{"Name":"Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0006523","id":6523,"encodedName":"multiple-acyl-coa-dehydrogenase-deficiency","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency","Xref_IDs__c":"423022470; C0268596; C84907; DOID:0060358; E71.313; MEDGEN:75696; MONDO:0009282; NBK558236; OMIM:231680; ORPHA:26791","USA_Estimate__c":"5,000","No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":5,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":1,"No_of_HHS_records__c":2,"World_Estimate__c":"8,000 to 80,000","No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":4,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":5,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":8,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":1,"Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0009282","Disease_Description__c":"Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenation deficiency (MADD) is a disorder of fatty acid and amino acid oxidation and is a clinically heterogeneous disorder ranging from a severe neonatal presentation with metabolic acidosis, cardiomyopathy and liver disease, to a mild childhood/adult disease with episodic metabolic decompensation, muscle weakness, and respiratory failure.","GARD_Name__c":"Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency","GARD_Synonym__c":"electron transfer flavoprotein deficiency; electron transfer flavoprotein ubiquinone oxidoreductase deficiency; ethylmalonic-adipicaciduria; ga 2; ga ii; glutaric acidemia type 2; glutaric acidemia type ii; glutaric acidemia, type 2; glutaric aciduria type 2; glutaric aciduria type ii; glutaric aciduria, type 2; mad - multiple acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency; mad deficiency; madd; madd - multiple acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency; multiple acyl coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0006523","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Glutaric acidemia type II is an inherited disorder that interferes with the body's ability to break down proteins and fats to produce energy. Incompletely processed proteins and fats can build up in the body and cause the blood and tissues to become too acidic (metabolic acidosis). Glutaric acidemia type II usually appears in infancy or early childhood as a sudden episode called a metabolic crisis, in which acidosis and low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) cause weakness, behavior changes such as poor feeding and decreased activity, and vomiting. These metabolic crises, which can be life-threatening, may be triggered by common childhood illnesses or other stresses. In the most severe cases of glutaric acidemia type II, affected individuals may also be born with physical abnormalities. These may include brain malformations, an enlarged liver (hepatomegaly), a weakened and enlarged heart (dilated cardiomyopathy), fluid-filled cysts and other malformations of the kidneys, unusual facial features, and genital abnormalities. Glutaric acidemia type II may also cause a characteristic odor resembling that of sweaty feet. Some affected individuals have less severe symptoms that begin later in childhood or in adulthood. In the mildest forms of glutaric acidemia type II, muscle weakness developing in adulthood may be the first sign of the disorder.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"5,000","Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"at any time in life","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:26791","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Grouping","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0009282","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:26791","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Deficiencia múltiple de acil-coa deshidrogenasa","Spanish_Description_Source__c":"ORPHA:26791","Spanish_Description__c":"La deficiencia múltiple de acil CoA-deshidrogenasa (MADD) es una alteración de la oxidación de los ácidos grasos y los aminoácidos y un trastorno clínicamente heterogéneo que va desde la presentación neonatal grave con acidosis metabólica, miocardiopatía y hepatopatía, hasta una enfermedad leve de la infancia o la edad adulta con descompensación metabólica episódica, debilidad muscular e insuficiencia respiratoria.","Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"deficiencia múltiple de acil-coa deshidrogenasa","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":"acidemia glutárica tipo 2; aciduria glutárica tipo 2; deficiencia de mad; madd","Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:68367","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Glutaric acidemia type II is an inherited disorder that interferes with the body's ability to break down proteins and fats to produce energy. Incompletely processed proteins and fats can build up in the body and cause the blood and tissues to become too acidic (metabolic acidosis). Glutaric acidemia type II usually appears in infancy or early childhood as a sudden episode called a metabolic crisis, in which acidosis and low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) cause weakness, behavior changes such as poor feeding and decreased activity, and vomiting. These metabolic crises, which can be life-threatening, may be triggered by common childhood illnesses or other stresses. In the most severe cases of glutaric acidemia type II, affected individuals may also be born with physical abnormalities. These may include brain malformations, an enlarged liver (hepatomegaly), a weakened and enlarged heart (dilated cardiomyopathy), fluid-filled cysts and other malformations of the kidneys, unusual facial features, and genital abnormalities. Glutaric acidemia type II may also cause a characteristic odor resembling that of sweaty feet. Some affected individuals have less severe symptoms that begin later in childhood or in adulthood. In the mildest forms of glutaric acidemia type II, muscle weakness developing in adulthood may be the first sign of the disorder.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0006523","GARD_Synonym__c":"electron transfer flavoprotein deficiency; electron transfer flavoprotein ubiquinone oxidoreductase deficiency; ethylmalonic-adipicaciduria; ga 2; ga ii; glutaric acidemia type 2; glutaric acidemia type ii; glutaric acidemia, type 2; glutaric aciduria type 2; glutaric aciduria type ii; glutaric aciduria, type 2; mad - multiple acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency; mad deficiency; madd; madd - multiple acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency; multiple acyl coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency","Name":"Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency","Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"5,000","estimateUsa":"5,000"}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"Muscular Dystrophy Canada","Website__c":"https://muscle.ca/"},{"Account_Name__c":"MitoAction","Website__c":"https://www.mitoaction.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Metabolic Support UK","Website__c":"https://www.metabolicsupportuk.org"},{"Account_Name__c":"FOD (Fatty Oxidation Disorder) Family Support Group","Website__c":"https://fodsupport.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"United Mitochondrial Disease Foundation","Website__c":"https://www.umdf.org"},{"Account_Name__c":"Organic Acidemia Association","Website__c":"https://oaanews.org/"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Genetics","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Genetic diseases affect the DNA, or genetic instructions, which directs how tissues, organs, and body systems function.","curated_tag_name":"Genetic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Cardiology","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neurology","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Neurological diseases affect the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, autonomic nerves, or other peripheral nerves.","curated_tag_name":"Neurological diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Inborn Errors of Metabolism","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category","category_description":"Inherited metabolic diseases, or inborn errors of metabolism, are a group of genetic diseases that affect the ability of the body's cells to convert food into energy.","curated_tag_name":"Inherited metabolic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Mitochondrial","Tag_Category__c":"Account;Cause;Disease Category","category_description":"Mitochondrial diseases are a group of genetic diseases that affect the ability of the body's cells to make energy.","curated_tag_name":"Mitochondrial diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Cardiomyopathy","Tag_Category__c":"Account","curated_tag_name":"Cardiomyopathy"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neuromuscular medicine","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist","curated_tag_name":"Neuromuscular medicine"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pediatrics","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"All ages","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791"}],"Diagnosis__c":[{"Type__c":"NEWBORN","Category__c":"Secondary","Curie__c":"http://newbornscreeningcodes.nlm.nih.gov/nb/sc/condition/GA-2"},{"Type__c":"GTR","Curie__c":"MEDGEN:C0268596"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558236","Source__c":"Gene Review","Xref__c":"NBK558236"},{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/26791","Source__c":"C0268596; MONDO:0009282; ORPHA:26791","Xref__c":"ORPHA:26791"},{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0268596","Source__c":"C0268596","Xref__c":"C0268596"},{"URL__c":"https://www.omim.org/entry/231680","Source__c":"C0268596; MONDO:0009282; ORPHA:26791","Xref__c":"OMIM:231680"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=75696","Source__c":"C0268596","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:75696"},{"URL__c":"https://evsexplore.semantics.cancer.gov/evsexplore/concept/ncit/C84907","Source__c":"C0268596; MONDO:0009282","Xref__c":"C84907"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/doid/classes?obo_id=DOID%3A0060358","Source__c":"MONDO:0009282","Xref__c":"DOID:0060358"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009282","Source__c":"GARD:0006523","Xref__c":"MONDO:0009282"},{"URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/glutaric-acidemia-type-ii","Source__c":"GARD:0006523","Xref__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/glutaric-acidemia-type-ii"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/E71.313","Source__c":"MONDO:0009282","Xref__c":"E71.313"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=22886006","Source__c":"C0268596","Xref__c":"22886006"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/C054069","Source__c":"C0268596","Xref__c":"D054069"},{"URL__c":"https://secure.ssa.gov/apps10/poms.nsf/lnx/0423022470","Xref__c":"423022470"}],"GARD_Disease_Gene__c":[{"GeneSymbol__c":"ETFA","GHR_URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/etfa","Gene_Type__c":"protein-coding gene","Causal_Gene__c":true},{"GeneSymbol__c":"ETFB","GHR_URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/etfb","Gene_Type__c":"protein-coding gene","Causal_Gene__c":true},{"GeneSymbol__c":"ETFDH","GHR_URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/etfdh","Gene_Type__c":"protein-coding gene","Causal_Gene__c":true}],"Inheritance__c":["Autosomal recessive"],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormal buildup of lactic acid in the body, leading to acidification of the blood and other bodily fluids.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003128","HPO_Synonym__c":"Hyperlacticacidemia; Increased lactate in body; Lactic acidemia; Lacticacidemia; Lacticacidosis","HPO_Name__c":"Lactic acidosis","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An elevation of the level of the enzyme creatine kinase (also known as creatine phosphokinase (CK; EC 2.7.3.2) in the blood. CK levels can be elevated in a number of clinical disorders such as myocardial infarction, rhabdomyolysis, and muscular dystrophy.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003236","HPO_Synonym__c":"Elevated blood creatine phosphokinase; Elevated circulating creatine phosphokinase; Elevated creatine kinase; Elevated serum CPK; Elevated serum creatine kinase; Elevated serum creatine phosphokinase; High serum creatine kinase; Increased CPK; Increased creatine kinase; Increased creatine phosphokinase; Increased serum CK; Increased serum creatine kinase; Increased serum creatine phosphokinase","HPO_Name__c":"Elevated circulating creatine kinase concentration","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A acute form of pancreatitis.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001735","HPO_Synonym__c":"Acute pancreatic inflammation; Pancreatitis, acute","HPO_Name__c":"Acute pancreatitis","Feature_System__c":"Immune System; Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Pain in muscle.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003326","HPO_Synonym__c":"Muscle ache; Muscle pain","HPO_Name__c":"Myalgia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An increased concentration of lactic acid in the urine.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003648","HPO_Synonym__c":"High urine lactic acid levels; Increased urine lactate","HPO_Name__c":"Lacticaciduria","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the skeletal system.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000924","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of the skeletal system; Skeletal abnormalities; Skeletal anomalies","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormality of the skeletal system","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Any cardiac rhythm other than the normal sinus rhythm. Such a rhythm may be either of sinus or ectopic origin and either regular or irregular. An arrhythmia may be due to a disturbance in impulse formation or conduction or both.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0011675","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal heart rate; Arrhythmias; Cardiac arrhythmia; Cardiac arrhythmias; Cardiac rhythm disturbances; Heart rhythm disorders; Irregular heart beat; Irregular heartbeat","HPO_Name__c":"Arrhythmia","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Impaired ability to eat related to problems gathering food and getting ready to suck, chew, or swallow it.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0011968","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased oral intake; Feeding difficulties; Feeding problems; Poor feeding","HPO_Name__c":"Feeding difficulties","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Occipitofrontal (head) circumference greater than 97th centile compared to appropriate, age matched, sex-matched normal standards. Alternatively, a apparently increased size of the cranium.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000256","HPO_Synonym__c":"Increased size of cranium; Increased size of skull; Large head; Large head circumference; Macrocephalus; Macrocrania; Megacephaly","HPO_Name__c":"Macrocephaly","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Forceful ejection of the contents of the stomach through the mouth by means of a series of involuntary spasmic contractions.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002013","HPO_Synonym__c":"Emesis; Throwing up; Vomiting","HPO_Name__c":"Vomiting","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001250","HPO_Synonym__c":"Epileptic seizure; Seizures","HPO_Name__c":"Seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A functional motor deficit where individuals whose responses to the challenges of exercise fail to achieve levels considered normal for their age and sex.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003546","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased ability to exercise; Inability to exercise; Low exercise endurance; Poor exercise tolerance","HPO_Name__c":"Exercise intolerance","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormally increased level of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid in the urine.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003344","HPO_Synonym__c":"3-methylglutaricaciduria","HPO_Name__c":"3-Methylglutaric aciduria","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A lack of strength of the proximal muscles.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003701","HPO_Synonym__c":"Muscle weakness, proximal; Proximal limb muscle weakness; Proximal limb weakness; Weakness in muscles of upper arms and upper legs","HPO_Name__c":"Proximal muscle weakness","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Enlargement of the anterior fontanelle with respect to age-dependent norms.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000260","HPO_Synonym__c":"Large anterior fontanel; Large anterior fontanelle; Large open anterior fontanel; Large open anterior fontanelle; Wide anterior fontanelle; Wide open anterior fontanelle; Wider-than-typical soft spot of skull","HPO_Name__c":"Wide anterior fontanel","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Reduced ability of the liver to perform its functions.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001410","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased liver function; Liver dysfunction","HPO_Name__c":"Decreased liver function","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormally increased curvature (anterior concavity) of the lumbar or cervical spine.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003307","HPO_Synonym__c":"Lordosis; Prominent swayback","HPO_Name__c":"Hyperlordosis","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A decreased concentration of glucose in the blood.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001943","HPO_Synonym__c":"Hypoglycaemia; Low blood sugar","HPO_Name__c":"Hypoglycemia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Reduced ability to climb stairs.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003551","HPO_Synonym__c":"Difficulty walking up stairs","HPO_Name__c":"Difficulty climbing stairs","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Incapability to ambulate.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002540","HPO_Synonym__c":"Inability to walk; Non-ambulatory","HPO_Name__c":"Inability to walk","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Metabolic acidosis (MA) is characterized by a fall in blood pH due to a reduction of serum bicarbonate concentration. This can occur as a result of either the accumulation of acids (high anion gap MA) or the loss of bicarbonate from the gastrointestinal tract or the kidney (hyperchloremic MA). By definition, MA is not due to a respirary cause.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001942","HPO_Name__c":"Metabolic acidosis","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormal protrusion of the scapula away from the surface of the back.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003691","HPO_Synonym__c":"Scapula alata; Winged scapulae; Winged scapulas; Winged shoulder blade","HPO_Name__c":"Scapular winging","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A type of hepatic necrosis that is concentrated around the necrosis of hepatocytes localized around the intrahepatic branch of portal vein.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002614","HPO_Name__c":"Hepatic periportal necrosis","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormal increase in intracellular lipid droplets In a muscle. The number and size of these drops can increase with somd disorders of lipid metabolism affecting muscle. See PMID 20691590 for histological images.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0012240","HPO_Name__c":"Increased intramyocellular lipid droplets","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A functional defect characterized by reduced total lung capacity (TLC) not associated with abnormalities of expiratory airflow or airway resistance. Spirometrically, a restrictive defect is defined as FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) and FVC (forced vital capacity) less than 80 per cent. Restrictive lung disease may be caused by alterations in lung parenchyma or because of a disease of the pleura, chest wall, or neuromuscular apparatus.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002091","HPO_Synonym__c":"Restrictive deficit on pulmonary function testing; Restrictive deficit on pulmonary function tests; Restrictive respiratory disease; Restrictive respiratory insufficiency; Restrictive respiratory syndrome; Spirometric restriction; Stiff lung or chest wall causing decreased lung volume","HPO_Name__c":"Restrictive ventilatory defect","Feature_System__c":"Respiratory system","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Procedure_PFT"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Repeated occurrences of acute noninflammatory encephalopathy and fatty degenerative liver failure.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0006582","HPO_Name__c":"Reye syndrome-like episodes","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Difficult or labored breathing. Dyspnea is a subjective feeling only the patient can rate, e.g., on a Borg scale.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002094","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal breathing; Breathing difficulty; Difficult to breathe; Difficulty breathing; Shortness of breath; Trouble breathing","HPO_Name__c":"Dyspnea","Feature_System__c":"Respiratory system","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A myocardial disorder in which the heart muscle is structurally and functionally abnormal, in the absence of coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular disease and congenital heart disease sufficient to cause the observed myocardial abnormality.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001638","HPO_Synonym__c":"Disease of the heart muscle","HPO_Name__c":"Cardiomyopathy","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of an abnormality of cardiac function that is responsible for the failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate that is commensurate with the needs of the tissues or a state in which abnormally elevated filling pressures are required for the heart to do so. Heart failure is frequently related to a defect in myocardial contraction.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001635","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cardiac failure; Cardiac failures; Cardiac insufficiency; CHF; Chronic heart failure; Heart failure","HPO_Name__c":"Congestive heart failure","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Any structural anomaly of the heart.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001627","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of cardiac morphology; Abnormality of the heart; Abnormally shaped heart; Cardiac abnormality; Cardiac anomalies; Cardiac anomaly; Congenital heart defect; Congenital heart defects; Heart defect","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal heart morphology","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Elevations of the levels of SGOT and SGPT in the serum. SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) are transaminases primarily found in the liver and heart and are released into the bloodstream as the result of liver or heart damage. SGOT and SGPT are used clinically mainly as markers of liver damage.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002910","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal liver enzymes; Abnormal liver function; Abnormal liver function tests; Elevated circulating hepatic transaminase activity; Elevated liver enzymes; Elevated serum transaminases; Elevated transaminases; High liver enzymes; Increased liver enzymes; Increased liver function tests; Increased transaminases; Raised liver enzymes; Subclinical abnormal liver function tests","HPO_Name__c":"Elevated circulating hepatic transaminase concentration","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Encephalopathy is a term that means brain disease, damage, or malfunction. In general, encephalopathy is manifested by an altered mental state.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001298","HPO_Name__c":"Encephalopathy","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001252","HPO_Synonym__c":"Low muscle tone; Low or weak muscle tone; Muscle hypotonia; Muscular hypotonia","HPO_Name__c":"Hypotonia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Heterotopia or neuronal heterotopia are macroscopic clusters of misplaced neurons (gray matter), most often situated along the ventricular walls or within the subcortical white matter.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002282","HPO_Synonym__c":"Gray matter heterotopias; Heterotopia; Heterotopias; Neuronal heterotopia","HPO_Name__c":"Gray matter heterotopia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of multiple cysts in both kidneys.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000113","HPO_Synonym__c":"Polycystic kidneys","HPO_Name__c":"Polycystic kidney dysplasia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The concentration of glutaric acid in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is above the upper limit of normal.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003150","HPO_Synonym__c":"Glutarate aciduria; Glutaricaciduria; Increased glutarate level in urine","HPO_Name__c":"Glutaric aciduria","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Concentration of acylcarnitine in the blood circulation above the upper limit of normal.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0045045","HPO_Synonym__c":"Elevated plasma acylcarnitine levels","HPO_Name__c":"Elevated circulating acylcarnitine concentration","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Gliosis is the focal proliferation of glial cells in the central nervous system.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002171","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cerebral gliosis; Excess astrocytes in brain","HPO_Name__c":"Gliosis","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of skeletal muscular atrophy (which is also known as amyotrophy).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003202","HPO_Synonym__c":"Amyotrophy; Amyotrophy involving the extremities; Muscle atrophy; Muscle atrophy, neurogenic; Muscle degeneration; Muscle hypotrophy; Muscle wasting; Muscular atrophy; Neurogenic muscle atrophy; Neurogenic muscle atrophy, especially in the lower limbs; Neurogenic muscular atrophy","HPO_Name__c":"Skeletal muscle atrophy","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormally increased tendency towards muscle fatigue induced by physical exercise.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0009020","HPO_Name__c":"Exercise-induced muscle fatigue","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An elevated level of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase in the blood circulation.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0025435","HPO_Synonym__c":"Increased circulating LDH concentration; Increased lactate dehydrogenase level","HPO_Name__c":"Increased circulating lactate dehydrogenase concentration","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Posterior positioning of the nasal root in relation to the overall facial profile for age.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0005280","HPO_Synonym__c":"Depressed bridge of nose; Depressed nasal bridge; Depressed nasal root; Flat bridge of nose; Flat nasal bridge; Flat nasal root; Flat, nasal bridge; Flattened nasal bridge; Low nasal bridge; Low nasal root; Retruded bridge of nose; Retruded nasal bridge","HPO_Name__c":"Depressed nasal bridge","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Concentration of carnitine in the blood circulation below the lower limit of normal.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003234","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased plasma carnitine","HPO_Name__c":"Decreased circulating carnitine concentration","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the pinna, which is also referred to as the auricle or external ear.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000377","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal form of ears; Abnormally shaped ears; Auricular malformation; Deformed auricles; Deformed ears; Dysplastic ears; Malformation of auricle; Malformed auricles; Malformed ears; Malformed external ears; Minor malformation of the auricles; Poorly defined conchae","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal pinna morphology","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormally increased size of the liver.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002240","HPO_Synonym__c":"Enlarged liver","HPO_Name__c":"Hepatomegaly","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Difficulty to maintain correct position of the head while standing or sitting. Infant head lag is observed when the head seems to flop around or lags posteriorly behind the trunk. Several articles have maintained that head lag should be absent by age 3 to 4 months.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002421","HPO_Synonym__c":"Delay in head control; Delay in head righting; Infant head lag; Poor head control","HPO_Name__c":"Poor head control","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Distance between the inner canthi more than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, apparently increased distance between the inner canthi.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000506","HPO_Synonym__c":"Corners of eye widely separated; Dystopia canthorum; Increased distance between medial canthi; Increased intercanthal distance","HPO_Name__c":"Telecanthus","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0006543","HPO_Name__c":"Cardiorespiratory arrest","Feature_System__c":"Respiratory system","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The concentration of ethylmalonic acid in the urine, normalized for urine concentration, is above the upper limit of normal.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003219","HPO_Name__c":"Ethylmalonic aciduria","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A type of weakness of a skeletal muscle in the neck that occurs after a muscle group is used and lessens if the muscle group has some rest. That is, there is diminution of strength with repetitive muscle actions.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0030199","HPO_Name__c":"Fatigable weakness of neck muscles","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Difficulty in swallowing.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002015","HPO_Synonym__c":"Difficulty swallowing; Poor swallowing; Swallowing difficulties; Swallowing difficulty","HPO_Name__c":"Dysphagia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A severe form of respiratory insufficiency characterized by inadequate gas exchange such that the levels of oxygen or carbon dioxide cannot be maintained within normal limits.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002878","HPO_Synonym__c":"Respiratory failure","HPO_Name__c":"Respiratory failure","Feature_System__c":"Respiratory system","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the genital system.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000078","HPO_Synonym__c":"Genital abnormalities; Genital abnormality; Genital anomalies; Genital defects","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormality of the genital system","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Breakdown of muscle fibers that leads to the release of muscle fiber contents (myoglobin) into the bloodstream.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003201","HPO_Synonym__c":"Breakdown of skeletal muscle","HPO_Name__c":"Rhabdomyolysis","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Absence of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001284","HPO_Synonym__c":"Absent deep tendon reflexes; Absent tendon reflexes; Deep tendon reflexes absent; Loss of deep tendon reflexes; Lost deep tendon reflexes","HPO_Name__c":"Areflexia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormally increased height of the forehead.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000348","HPO_Synonym__c":"High forehead","HPO_Name__c":"High forehead","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:26791","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An increased concentration of ammonia in the blood.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001987","HPO_Synonym__c":"High blood ammonia levels","HPO_Name__c":"Hyperammonemia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}}],"tags":{"Cause":["Genetics","Inborn Errors of Metabolism","Mitochondrial"],"Disease Category":["Genetics","Neurology","Inborn Errors of Metabolism","Mitochondrial"],"Specialist":["Genetics","Cardiology","Neurology","Neuromuscular medicine","Pediatrics"],"Account":["Mitochondrial","Cardiomyopathy"]},"synonyms":["electron transfer flavoprotein deficiency"," electron transfer flavoprotein ubiquinone oxidoreductase deficiency"," ethylmalonic-adipicaciduria"," ga 2"," ga ii"," glutaric acidemia type 2"," glutaric acidemia type ii"," glutaric acidemia, type 2"," glutaric aciduria type 2"," glutaric aciduria type ii"," glutaric aciduria, type 2"," mad - multiple acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency"," mad deficiency"," madd"," madd - multiple acyl-coa dehydrogenase deficiency"," multiple acyl coenzyme a dehydrogenase deficiency"]}