{"Name":"Congenital hydrocephalus","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0006682","id":6682,"encodedName":"congenital-hydrocephalus","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Congenital hydrocephalus","Xref_IDs__c":"47032000; C0020256; C98876; MEDGEN:9336; MONDO:0016349; OMIMPS:236600; ORPHA:2185; Q03","USA_Estimate__c":"200,000","No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":3,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":0,"No_of_HHS_records__c":0,"World_Estimate__c":"800,000 to 5,000,000","No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":0,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":3,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":6,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":1,"Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0016349","Disease_Description__c":"Hydrocephalus that is present at birth.","GARD_Name__c":"Congenital hydrocephalus","GARD_Synonym__c":"congenital dilatation of cerebral ventricles; congenital hydrencephalus; congenital hydrencephaly; congenital hydrocephaly; hydrocephalus in newborn; primary hydrocephalus; primary hydrocephaly","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0006682","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Congenital hydrocephalus is when a child is born with an excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain. CSF is a clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. This excess fluid causes an abnormal widening of spaces in the brain called ventricles (ventriculomegalia) and can create a harmful pressure on brain tissue. Symptoms of hydrocephalus vary and may include an unusually large head with thin, transparent scalp, bulging forehead with increased spaces between the bones of the skull (fontanelles), and a downward gaze. Other symptoms may include seizures, abnormal reflexes, slow heartbeat and respiratory rate, headaches, vomiting, irritability, weakness, and visual problems. It is caused by genetic and non-genetic factors. The most common cause of Congenital hydrocephalus are variations in the L1CAM gene, where there is a narrow passageway between the third and fourth ventricles (aqueductal stenosis). Other causes include genetic changes in many other genes, brain and/or spinal cord malformations, infections, bleeding inside the cavities of the brain (intraventricular hemorrhage), trauma, exposition to certain drugs (teratogens) or a congenital tumor of the brain. Congenital hydrocephalus can be an isolated malformation or be part of a syndrome where there are other associated malformations. Hydrocephalus may be subdivided according to the particular defect that exists in the brain and whether the cerebrospinal fluid pressure is high or normal: Communicating hydrocephalus is when there is no blockage (obstruction) in the ventricules but the fluid is not absorbed readily, or there is too much fluid to be absorbed. Noncommunicating (obstructive) hydrocephalus is when there is a blockage of the CSF causing widening (dilation) of the pathways that are located upstream of the block, resulting in an increased pressure inside the brain. There are also 2 other forms of hydrocephalus that usually affect only adults: Normal-pressure hydrocephalus is where the ventricules are expanded but the pressure inside the nervous system is normal. Hydrocephalus ex-vacuo occurs when stroke or traumatic injury cause damage to the brain and the brain tissue may shrink. Hydrocephalus may also be classified in congenital or acquired. Acquired hydrocephalus develops at the time of birth or at some point afterward and may be caused by injury or disease.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"200,000","Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"during Pregnancy","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:2185","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Grouping","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0016349","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:2185","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Hidrocefalia congénita","Spanish_Description_Source__c":null,"Spanish_Description__c":null,"Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"hidrocefalia congénita","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":null,"Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:93890","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Congenital hydrocephalus is when a child is born with an excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain. CSF is a clear fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. This excess fluid causes an abnormal widening of spaces in the brain called ventricles (ventriculomegalia) and can create a harmful pressure on brain tissue. Symptoms of hydrocephalus vary and may include an unusually large head with thin, transparent scalp, bulging forehead with increased spaces between the bones of the skull (fontanelles), and a downward gaze. Other symptoms may include seizures, abnormal reflexes, slow heartbeat and respiratory rate, headaches, vomiting, irritability, weakness, and visual problems. It is caused by genetic and non-genetic factors. The most common cause of Congenital hydrocephalus are variations in the L1CAM gene, where there is a narrow passageway between the third and fourth ventricles (aqueductal stenosis). Other causes include genetic changes in many other genes, brain and/or spinal cord malformations, infections, bleeding inside the cavities of the brain (intraventricular hemorrhage), trauma, exposition to certain drugs (teratogens) or a congenital tumor of the brain. Congenital hydrocephalus can be an isolated malformation or be part of a syndrome where there are other associated malformations. Hydrocephalus may be subdivided according to the particular defect that exists in the brain and whether the cerebrospinal fluid pressure is high or normal: Communicating hydrocephalus is when there is no blockage (obstruction) in the ventricules but the fluid is not absorbed readily, or there is too much fluid to be absorbed. Noncommunicating (obstructive) hydrocephalus is when there is a blockage of the CSF causing widening (dilation) of the pathways that are located upstream of the block, resulting in an increased pressure inside the brain. There are also 2 other forms of hydrocephalus that usually affect only adults: Normal-pressure hydrocephalus is where the ventricules are expanded but the pressure inside the nervous system is normal. Hydrocephalus ex-vacuo occurs when stroke or traumatic injury cause damage to the brain and the brain tissue may shrink. Hydrocephalus may also be classified in congenital or acquired. Acquired hydrocephalus develops at the time of birth or at some point afterward and may be caused by injury or disease.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0006682","GARD_Synonym__c":"congenital dilatation of cerebral ventricles; congenital hydrencephalus; congenital hydrencephaly; congenital hydrocephaly; hydrocephalus in newborn; primary hydrocephalus; primary hydrocephaly","Name":"Congenital hydrocephalus","Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"200,000","estimateUsa":"200,000"}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"Pediatric Hydrocephalus Foundation","Website__c":"http://www.hydrocephaluskids.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Hydrocephalus Association","Website__c":"https://www.hydroassoc.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"National Hydrocephalus Foundation","Website__c":"http://nhfonline.org"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Genetics","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Genetic diseases affect the DNA, or genetic instructions, which directs how tissues, organs, and body systems function.","curated_tag_name":"Genetic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neurology","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Neurological diseases affect the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, autonomic nerves, or other peripheral nerves.","curated_tag_name":"Neurological diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Congenital Abnormality","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category","category_description":"Birth defects are structural changes present at birth that can affect almost any part of the body, including how the body looks, works, or both.","curated_tag_name":"Birth defects"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pediatrics","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Antenatal","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2185"}],"Diagnosis__c":[{"Type__c":"GTR","Curie__c":"MEDGEN:C3887608"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0020256","Source__c":"C0020256","Xref__c":"C0020256"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=9336","Source__c":"C0020256","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:9336"},{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/2185","Source__c":"C0020256; MONDO:0016349; ORPHA:2185","Xref__c":"ORPHA:2185"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=47032000","Source__c":"C0020256; MONDO:0016349","Xref__c":"47032000"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/Q03","Source__c":"MONDO:0016349","Xref__c":"Q03"},{"URL__c":"https://evsexplore.semantics.cancer.gov/evsexplore/concept/ncit/C98876","Source__c":"C0020256; MONDO:0016349","Xref__c":"C98876"},{"URL__c":"https://www.omim.org/phenotypicSeries/PS236600","Source__c":"MONDO:0016349","Xref__c":"OMIMPS:236600"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016349","Source__c":"GARD:0006682","Xref__c":"MONDO:0016349"}],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2185","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Reduced size of the cerebral cortex.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002472","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased volume of cerebral cortex","HPO_Name__c":"Small cerebral cortex","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2185","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001250","HPO_Synonym__c":"Epileptic seizure; Seizures","HPO_Name__c":"Seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2185","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A type of abnormal location of the ears in which the position of the ears is characterized by posterior rotation (the superior part of the ears is rotated towards the back of the head, and the inferior part of the ears towards the front).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000358","HPO_Synonym__c":"Ear, posterior angulation, increased; Ears rotated toward back of head; Posteriorly angulated ears; Posteriorly rotated; Posteriorly rotated auricles; Posteriorly-angulated ears; Posteriorly-rotated ears","HPO_Name__c":"Posteriorly rotated ears","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2185","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The palpebral fissure inclination is more than two standard deviations below the mean.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000494","HPO_Synonym__c":"Antimongoloid eye slant; Antimongoloid slant of palpebral fissures; Antimongoloid slanted palpebral fissures; Down slanting palpebral fissures; Down-slanted palpebral fissures; Down-slanting palpebral fissure; Down-slanting palpebral fissures; Downslanting palpebral fissure; Downslanting palpebral fissures; Downward slanted palpebral fissures; Downward slanting of the opening between the eyelids; Downward slanting palpebral fissures; Downward-slanting palpebral fissures; Palpebral fissures down-slanted","HPO_Name__c":"Downslanted palpebral fissures","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2185","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A spectrum of malformations of cortical development caused by insufficient neuronal migration that subsumes the terms agyria, pachygyria and subcortical band heterotopia. See also neuropathological definitions for 2-, 3-, and 4-layered lissencephaly.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001339","HPO_Synonym__c":"Fewer or absent grooves in brain","HPO_Name__c":"Lissencephaly","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2185","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A type of hearing impairment in one or both ears related to an abnormal functionality of the cochlear nerve.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000407","HPO_Synonym__c":"Hearing loss, sensorineural; Sensorineural deafness; Sensorineural hearing loss","HPO_Name__c":"Sensorineural hearing impairment","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2185","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A coloboma of the iris.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000612","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cat eye; Coloboma of iris; Coloboma of the iris; Keyhole iris","HPO_Name__c":"Iris coloboma","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2185","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Atrophy of the optic nerve. Optic atrophy results from the death of the retinal ganglion cell axons that comprise the optic nerve and manifesting as a pale optic nerve on fundoscopy.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000648","HPO_Synonym__c":"Optic nerve atrophy; Optic-nerve degeneration","HPO_Name__c":"Optic atrophy","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2185","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Hydrocephalus is an active distension of the ventricular system of the brain resulting from inadequate passage of CSF from its point of production within the cerebral ventricles to its point of absorption into the systemic circulation.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000238","HPO_Synonym__c":"Hydrocephaly; Nonsyndromal hydrocephalus; Too much cerebrospinal fluid in the brain","HPO_Name__c":"Hydrocephalus","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2185","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Colpocephaly is an anatomic finding in the brain manifested by occipital horns that are disproportionately enlarged in comparison with other parts of the lateral ventricles.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0030048","HPO_Name__c":"Colpocephaly","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2185","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Bilateral bulging of the lateral frontal bone prominences with relative sparing of the midline.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002007","HPO_Synonym__c":"Frontal protuberance; Skull bossing","HPO_Name__c":"Frontal bossing","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2185","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001270","HPO_Synonym__c":"Delay in development of motor milestones; Delay in motor development; Delayed development of motor milestones; Delayed early motor milestones; Delayed motor development; Delayed motor milestones; Locomotor delay; Motor developmental delay; Motor developmental milestones not achieved; Motor retardation; Retarded motor development; Slow development of motor milestones","HPO_Name__c":"Motor delay","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2185","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An increase in size of the ventricular system of the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002119","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cerebral ventricular dilatation; Dilated cerebral ventricle; Dilated cerebral ventricles; Dilated ventricles; Enlarged cerebral ventricles; Enlarged ventricles; Enlarged ventricular system; Large cerebral ventricles and cisternae; Ventricular dilatation","HPO_Name__c":"Ventriculomegaly","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2185","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormal difference between the left and right sides of the face.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000324","HPO_Synonym__c":"Asymmetric facies; Asymmetry of face; Asymmetry of right and left side of face; Crooked face; Facial asymmetry; Unsymmetrical face","HPO_Name__c":"Facial asymmetry","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2185","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the gyri (i.e., the ridges) of the cerebral cortex of the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002536","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal gyration; Cerebral gyral anomalies","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal cortical gyration","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2185","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Underdevelopment of the macula lutea.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001104","HPO_Name__c":"Macular hypoplasia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2185","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Any structural anomaly of the heart.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001627","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of cardiac morphology; Abnormality of the heart; Abnormally shaped heart; Cardiac abnormality; Cardiac anomalies; Cardiac anomaly; Congenital heart defect; Congenital heart defects; Heart defect","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal heart morphology","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2185","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Occipitofrontal (head) circumference greater than 97th centile compared to appropriate, age matched, sex-matched normal standards. Alternatively, a apparently increased size of the cranium.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000256","HPO_Synonym__c":"Increased size of cranium; Increased size of skull; Large head; Large head circumference; Macrocephalus; Macrocrania; Megacephaly","HPO_Name__c":"Macrocephaly","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2185","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A misalignment of the eyes so that the visual axes deviate from bifoveal fixation. The classification of strabismus may be based on a number of features including the relative position of the eyes, whether the deviation is latent or manifest, intermittent or constant, concomitant or otherwise and according to the age of onset and the relevance of any associated refractive error.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000486","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cross-eyed; Squint; Squint eyes","HPO_Name__c":"Strabismus","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2185","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The term intellectual disability or intellectual developmental disorder is used to describe significantly sub-average intellectual and adaptive functioning based on clinical assessment and as measured by individually administered, appropriately normed, standardized and validated tests of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, with onset during the developmental period from infancy through adolescence.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001249","HPO_Synonym__c":"Intellectual disability; Mental deficiency; Mental retardation; Mental retardation, nonspecific; Mental-retardation; Nonprogressive intellectual disability; Nonprogressive mental retardation","HPO_Name__c":"Intellectual disability","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:2185","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Increased volume and globular shape of the anteroinferior aspect of the nose.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000414","HPO_Synonym__c":"Bulbous nose","HPO_Name__c":"Bulbous nose","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}}],"tags":{"Cause":["Genetics"],"Disease Category":["Genetics","Neurology","Congenital Abnormality"],"Specialist":["Genetics","Neurology","Pediatrics"]},"synonyms":["congenital dilatation of cerebral ventricles"," congenital hydrencephalus"," congenital hydrencephaly"," congenital hydrocephaly"," hydrocephalus in newborn"," primary hydrocephalus"," primary hydrocephaly"]}