{"Name":"Holoprosencephaly sequence","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0006665","id":6665,"encodedName":"holoprosencephaly-sequence","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Holoprosencephaly sequence","Xref_IDs__c":"30915001; C0079541; C74988; D016142; DOID:4621; MEDGEN:38214; MONDO:0016296; OMIMPS:236100; ORPHA:2162; Q04.2","USA_Estimate__c":"200,000","No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":6,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":0,"No_of_HHS_records__c":1,"World_Estimate__c":"800,000 to 5,000,000","No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":1,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":4,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":8,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":2,"Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0016296","Disease_Description__c":"A rare complex brain malformation characterized by incomplete cleavage of the prosencephalon, and affecting both the forebrain and face and resulting in neurological manifestations and facial anomalies of variable severity.","GARD_Name__c":"Holoprosencephaly sequence","GARD_Synonym__c":"familial alobar holoprosencephaly; holoprosencephaly; hpe; hpe - holoprosencephaly; single brain ventricle","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0006665","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly is an abnormality of brain development that also affects the head and face. Normally, the brain divides into two halves (hemispheres) during early development. Holoprosencephaly occurs when the brain fails to divide properly into the right and left hemispheres. This condition is called nonsyndromic to distinguish it from other types of holoprosencephaly caused by genetic syndromes, chromosome abnormalities, or substances that cause birth defects (teratogens). The severity of nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly varies widely among affected individuals, even within the same family.  Nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly can be grouped into four types according to the degree of brain division. From most to least severe, the types are known as alobar, semi-lobar, lobar, and middle interhemispheric variant (MIHV). In the most severe forms of nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly, the brain does not divide at all. These affected individuals have one central eye (cyclopia) and a tubular nasal structure (proboscis) located above the eye. Most babies with severe nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly die before birth or soon after. In the less severe forms, the brain is partially divided and the eyes are usually set close together (hypotelorism). The life expectancy of these affected individuals varies depending on the severity of symptoms.  People with nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly often have a small head (microcephaly), although they can develop a buildup of fluid in the brain (hydrocephalus) that causes increased head size (macrocephaly). Other features may include an opening in the roof of the mouth (cleft palate) with or without a split in the upper lip (cleft lip), one central front tooth instead of two (a single maxillary central incisor), and a flat nasal bridge. The eyeballs may be abnormally small (microphthalmia) or absent (anophthalmia).  Some individuals with nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly have a distinctive pattern of facial features, including a narrowing of the head at the temples, outside corners of the eyes that point upward (upslanting palpebral fissures), large ears, a short nose with upturned nostrils, and a broad and deep space between the nose and mouth (philtrum). In general, the severity of facial features is directly related to the severity of the brain abnormalities. However, individuals with mildly affected facial features can have severe brain abnormalities. Some people do not have apparent structural brain abnormalities but have some of the facial features associated with this condition. These individuals are considered to have a form of the disorder known as microform holoprosencephaly and are typically identified after the birth of a severely affected family member.  Most people with nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly have developmental delay and intellectual disability. Affected individuals also frequently have a malfunctioning pituitary gland, which is a gland located at the base of the brain that produces several hormones. Because pituitary dysfunction leads to the partial or complete absence of these hormones, it can cause a variety of disorders. Most commonly, people with nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly and pituitary dysfunction develop diabetes insipidus, a condition that disrupts the balance between fluid intake and urine excretion. Dysfunction in other parts of the brain can cause seizures, feeding difficulties, and problems regulating body temperature, heart rate, and breathing. The sense of smell may be diminished (hyposmia) or completely absent (anosmia) if the part of the brain that processes smells is underdeveloped or missing.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"200,000","Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"during Pregnancy and as a Newborn","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:2162","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Grouping","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0016296","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:2162","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Holoprosencefalia","Spanish_Description_Source__c":"ORPHA:2162","Spanish_Description__c":"Es una malformación cerebral compleja poco frecuente caracterizada por la división incompleta del prosencéfalo, que afecta tanto a la porción más anterior del cerebro como a la cara, lo que provoca manifestaciones neurológicas y anomalías faciales de gravedad variable.","Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"holoprosencefalia","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":"hpe","Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:93890","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly is an abnormality of brain development that also affects the head and face. Normally, the brain divides into two halves (hemispheres) during early development. Holoprosencephaly occurs when the brain fails to divide properly into the right and left hemispheres. This condition is called nonsyndromic to distinguish it from other types of holoprosencephaly caused by genetic syndromes, chromosome abnormalities, or substances that cause birth defects (teratogens). The severity of nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly varies widely among affected individuals, even within the same family.  Nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly can be grouped into four types according to the degree of brain division. From most to least severe, the types are known as alobar, semi-lobar, lobar, and middle interhemispheric variant (MIHV). In the most severe forms of nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly, the brain does not divide at all. These affected individuals have one central eye (cyclopia) and a tubular nasal structure (proboscis) located above the eye. Most babies with severe nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly die before birth or soon after. In the less severe forms, the brain is partially divided and the eyes are usually set close together (hypotelorism). The life expectancy of these affected individuals varies depending on the severity of symptoms.  People with nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly often have a small head (microcephaly), although they can develop a buildup of fluid in the brain (hydrocephalus) that causes increased head size (macrocephaly). Other features may include an opening in the roof of the mouth (cleft palate) with or without a split in the upper lip (cleft lip), one central front tooth instead of two (a single maxillary central incisor), and a flat nasal bridge. The eyeballs may be abnormally small (microphthalmia) or absent (anophthalmia).  Some individuals with nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly have a distinctive pattern of facial features, including a narrowing of the head at the temples, outside corners of the eyes that point upward (upslanting palpebral fissures), large ears, a short nose with upturned nostrils, and a broad and deep space between the nose and mouth (philtrum). In general, the severity of facial features is directly related to the severity of the brain abnormalities. However, individuals with mildly affected facial features can have severe brain abnormalities. Some people do not have apparent structural brain abnormalities but have some of the facial features associated with this condition. These individuals are considered to have a form of the disorder known as microform holoprosencephaly and are typically identified after the birth of a severely affected family member.  Most people with nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly have developmental delay and intellectual disability. Affected individuals also frequently have a malfunctioning pituitary gland, which is a gland located at the base of the brain that produces several hormones. Because pituitary dysfunction leads to the partial or complete absence of these hormones, it can cause a variety of disorders. Most commonly, people with nonsyndromic holoprosencephaly and pituitary dysfunction develop diabetes insipidus, a condition that disrupts the balance between fluid intake and urine excretion. Dysfunction in other parts of the brain can cause seizures, feeding difficulties, and problems regulating body temperature, heart rate, and breathing. The sense of smell may be diminished (hyposmia) or completely absent (anosmia) if the part of the brain that processes smells is underdeveloped or missing.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0006665","GARD_Synonym__c":"familial alobar holoprosencephaly; holoprosencephaly; hpe; hpe - holoprosencephaly; single brain ventricle","Name":"Holoprosencephaly sequence","Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"200,000","estimateUsa":"200,000"}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"Child Neurology Foundation","Website__c":"https://www.childneurologyfoundation.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Families for HoPE","Website__c":"https://familiesforhope.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Alianza Iberoamericana de Enfermedades Raras o Poco Frecuentes","Website__c":"https://aliber.org/web/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Federación Mexicana de Enfermedades Raras (FEMEXER)","Website__c":"http://www.femexer.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras","Website__c":"https://enfermedades-raras.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Federación Colombiana de Enfermedades Raras","Website__c":"http://www.fecoer.org"},{"Account_Name__c":"Federación Argentina de Enfermedades Poco Frecuentes","Website__c":"https://fadepof.org.ar/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Asociación Todos Unidos Enfermedades Raras Uruguay","Website__c":"https://atueru.org.uy/"},{"Account_Name__c":"FACES: The National Craniofacial Association","Website__c":"https://www.faces-cranio.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"The Carter Centers for Brain Research in Holoprosencephaly and Related Malformations","Website__c":"https://www.hperesearch.org"},{"Account_Name__c":"myFace","Website__c":"https://www.myface.org/"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Genetics","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Genetic diseases affect the DNA, or genetic instructions, which directs how tissues, organs, and body systems function.","curated_tag_name":"Genetic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neurology","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Neurological diseases affect the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, autonomic nerves, or other peripheral nerves.","curated_tag_name":"Neurological diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Endocrine","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Endocrine diseases affect hormone production or how the body responds to a specific hormone(s).","curated_tag_name":"Endocrine diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Congenital Abnormality","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category","category_description":"Birth defects are structural changes present at birth that can affect almost any part of the body, including how the body looks, works, or both.","curated_tag_name":"Birth defects"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Epilepsy","Tag_Category__c":"Account;Specialist","curated_tag_name":"Epilepsy"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pituitary deficiency","Tag_Category__c":"Account","curated_tag_name":"Pituitary deficiencies"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neurodevelopmental disabilities","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist","curated_tag_name":"Neurodevelopmental disabilities"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pediatrics","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Neonatal","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Antenatal","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162"}],"Diagnosis__c":[{"Type__c":"GTR","Curie__c":"MEDGEN:C0079541"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1530","Source__c":"Gene Review","Xref__c":"NBK1530"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=38214","Source__c":"C0079541","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:38214"},{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0079541","Source__c":"C0079541","Xref__c":"C0079541"},{"URL__c":"https://www.omim.org/phenotypicSeries/PS236100","Source__c":"MONDO:0016296","Xref__c":"OMIMPS:236100"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/C016142","Source__c":"C0079541; MONDO:0016296","Xref__c":"D016142"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=30915001","Source__c":"C0079541; MONDO:0016296","Xref__c":"30915001"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q04.2","Source__c":"MONDO:0016296","Xref__c":"Q04.2"},{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/2162","Source__c":"C0079541; MONDO:0016296; ORPHA:2162","Xref__c":"ORPHA:2162"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/doid/classes?obo_id=DOID%3A4621","Source__c":"MONDO:0016296","Xref__c":"DOID:4621"},{"URL__c":"https://evsexplore.semantics.cancer.gov/evsexplore/concept/ncit/C74988","Source__c":"C0079541; MONDO:0016296","Xref__c":"C74988"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016296","Source__c":"GARD:0006665","Xref__c":"MONDO:0016296"},{"URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001360","Source__c":"C0079541","Xref__c":"HP:0001360"},{"URL__c":"https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Holoprosencephaly"}],"Inheritance__c":["X-linked dominant","Autosomal recessive","Oligogenic","Non-Mendelian inheritance"],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Meeting of the medial eyebrows in the midline.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000664","HPO_Synonym__c":"Monobrow; Synophris; Unibrow","HPO_Name__c":"Synophrys","Feature_System__c":"Skin System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The upper eyelid margin is positioned 3 mm or more lower than usual and covers the superior portion of the iris (objective); or, the upper lid margin obscures at least part of the pupil (subjective).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000508","HPO_Synonym__c":"Blepharoptosis; Drooping upper eyelid; Eyelid ptosis; Palpebral ptosis","HPO_Name__c":"Ptosis","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001531","HPO_Synonym__c":"Failure to thrive in first year of life; Faltering weight in infancy; Weight faltering in infancy","HPO_Name__c":"Failure to thrive in infancy","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Increased height of the central portion of the eyebrow, forming a crescent, semicircular, or inverted U shape.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002553","HPO_Synonym__c":"Arched eyebrows; Broad, arched eyebrows; High, rounded eyebrows; High-arched eyebrows; Highly arched eyebrow; Thick, flared eyebrows","HPO_Name__c":"Highly arched eyebrow","Feature_System__c":"Skin System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Cleft palate of the midline of the palate.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0009099","HPO_Synonym__c":"Central cleft palate; Midline cleft palate","HPO_Name__c":"Median cleft palate","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0007360","HPO_Synonym__c":"Absent/small cerebellum; Absent/underdeveloped cerebellum; Atrophy/Degeneration affecting the cerebellum; Atrophy/Hypoplasia of the cerebellum; Cerebellar hypoplasia/atrophy","HPO_Name__c":"Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the cerebellum","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A pituitary functional deficit affecting all the anterior pituitary hormones (growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and prolactin).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000871","HPO_Name__c":"Panhypopituitarism","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Endocrine System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Infrequent or difficult evacuation of feces.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002019","HPO_Synonym__c":"Constipation; Costiveness; Dyschezia","HPO_Name__c":"Constipation","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Diminished length of the neck.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000470","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased length of neck; Short neck","HPO_Name__c":"Short neck","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormal morphology (form) of the face or its components.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001999","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal facial shape; Abnormal morphology of the face; Distinctive facies; Dysmorphic facial features; Dysmorphic facies; Facial dysmorphism; Unusual facial appearance; Unusual facies","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal facial shape","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A condition of reduced function of the anterior pituitary gland characterized by decreased secretion of one or more of the pituitary hormones growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000830","HPO_Name__c":"Anterior hypopituitarism","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Endocrine System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0008736","HPO_Synonym__c":"Underdeveloped penis","HPO_Name__c":"Hypoplasia of penis","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Bilateral bulging of the lateral frontal bone prominences with relative sparing of the midline.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002007","HPO_Synonym__c":"Frontal protuberance; Skull bossing","HPO_Name__c":"Frontal bossing","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A deformity of foot and ankle that has different subtypes that are talipes equinovarus, talipes equinovalgus, talipes calcaneovarus and talipes calcaneovalgus.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001883","HPO_Name__c":"Talipes","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A midline anterior incomplete closure of the abdominal wall in which there is herniation of the abdominal viscera into the base of the abdominal cord.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001539","HPO_Synonym__c":"Exomphalos; Omphalocoele","HPO_Name__c":"Omphalocele","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System; Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The absence of one or more teeth from the normal series by a failure to develop","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0009804","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased tooth count; Dental agenesis; Failure of development of some teeth; Reduced number of teeth; Teeth, agenesis","HPO_Name__c":"Tooth agenesis","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Any noninflammatory disease of the retina. This nonspecific term is retained here because of its wide use in the literature, but if possible new annotations should indicate the precise type of retinal abnormality.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000488","HPO_Synonym__c":"Noninflammatory retina disease","HPO_Name__c":"Retinopathy","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the aorta.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001679","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal aorta morphology; Abnormality of the aorta","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal aortic morphology","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the pinna, which is also referred to as the auricle or external ear.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000377","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal form of ears; Abnormally shaped ears; Auricular malformation; Deformed auricles; Deformed ears; Dysplastic ears; Malformation of auricle; Malformed auricles; Malformed ears; Malformed external ears; Minor malformation of the auricles; Poorly defined conchae","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal pinna morphology","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormal morphology of vertebral body.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003312","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal vertebral bodies; Abnormally shaped vertebrae","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal form of the vertebral bodies","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Interpupillary distance more than 2 SD above the mean (alternatively, the appearance of an increased interpupillary distance or widely spaced eyes).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000316","HPO_Synonym__c":"Excessive orbital separation; Increased distance between eye sockets; Increased distance between eyes; Increased interpupillary distance; Ocular hypertelorism; Wide-set eyes; Widely spaced eyes; Widened interpupillary distance","HPO_Name__c":"Hypertelorism","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormal closure, or atresia of the tubular structure of the intestine.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0011100","HPO_Name__c":"Intestinal atresia","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A delay in the achievement of motor or mental milestones in the domains of development of a child, including motor skills, speech and language, cognitive skills, and social and emotional skills. This term should only be used to describe children younger than five years of age.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001263","HPO_Synonym__c":"Delayed cognitive development; Delayed development; Delayed developmental milestones; Delayed intellectual development; Delayed milestones; Delayed psychomotor development; Developmental delay; Developmental delay in early childhood; Developmental delay, global; Developmental retardation; GDD; Lack of psychomotor development; Motor and developmental delay; Motormental retardation; Psychomotor delay; Psychomotor development deficiency; Psychomotor development failure; Psychomotor developmental delay; Retarded development; Retarded mental development; Retarded psychomotor development","HPO_Name__c":"Global developmental delay","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Hydrocephalus is an active distension of the ventricular system of the brain resulting from inadequate passage of CSF from its point of production within the cerebral ventricles to its point of absorption into the systemic circulation.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000238","HPO_Synonym__c":"Hydrocephaly; Nonsyndromal hydrocephalus; Too much cerebrospinal fluid in the brain","HPO_Name__c":"Hydrocephalus","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Decreased distance from the nasal tip to the nasal base.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000437","HPO_Synonym__c":"Caved in nasal tip; Depressed nasal tip; Depressed tip of nose; Flat nasal tip; Flat tip of nose; Flattened nasal tip; Nasal tip, depressed; Nasal tip, recessed; Nasal tip, retruded; Retruded tip of nose","HPO_Name__c":"Depressed nasal tip","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A type of cleft lip presenting as a midline (median) gap in the upper lip.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000161","HPO_Synonym__c":"Central cleft upper lip; Midline cleft lip","HPO_Name__c":"Median cleft upper lip","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A state of excessive water intake and hypotonic (dilute) polyuria. Diabetes insipidus may be due to failure of vasopressin (AVP) release (central or neurogenic diabetes insipidus) or to a failure of the kidney to respond to AVP (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000873","HPO_Name__c":"Diabetes insipidus","Feature_System__c":"Endocrine System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of a hernia of the diaphragm present at birth.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000776","HPO_Synonym__c":"Diaphragmatic hernia","HPO_Name__c":"Congenital diaphragmatic hernia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001629","HPO_Synonym__c":"Hole in heart wall separating two lower heart chambers; Ventricular septal defects; Ventriculoseptal defect; VSD","HPO_Name__c":"Ventricular septal defect","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A single maxillary central incisor positioned in the midline with morphological symmetry of the crown and bordered by lateral incisors.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0006315","HPO_Synonym__c":"Only one upper front tooth; Single central incisor; Single central upper incisor; Single maxillary central incisor; Single median incisor; Single median maxillary incisor; Single midline maxillary incisor; Single midline upper front tooth; Solitary median maxillary central incisor; Solitary midline maxillary central incisor","HPO_Name__c":"Solitary median maxillary central incisor","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormally increased muscular tone that causes fixed abnormal postures. There is a slow, intermittent twisting motion that leads to exaggerated turning and posture of the extremities and trunk.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001332","HPO_Synonym__c":"Dystonic movements","HPO_Name__c":"Dystonia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Distance between the philtral ridges, measured just above the vermilion border, more than 2 standard deviations above the mean, or alternatively, an apparently increased distance between the ridges of the philtrum.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000289","HPO_Synonym__c":"Increased breadth of philtrum; Increased horizontal dimension of philtrum; Increased transverse dimension of philtrum; Increased width of philtrum; Wide philtrum","HPO_Name__c":"Broad philtrum","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Head circumference below 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and sex.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000252","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormally small cranium; Abnormally small skull; Decreased circumference of cranium; Decreased size of cranium; Decreased size of skull; Reduced head circumference; small cranium; Small head circumference","HPO_Name__c":"Microcephaly","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A decreased concentration of glucose in the blood.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001943","HPO_Synonym__c":"Hypoglycaemia; Low blood sugar","HPO_Name__c":"Hypoglycemia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Holoprosencephaly is a structural anomaly of the brain in which the developing forebrain fails to divide into two separate hemispheres and ventricles.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001360","HPO_Synonym__c":"Single brain ventricle","HPO_Name__c":"Holoprosencephaly","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The nostrils (the paired channels of the nose) are not present.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0100596","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abouphalia; Aplasia of the nares; Missing nostrils","HPO_Name__c":"Absent nares","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Absence of the globe or eyeball.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000528","HPO_Synonym__c":"Absence of eyeballs; Absence of globes of eyes; Anophthalmia, clinical; Clinical anophthalmia, unilateral/bilateral; Failure of development of eyeball; Missing eyeball; Missing globe of eye; No eyeball; No globe of eye; Ocular absence","HPO_Name__c":"Anophthalmia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Underdevelopment of the zygomatic bone. That is, a reduction in size of the zygomatic bone, including the zygomatic process of the temporal bone of the skull, which forms part of the zygomatic arch.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0010669","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cheekbone underdevelopment; Decreased size of cheekbone; Decreased size of zygomatic bone; Hypoplasia of cheekbone; Underdevelopment of cheekbone; Underdevelopment of zygomatic bone","HPO_Name__c":"Hypoplasia of the zygomatic bone","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Testis in inguinal canal. That is, absence of one or both testes from the scrotum owing to failure of the testis or testes to descend through the inguinal canal to the scrotum.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000028","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cryptorchism; Undescended testes; Undescended testis","HPO_Name__c":"Cryptorchidism","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Absence or abnormal closure of the choana (the posterior nasal aperture). Most embryologists believe that posterior choanal atresia results from a failure of rupture between the 35th and 38th day of fetal life of the partition which separates the bucconasal or buccopharyngeal membranes. The resultant choanal atresia may be unilateral or bilateral, bony or membranous, complete or incomplete. In over 90 per cent of cases the obstruction is bony, while in the remainder it is membranous. The bony type of atresia is commonly located 1-2 mm. anterior to the posterior edge of the hard palate, and the osseous septum varies in thickness from 1 to 10 mm. In the membranous form of choanal atresia the obstruction usually occurs further posteriorly. In approximately one third of cases the atresia is bilateral.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000453","HPO_Synonym__c":"Blockage of the rear opening of the nasal cavity","HPO_Name__c":"Choanal atresia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Lack of prominence of the nose resulting from a posteriorly-placed nasal ridge.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000457","HPO_Synonym__c":"Depressed dorsum of nose; Depressed nasal dorsum; Flat dorsum of nose; Flat nasal dorsum; Flat nose; Recessed dorsum of nose; Recessed nasal dorsum; Recessed nasal ridge; Retruded dorsum of nose; Retruded nasal dorsum; Retruded nasal ridge","HPO_Name__c":"Depressed nasal ridge","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Chorea (Greek for 'dance') refers to widespread arrhythmic involuntary movements of a forcible, jerky and restless fashion. It is a random-appearing sequence of one or more discrete involuntary movements or movement fragments. Movements appear random because of variability in timing, duration or location. Each movement may have a distinct start and end. However, movements may be strung together and thus may appear to flow randomly from one muscle group to another. Chorea can involve the trunk, neck, face, tongue, and extremities.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002072","HPO_Synonym__c":"Choreic movements; Choreiform movements","HPO_Name__c":"Chorea","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Reduced strength of muscles.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001324","HPO_Synonym__c":"Muscle weakness; Muscular weakness","HPO_Name__c":"Muscle weakness","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Congenital developmental defect arising from the primitive branchial apparatus.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0009794","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of branchial apparatus; Abnormality of branchial arch; Branchial abnormality; Branchial anomalies","HPO_Name__c":"Branchial anomaly","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Median longitudinal ear length greater than two standard deviations above the mean and median ear width greater than two standard deviations above the mean (objective); or, apparent increase in length and width of the pinna (subjective).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000400","HPO_Synonym__c":"Large ears; Large pinnae","HPO_Name__c":"Macrotia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A congenital brain malformation typically characterized by incomplete formation of the cerebellar vermis, dilation of the fourth ventricle, and enlargement of the posterior fossa. In layman's terms, Dandy Walker malformation is a cyst in the cerebellum (typically symmetrical) that is involved with the fourth ventricle. This may interfere with the ability to drain cerebrospinal fluid from the brain, resulting in hydrocephalus. Dandy Walker cysts are formed during early embryonic development, while the brain forms. The cyst in the cerebellum typically has several blood vessels running through it connecting to the brain, thereby prohibiting surgical removal.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001305","HPO_Synonym__c":"Dandy-walker anomaly; Dandy-Walker cyst","HPO_Name__c":"Dandy-Walker malformation","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An eye that is more deeply recessed into the plane of the face than is typical.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000490","HPO_Synonym__c":"Deep set eye; Deep-set eyes; Deeply set eye; Enophthalmos; Ocular depression; Sunken eye; Sunken eyes","HPO_Name__c":"Deeply set eye","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Reduced convexity of the occiput (posterior part of skull).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0005469","HPO_Synonym__c":"Flat posterior cranium; Posterior flattening of the skull","HPO_Name__c":"Flat occiput","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A group of abnormalities characterized by hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000819","HPO_Name__c":"Diabetes mellitus","Feature_System__c":"Endocrine System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The capability that a joint (or a group of joints) has to move, passively and/or actively, beyond normal limits along physiological axes.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001382","HPO_Synonym__c":"Double-Jointed; Extensible joints; Flexible joints; Hyperextensible joints; Increased joint mobility; Increased mobility of joints; Joint hyperextensibility; Joint hyperflexibility; Joint hyperlaxity; Joint laxity; Joints move beyond expected range of motion; Lax joints; Loose-jointedness","HPO_Name__c":"Joint hypermobility","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Increased levels of protein in the urine.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000093","HPO_Synonym__c":"High urine protein levels; Protein in urine","HPO_Name__c":"Proteinuria","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Absence or underdevelopment of the corpus callosum.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0007370","HPO_Synonym__c":"Absent/hypoplastic corpus callosum; Agenesis/hypoplastic corpus callosum; Complete or partial absence of the corpus callosum; Hypoplasia or absence of the corpus callosum; Hypoplastic or absent corpus callosum","HPO_Name__c":"Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An inability to perceive odors. This is a general term describing inability to smell arising in any part of the process of smelling from absorption of odorants into the nasal mucous overlying the olfactory epithelium, diffusion to the cilia, binding to olfactory receptor sites, generation of action potentials in olfactory neurons, and perception of a smell.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000458","HPO_Synonym__c":"Loss of smell; Lost smell","HPO_Name__c":"Anosmia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations above the mean for age (objective); or, the inclination of the palpebral fissure is greater than typical for age.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000582","HPO_Synonym__c":"Mongoloid slant; Upslanting palpebral fissures; Upward slanted palpebral fissures; Upward slanting of palpebral fissures; Upward slanting of the opening between the eyelids; Upward slanting palpebral fissures","HPO_Name__c":"Upslanted palpebral fissure","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A neural tube defect characterized by sac-like protrusions of the brain and the membranes that cover it through openings in the skull.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002084","HPO_Synonym__c":"Bifid skull; Cranium bifidum","HPO_Name__c":"Encephalocele","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Any structural abnormality of the pulmonary valve.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001641","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of the pulmonary valve; Anomaly of the pulmonary valve","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal pulmonary valve morphology","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002093","HPO_Synonym__c":"Respiratory impairment","HPO_Name__c":"Respiratory insufficiency","Feature_System__c":"Respiratory system","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A neoplasm affecting the spinal cord.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0010302","HPO_Synonym__c":"Spinal cord tumor; Tumor of the spinal cord","HPO_Name__c":"Spinal cord tumor","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Interpupillary distance less than 2 SD below the mean (alternatively, the appearance of an decreased interpupillary distance or closely spaced eyes).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000601","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormally close eyes; Closely spaced eyes; Decreased distance between eye sockets; Decreased distance between eyes; Decreased interpupillary distance; Decreased orbital separation; Ocular hypotelorism","HPO_Name__c":"Hypotelorism","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A kind of polydactyly characterized by the presence of a supernumerary finger or fingers.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001161","HPO_Synonym__c":"Extra finger; Finger polydactyly; Polydactyly of the hand; Supernumerary finger","HPO_Name__c":"Hand polydactyly","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Atrophy of the optic nerve. Optic atrophy results from the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve and manifesting as a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000648","HPO_Synonym__c":"Optic nerve atrophy; Optic-nerve degeneration","HPO_Name__c":"Optic atrophy","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormal cognition is characterized by deficits in thinking, reasoning, or remembering.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0100543","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of cognition; Cognitive abnormality; Cognitive defects; Cognitive deficits; Cognitive impairment; Intellectual impairment","HPO_Name__c":"Cognitive impairment","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0006703","HPO_Synonym__c":"Absent/small lungs; Absent/underdeveloped lungs","HPO_Name__c":"Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the lungs","Feature_System__c":"Respiratory system","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A structural anomaly of the nervous system.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0012639","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal shape of nervous system; Abnormality of nervous system morphology","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal nervous system morphology","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the urinary system.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000079","HPO_Synonym__c":"Urinary tract abnormalities; Urinary tract abnormality; Urinary tract anomalies","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormality of the urinary system","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A fold of skin starting above the medial aspect of the upper eyelid and arching downward to cover, pass in front of and lateral to the medial canthus.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000286","HPO_Synonym__c":"Epicanthal fold; Epicanthal folds; Epicanthic folds; Eye folds; Palpebronasal fold; Plica palpebronasalis; Prominent eye folds","HPO_Name__c":"Epicanthus","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the skull, the bony framework of the head which is comprised of the neurocranium (with eight cranial bones) and the viscerocranium (facial skeleton) that comprises fourteen facial bones with the mandible as its largest bone.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000929","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of the skull","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal skull morphology","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Increased density/number and/or increased diameter of eyebrow hairs.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000574","HPO_Synonym__c":"Bushy eyebrows; Dense eyebrow; Heavy eyebrows; Hypertrichosis of the eyebrow; Prominent eyebrows; Thick eyebrow; Thick eyebrows","HPO_Name__c":"Thick eyebrow","Feature_System__c":"Skin System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A motor disorder characterized by a velocity-dependent increase in tonic stretch reflexes with increased muscle tone, exaggerated (hyperexcitable) tendon reflexes.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001257","HPO_Synonym__c":"Involuntary muscle stiffness, contraction, or spasm; Muscle spasticity; Muscular spasticity","HPO_Name__c":"Spasticity","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the spleen.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001743","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of the spleen","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormality of the spleen","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System; Immune System; Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormally decreased sodium concentration in the blood.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002902","HPO_Synonym__c":"Low blood sodium levels","HPO_Name__c":"Hyponatremia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Cyclopia is a congenital abnormality in which there is only one eye. That eye is centrally placed in the area normally occupied by the root of the nose.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0009914","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cyclops eye; Single central eye","HPO_Name__c":"Cyclopia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A condition in which the stomach contents leak backwards from the stomach into the esophagus through the lower esophageal sphincter.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002020","HPO_Synonym__c":"Acid reflux; Acid reflux disease; Gastro-esophageal reflux; Gastroesophageal reflux disease; GERD; GORD; Heartburn","HPO_Name__c":"Gastroesophageal reflux","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the antihelix.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0009738","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal antehelix; Abnormal anthelix; Abnormal antihelix","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal antihelix morphology","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A heterogeneous group of congenital spinal anomalies that result from defective closure of the neural tube early in fetal life.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0010301","HPO_Synonym__c":"Incomplete closure of the vertebral arch","HPO_Name__c":"Spinal dysraphism","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A coloboma of the iris.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000612","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cat eye; Coloboma of iris; Coloboma of the iris; Keyhole iris","HPO_Name__c":"Iris coloboma","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A decreased sensitivity to odorants (that is, a decreased ability to perceive odors).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0004409","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased smell sensation; Sense of smell impaired","HPO_Name__c":"Hyposmia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001250","HPO_Synonym__c":"Epileptic seizure; Seizures","HPO_Name__c":"Seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Impaired feeding performance of an infant as manifested by difficulties such as weak and ineffective sucking, brief bursts of sucking, and falling asleep during sucking. There may be difficulties with chewing or maintaining attention.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0008872","HPO_Name__c":"Feeding difficulties in infancy","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Accentuated, prominent philtral ridges giving rise to an exaggerated groove in the midline between the nasal base and upper vermillion border.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002002","HPO_Synonym__c":"Increased depth of philtrum; Philtrum, deep; Prominent philtrum; Pronounced philtrum","HPO_Name__c":"Deep philtrum","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A fixed reduction in the vertical distance between the upper and lower eyelids with short palpebral fissures.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000581","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased width of palpebral fissure; Narrow opening between the eyelids","HPO_Name__c":"Blepharophimosis","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Any cardiac rhythm other than the normal sinus rhythm. Such a rhythm may be either of sinus or ectopic origin and either regular or irregular. An arrhythmia may be due to a disturbance in impulse formation or conduction or both.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0011675","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal heart rate; Arrhythmias; Cardiac arrhythmia; Cardiac arrhythmias; Cardiac rhythm disturbances; Heart rhythm disorders; Irregular heart beat; Irregular heartbeat","HPO_Name__c":"Arrhythmia","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002650","HPO_Name__c":"Scoliosis","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality resulting from an anomaly of neuronal migration, i.e., of the process by which neurons travel from their origin to their final position in the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002269","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal neuronal migration; Heterotopias/abnormal migration; Migrational brain disorder; Neuronal migration disorder","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormality of neuronal migration","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A congenital cardiac malformation comprising pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septum defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy. The diagnosis of TOF is made if at least three of the four above mentioned features are present.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001636","HPO_Synonym__c":"Tetrology of fallot","HPO_Name__c":"Tetralogy of Fallot","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A non-midline cleft of the upper lip on the left and right sides.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0100336","HPO_Synonym__c":"Bilateral cheiloschisis; Both sided cleft lip; Right and left cleft lip","HPO_Name__c":"Bilateral cleft lip","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Digits that appear disproportionately short compared to the hand/foot. The word brachydactyly is used here to describe a series distinct patterns of shortened digits (brachydactyly types A-E). This is the sense used here.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001156","HPO_Synonym__c":"Brachydactyly syndrome; Short fingers or toes","HPO_Name__c":"Brachydactyly","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Anteriorly-facing nostrils viewed with the head in the Frankfurt horizontal and the eyes of the observer level with the eyes of the subject. This gives the appearance of an upturned nose (upturned nasal tip).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000463","HPO_Synonym__c":"Anteverted nose; Anteverted nostrils; Nasal tip, upturned; Nostrils anteverted; Upturned nares; Upturned nasal tip; Upturned nose; Upturned nostrils","HPO_Name__c":"Anteverted nares","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A developmental anomaly characterized by abnormal smallness of one or both eyes.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000568","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormally small eyeball; Abnormally small globe of eye; Microphthalmos","HPO_Name__c":"Microphthalmia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Underdevelopment or absence of the nose or parts thereof.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0009924","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased nasal size; Decreased size of nose","HPO_Name__c":"Aplasia/Hypoplasia involving the nose","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Absence of a region of the retina, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000567","HPO_Synonym__c":"Birth defect that causes a hole in the innermost layer at the back of the eye; Choroidoretinal coloboma","HPO_Name__c":"Chorioretinal coloboma","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Occipitofrontal (head) circumference greater than 97th centile compared to appropriate, age matched, sex-matched normal standards. Alternatively, a apparently increased size of the cranium.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000256","HPO_Synonym__c":"Increased size of cranium; Increased size of skull; Large head; Large head circumference; Macrocephalus; Macrocrania; Megacephaly","HPO_Name__c":"Macrocephaly","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2162","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001252","HPO_Synonym__c":"Low muscle tone; Low or weak muscle tone; Muscle hypotonia; Muscular hypotonia","HPO_Name__c":"Hypotonia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}}],"tags":{"Cause":["Genetics"],"Disease Category":["Genetics","Neurology","Endocrine","Congenital Abnormality"],"Specialist":["Genetics","Neurology","Endocrine","Epilepsy","Neurodevelopmental disabilities","Pediatrics"],"Account":["Epilepsy","Pituitary deficiency"]},"synonyms":["familial alobar holoprosencephaly"," holoprosencephaly"," hpe"," hpe - holoprosencephaly"," single brain ventricle"],"spanishId":12935,"spanishName":"holoprosencefalia"}