolic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pediatrics","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Infancy","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Neonatal","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42"}],"Diagnosis__c":[{"Type__c":"NEWBORN","Category__c":"Core","Curie__c":"http://newbornscreeningcodes.nlm.nih.gov/nb/sc/condition/MCAD"},{"Type__c":"GTR","Curie__c":"MEDGEN:C0220710"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://raresource.nih.gov/diseases/filter/0000540","Source__c":"RareSource"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1424","Source__c":"Gene Review","Xref__c":"NBK1424"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=65086","Source__c":"C0220710","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:65086"},{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/42","Source__c":"C0220710; MONDO:0008721; ORPHA:42","Xref__c":"ORPHA:42"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/E71.311","Source__c":"MONDO:0008721","Xref__c":"E71.311"},{"URL__c":"https://evsexplore.semantics.cancer.gov/evsexplore/concept/ncit/C84538","Source__c":"C0220710; MONDO:0008721","Xref__c":"C84538"},{"URL__c":"https://www.omim.org/entry/201450","Source__c":"C0220710; MONDO:0008721; ORPHA:42","Xref__c":"OMIM:201450"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/C536038","Source__c":"MONDO:0008721","Xref__c":"C536038"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=128596003","Source__c":"C0220710; MONDO:0008721","Xref__c":"128596003"},{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0220710","Source__c":"C0220710","Xref__c":"C0220710"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/doid/classes?obo_id=DOID%3A0080153","Source__c":"MONDO:0008721","Xref__c":"DOID:0080153"},{"URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/medium-chain-acyl-coa-dehydrogenase-deficiency","Source__c":"GARD:0000540","Xref__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/medium-chain-acyl-coa-dehydrogenase-deficiency"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0008721","Source__c":"GARD:0000540","Xref__c":"MONDO:0008721"}],"GARD_Disease_Gene__c":[{"GeneSymbol__c":"ACADM","GHR_URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/acadm","Gene_Type__c":"protein-coding gene","Causal_Gene__c":true}],"Inheritance__c":["Autosomal recessive"],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Loss of awareness of oneself or one's surroundings, involving (i) a loss of normal motor control is evident as flaccidity or stiffness, either of which can be accompanied by jerking movements, and postural control is lost so that patients fall if they are in an upright position; (ii) normal responsiveness is lost; and (iii) the patient experiences amnesia for the event. Loss of consciousness my be transitory (e.g., syncope) or prolonged.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0007185","HPO_Synonym__c":"Fainting; Loss of consciousness; Passing out","HPO_Name__c":"Loss of consciousness","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Elevations of the levels of SGOT and SGPT in the serum. SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) are transaminases primarily found in the liver and heart and are released into the bloodstream as the result of liver or heart damage. SGOT and SGPT are used clinically mainly as markers of liver damage.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002910","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal liver enzymes; Abnormal liver function; Abnormal liver function tests; Elevated circulating hepatic transaminase activity; Elevated liver enzymes; Elevated serum transaminases; Elevated transaminases; High liver enzymes; Increased liver enzymes; Increased liver function tests; Increased transaminases; Raised liver enzymes; Subclinical abnormal liver function tests","HPO_Name__c":"Elevated circulating hepatic transaminase concentration","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Perceived difficulty to breathe that occurs with exercise or exertion and improves with rest.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002875","HPO_Synonym__c":"Exertional breathlessness; Shortness of breathing upon physical activity","HPO_Name__c":"Exertional dyspnea","Feature_System__c":"Respiratory system","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A disorder of muscle unrelated to impairment of innervation or neuromuscular junction.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003198","HPO_Synonym__c":"Muscle tissue disease; Myopathic changes","HPO_Name__c":"Myopathy","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Presence of elevated levels of ketone bodies in the body.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001946","HPO_Synonym__c":"High levels of ketone bodies; Hyperketosis","HPO_Name__c":"Ketosis","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A decreased concentration of glucose in the blood.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001943","HPO_Synonym__c":"Hypoglycaemia; Low blood sugar","HPO_Name__c":"Hypoglycemia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of skeletal muscular atrophy (which is also known as amyotrophy).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003202","HPO_Synonym__c":"Amyotrophy; Amyotrophy involving the extremities; Muscle atrophy; Muscle atrophy, neurogenic; Muscle degeneration; Muscle hypotrophy; Muscle wasting; Muscular atrophy; Neurogenic muscle atrophy; Neurogenic muscle atrophy, especially in the lower limbs; Neurogenic muscular atrophy","HPO_Name__c":"Skeletal muscle atrophy","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A type of weakness that occurs after a muscle group is used and lessens if the muscle group has some rest. That is, there is diminution of strength with repetitive muscle actions.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003473","HPO_Synonym__c":"Fatigable weakness of limb muscles; Generalized muscle weakness due to defect at the neuromuscular junction; Myasthenia; Myasthenic weakness; Proximal muscle weakness due to defect at the neuromuscular junction","HPO_Name__c":"Fatigable weakness","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Diminution of tendon reflexes, which is an invariable sign of peripheral nerve disease.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001315","HPO_Synonym__c":"Absent or decreased deep tendon reflexes; Decreased deep tendon reflexes; Decreased tendon reflexes; Decreased to absent deep tendon reflexes; Decreased/absent deep tendon reflexes; Depressed tendon reflexes; Diminished deep tendon reflexes; Diminished or absent deep tendon reflexes; Diminished or absent tendon reflexes; Hypoactive to absent deep tendon reflexes; Impaired tendon reflexes; Reduced/absent deep tendon reflexes; Weak or absent deep tendon reflexes","HPO_Name__c":"Reduced tendon reflexes","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The occurrence of an unusually high amount of muscle pain following exercise.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003738","HPO_Synonym__c":"Exercise-induced muscle pain; Muscle pain on exercise; Muscle pain with exercise; Muscle pain, exercise-induced","HPO_Name__c":"Exercise-induced myalgia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Sudden and involuntary contractions of one or more muscles.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003394","HPO_Synonym__c":"Muscle cramps; Muscle spasms","HPO_Name__c":"Muscle spasm","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormally increased size of the liver.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002240","HPO_Synonym__c":"Enlarged liver","HPO_Name__c":"Hepatomegaly","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A degree of language development that is significantly below the norm for a child of a specified age.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000750","HPO_Synonym__c":"Deficiency of speech development; Delayed language development; Delayed speech; Delayed speech acquisition; Delayed speech and language development; Delayed speech development; Impaired speech and language development; Impaired speech development; Language delay; Language delayed; Language development deficit; Late-onset speech development; Poor language development; Speech and language delay; Speech and language difficulties; Speech delay","HPO_Name__c":"Delayed speech and language development","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An inherited primary limb malformation disorder characterized by congenital contractures of two or more different body areas and without primary neurologic and/or muscle disease that affects limb function.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0005684","HPO_Name__c":"Distal arthrogryposis","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The complete absence of wakefulness and consciousness, which is evident through a lack of response to any form of external stimuli.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001259","HPO_Synonym__c":"Coma; Persistent vegetative state; Stupor; Unconsciousness","HPO_Name__c":"Coma","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An increased concentration of dicarboxylic acid in the urine.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003215","HPO_Synonym__c":"Elevated urinary dicarboxylic acid level","HPO_Name__c":"Dicarboxylic aciduria","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An elevation of the level of the enzyme creatine kinase (also known as creatine phosphokinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) in the blood. CK levels can be elevated in a number of clinical disorders such as myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis, and muscular dystrophy.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003236","HPO_Synonym__c":"Elevated blood creatine phosphokinase; Elevated circulating creatine phosphokinase; Elevated creatine kinase; Elevated serum CPK; Elevated serum creatine kinase; Elevated serum creatine phosphokinase; High serum creatine kinase; Increased CPK; Increased creatine kinase; Increased creatine phosphokinase; Increased serum CK; Increased serum creatine kinase; Increased serum creatine phosphokinase","HPO_Name__c":"Elevated circulating creatine kinase concentration","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A decreased concentration of total carnitine in the blood.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0011936","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased plasma total carnitine","HPO_Name__c":"Decreased plasma total carnitine","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A state of fatigue, either physical or mental slowness and sluggishness, with difficulties in initiating or performing simple tasks. Distinguished from apathy which implies indifference and a lack of desire or interest in the task. A person with lethargy may have the desire, but not the energy to engage in personal or socially relevant tasks.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001254","HPO_Synonym__c":"Dullness; Inaction; Inactivity; Languor; Lethargy; Slowness; Torpor","HPO_Name__c":"Lethargy","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Increased size of the heart, clinically defined as an increased transverse diameter of the cardiac silhouette that is greater than or equal to 50% of the transverse diameter of the chest (increased cardiothoracic ratio) on a posterior-anterior projection of a chest radiograph or a computed tomography.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001640","HPO_Synonym__c":"Enlarged heart; Increased heart size","HPO_Name__c":"Cardiomegaly","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A lack of strength of the proximal muscles.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003701","HPO_Synonym__c":"Muscle weakness, proximal; Proximal limb muscle weakness; Proximal limb weakness; Weakness in muscles of upper arms and upper legs","HPO_Name__c":"Proximal muscle weakness","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Ataxia refers to impaired coordination of voluntary muscle movement. Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001251","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cerebellar ataxia","HPO_Name__c":"Ataxia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Any cardiac rhythm other than the normal sinus rhythm. Such a rhythm may be either of sinus or ectopic origin and either regular or irregular. An arrhythmia may be due to a disturbance in impulse formation or conduction or both.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0011675","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal heart rate; Arrhythmias; Cardiac arrhythmia; Cardiac arrhythmias; Cardiac rhythm disturbances; Heart rhythm disorders; Irregular heart beat; Irregular heartbeat","HPO_Name__c":"Arrhythmia","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A bilateral tonic-clonic seizure is a seizure defined by a tonic (bilateral increased tone, lasting seconds to minutes) and then a clonic (bilateral sustained rhythmic jerking) phase.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002069","HPO_Synonym__c":"Bilateral convulsive seizures; Generalised tonic-clonic seizure (without specification of onset); Generalized convulsion; Generalized tonic-clonic seizure (without specification of onset); Grand mal; Grand mal seizures; Seizures, tonic-clonic; Tonic-clonic convulsion; Tonic-clonic convulsions","HPO_Name__c":"Bilateral tonic-clonic seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Occipitofrontal (head) circumference greater than 97th centile compared to appropriate, age matched, sex-matched normal standards. Alternatively, a apparently increased size of the cranium.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000256","HPO_Synonym__c":"Increased size of cranium; Increased size of skull; Large head; Large head circumference; Macrocephalus; Macrocrania; Megacephaly","HPO_Name__c":"Macrocephaly","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Forceful ejection of the contents of the stomach through the mouth by means of a series of involuntary spasmic contractions.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002013","HPO_Synonym__c":"Emesis; Throwing up; Vomiting","HPO_Name__c":"Vomiting","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormally increased frequency (usually defined as three or more) loose or watery bowel movements a day.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002014","HPO_Synonym__c":"Diarrhea; Watery stool","HPO_Name__c":"Diarrhea","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An increased concentration of ammonia in the blood.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001987","HPO_Synonym__c":"High blood ammonia levels","HPO_Name__c":"Hyperammonemia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A subjective feeling of tiredness characterized by a lack of energy and motivation.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0012378","HPO_Synonym__c":"Fatigue; Tired; Tiredness","HPO_Name__c":"Fatigue","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Severe weight loss, wasting of muscle, loss of appetite, and general debility related to a chronic disease.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0004326","HPO_Synonym__c":"Wasting syndrome","HPO_Name__c":"Cachexia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A febrile seizure is any type of seizure (most often a generalized tonic-clonic seizure) occurring with fever (at least 38 degrees Celsius) but in the absence of central nervous system infection, severe metabolic disturbance or other alternative precipitant in children between the ages of 3 months and 6 years.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002373","HPO_Synonym__c":"Febrile convulsion; Febrile seizures; Fever induced seizures; Seizures, febrile, in early childhood; Seizures, generalized, associated with fever","HPO_Name__c":"Febrile seizure (within the age range of 3 months to 6 years)","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A deviation from the normal serum concentration/activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), which catalyzes the reduction of pyruvate to form lactate.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0045040","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal circulating LDH concentration; Abnormal lactate dehydrogenase level; Abnormal LDH level; AbnormalLDH level","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal circulating lactate dehydrogenase concentration","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A type of weakness of a skeletal muscle in the neck that occurs after a muscle group is used and lessens if the muscle group has some rest. That is, there is diminution of strength with repetitive muscle actions.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0030199","HPO_Name__c":"Fatigable weakness of neck muscles","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001252","HPO_Synonym__c":"Low muscle tone; Low or weak muscle tone; Muscle hypotonia; Muscular hypotonia","HPO_Name__c":"Hypotonia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An increased amount of 3-hydroxybutyric acid in the urine.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0040155","HPO_Name__c":"Elevated urinary 3-hydroxybutyric acid","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Steatosis is a term used to denote lipid accumulation within hepatocytes.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001397","HPO_Synonym__c":"Fatty infiltration of liver; Fatty liver; Liver steatosis; Steatosis","HPO_Name__c":"Hepatic steatosis","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:42","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Reduced ability of the liver to perform its functions.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001410","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased liver function; Liver dysfunction","HPO_Name__c":"Decreased liver function","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}}],"tags":{"Cause":["Genetics","Inborn Errors of Metabolism"],"Disease Category":["Genetics","Inborn Errors of Metabolism"],"Specialist":["Genetics","Pediatrics"]},"synonyms":["acadm (acyl-coa dehydrogenase medium chain) deficiency"," acadm deficiency"," acadm-gene related medium-chain acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency"," acadmd"," acyl-coa dehydrogenase, medium chain, deficiency of"," acyl-coa dehydrogenase, medium-chain deficiency"," carnitine deficiency secondary to medium-chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency"," mcad"," mcad - medium chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency"," mcad deficiency"," mcadd"," mcadh deficiency"," medium chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency"," medium chain acyl-coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency"," medium-chain acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency"]}