{"Name":"Marchiafava-Bignami disease","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0006971","id":6971,"encodedName":"marchiafava-bignami-disease","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Marchiafava-Bignami disease","Xref_IDs__c":"386766007; C0238265; C197857; D054319; MEDGEN:65955; MONDO:0016370; ORPHA:221074","USA_Estimate__c":null,"No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":1,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":0,"No_of_HHS_records__c":0,"World_Estimate__c":null,"No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":0,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":3,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":5,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":1,"Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0016370","Disease_Description__c":"Marchiafava Bignami disease is defined by characteristic demyelination of the corpus callosum (erosion of the protective covering of nerve fibers joining the 2 hemispheres of the brain). The disease seems to most often affect severe and chronic alcoholics in their middle or late adult life. Early symptoms may include depression, paranoia, psychosis, or dementia. Seizures are common, and hemiparesis, aphasia, abnormal movements, and ataxia may sometimesprogress to coma and/or death. The cause of Marchiafava Bignami disease, including the potential role of nutritional deficiency, remains unknown. Improvement and recovery of some individuals has been reported. Treatment focuses on nutritional support and rehabilitation from alcoholism.","GARD_Name__c":"Marchiafava-Bignami disease","GARD_Synonym__c":"central demyelination of corpus callosum; marchiafava bignami disease; marchiafava disease; mbd","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0006971","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Marchiafava Bignami disease is defined by characteristic demyelination of the corpus callosum (erosion of the protective covering of nerve fibers joining the 2 hemispheres of the brain). The disease seems to most often affect severe and chronic alcoholics in their middle or late adult life. Early symptoms may include depression, paranoia, psychosis, or dementia. Seizures are common, and hemiparesis, aphasia, abnormal movements, and ataxia may sometimes progress to coma and/or death. The cause of Marchiafava Bignami disease, including the potential role of nutritional deficiency, remains unknown.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":null,"Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"as an Adult","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:221074","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Entity","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0016370","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:221074","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Enfermedad de marchiafava-bignami","Spanish_Description_Source__c":null,"Spanish_Description__c":null,"Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"enfermedad de marchiafava-bignami","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":null,"Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:98006","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Marchiafava Bignami disease is defined by characteristic demyelination of the corpus callosum (erosion of the protective covering of nerve fibers joining the 2 hemispheres of the brain). The disease seems to most often affect severe and chronic alcoholics in their middle or late adult life. Early symptoms may include depression, paranoia, psychosis, or dementia. Seizures are common, and hemiparesis, aphasia, abnormal movements, and ataxia may sometimes progress to coma and/or death. The cause of Marchiafava Bignami disease, including the potential role of nutritional deficiency, remains unknown.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0006971","GARD_Synonym__c":"central demyelination of corpus callosum; marchiafava bignami disease; marchiafava disease; mbd","Name":"Marchiafava-Bignami disease","estimateUsa":""}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"Brain Foundation","Website__c":"http://www.brainfoundation.org.au/"},{"Account_Name__c":"National Organization of Disorders of the Corpus Callosum","Website__c":"https://nodcc.org/"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Neurology","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Neurological diseases affect the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, autonomic nerves, or other peripheral nerves.","curated_tag_name":"Neurological diseases"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Adult","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/221074","Source__c":"C0238265; MONDO:0016370; ORPHA:221074","Xref__c":"ORPHA:221074"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/C054319","Source__c":"C0238265; MONDO:0016370","Xref__c":"D054319"},{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0238265","Source__c":"C0238265","Xref__c":"C0238265"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=65955","Source__c":"C0238265","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:65955"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=386766007","Source__c":"C0238265; MONDO:0016370","Xref__c":"386766007"},{"URL__c":"https://evsexplore.semantics.cancer.gov/evsexplore/concept/ncit/C197857","Source__c":"C0238265","Xref__c":"C197857"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0016370","Source__c":"GARD:0006971","Xref__c":"MONDO:0016370"}],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormality of the corpus callosum.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001273","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal corpus callosum; Abnormality of the corpus callosum; Corpus callosum abnormality","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal corpus callosum morphology","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The term gait disturbance can refer to any disruption of the ability to walk.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001288","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal gait; Abnormal walk; Difficulty in walking; Gait abnormalities; Gait difficulties; Gait disturbances; Impaired gait; Walking disability","HPO_Name__c":"Gait disturbance","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Visual perception in the absence of a visual stimulus.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002367","HPO_Synonym__c":"Visual hallucinations","HPO_Name__c":"Visual hallucination","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Paralysis of one or more extraocular muscles that are responsible for eye movements.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000602","HPO_Synonym__c":"Eye muscle paralysis; Paralysis of extraocular eye movement","HPO_Name__c":"Ophthalmoplegia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The complete absence of wakefulness and consciousness, which is evident through a lack of response to any form of external stimuli.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001259","HPO_Synonym__c":"Coma; Persistent vegetative state; Stupor; Unconsciousness","HPO_Name__c":"Coma","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A disturbance in the experience or expression of emotion, characterized by alterations in valence, intensity, frequency, or duration. It may also involve emotional responses that are mismatched, exaggerated, or incongruent relative to internal expectations or external contextual stimuli, such as experiencing negative affect in response to neutral or positive events.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0100851","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal emotional state","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormality of eyesight (visual perception).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000504","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of sight; Abnormality of vision; Vision issue","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormality of vision","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A state of sudden and severe confusion.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0031258","HPO_Synonym__c":"Altered consciousness or cognition","HPO_Name__c":"Delirium","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Ataxia refers to impaired coordination of voluntary muscle movement. Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001251","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cerebellar ataxia","HPO_Name__c":"Ataxia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001250","HPO_Synonym__c":"Epileptic seizure; Seizures","HPO_Name__c":"Seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The concentration of vitamin B1 in the blood circulation is below the lower limit of normal.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0100503","HPO_Synonym__c":"Low levels of vitamin B1; Reduced blood thiamine level; Vitamin B1 deficiency","HPO_Name__c":"Decreased circulating vitamin B1 concentration","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Apathy is a quantitative reduction of interest, motivation and the initiation and persistence of goal-directed behavior, where often the accompanying emotions, thoughts, and social interactions are also diminished. The individual is typically non-reactive to provocations, positive or negative, and appears to not care. Distinguished from lethargy which involves lack of physical or mental energy.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000741","HPO_Synonym__c":"Lack of feeling, emotion, interest; Lack of feeling, emotion, interest, motivation, initiation; State of indifference","HPO_Name__c":"Apathy","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Complete lack of speech or verbal communication in a person despite attempts to engage in conversation. Mutism as a phenomena assumes the individual has previous capacity for speech and in the pediatric population it assumes that the person is past the age of typical language development.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002300","HPO_Synonym__c":"Inability to speak; Muteness","HPO_Name__c":"Mutism","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Lack of clarity and coherence of thought, perception, understanding, or action.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001289","HPO_Synonym__c":"Confusion; Disorientation; Easily confused; Mental disorientation","HPO_Name__c":"Confusion","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Weakness of all four limbs.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002273","HPO_Synonym__c":"Quadriparesis","HPO_Name__c":"Tetraparesis","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormality of the basal ganglia.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002134","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of the basal ganglia; Anomaly of the basal ganglia; Basal ganglia disease","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal basal ganglia morphology","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Body temperature elevated above the normal range.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001945","HPO_Synonym__c":"Fever; Hyperthermia; Pyrexia","HPO_Name__c":"Fever","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A state of abnormally strong desire for sleep during the daytime.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001262","HPO_Synonym__c":"Excessive daytime sleepiness; More than typical sleepiness during day","HPO_Name__c":"Excessive daytime somnolence","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Cephalgia, or pain sensed in various parts of the head, not confined to the area of distribution of any nerve.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002315","HPO_Synonym__c":"Headache; Headaches","HPO_Name__c":"Headache","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A delusion is a fixed false belief held despite evidence to the contrary. The term delusion broadly encompasses all false judgments that possess the following external characteristics to a significant, albeit unspecified, extent: (1) they are held with an exceptional level of conviction, accompanied by an unparalleled subjective certainty; (2) there is an inability to consider alternative experiences or compelling counter-arguments; (3) the content of the belief is impossible.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000746","HPO_Synonym__c":"Delusions","HPO_Name__c":"Delusion","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Loss of strength in the arm, leg, and sometimes face on one side of the body. Hemiplegia refers to a complete loss of strength, whereas hemiparesis refers to an incomplete loss of strength.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001269","HPO_Synonym__c":"Weakness of one side of body","HPO_Name__c":"Hemiparesis","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An addictive behavior is defined as drinking excessive amounts of alcohol over a prolonged period of time, having difficulty in reducing the amount of alcohol consumed, strongly desiring alcohol, and experiencing withdrawal symptoms when not drinking alcohol.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0030955","HPO_Synonym__c":"Alcohol addiction; Alcoholism","HPO_Name__c":"Addictive alcohol use","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A loss of global cognitive ability of sufficient amount to interfere with normal social or occupational function. Dementia represents a loss of previously present cognitive abilities, generally in adults, and can affect memory, thinking, language, judgment, and behavior.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000726","HPO_Synonym__c":"Dementia; Dementia, progressive; Progressive dementia","HPO_Name__c":"Dementia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A type of ataxia characterized by the impairment of the ability to coordinate the movements required for normal walking. Gait ataxia is characteirzed by a wide-based staggering gait with a tendency to fall.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002066","HPO_Synonym__c":"Ataxia of gait; Ataxic gait; Inability to coordinate movements when walking","HPO_Name__c":"Gait ataxia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Rhythmic, involuntary oscillations of one or both eyes related to abnormality in fixation, conjugate gaze, or vestibular mechanisms.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000639","HPO_Synonym__c":"Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic eye movements","HPO_Name__c":"Nystagmus","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormal cognition is characterized by deficits in thinking, reasoning, or remembering.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0100543","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of cognition; Cognitive abnormality; Cognitive defects; Cognitive deficits; Cognitive impairment; Intellectual impairment","HPO_Name__c":"Cognitive impairment","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A learning disorder characterized primarily by difficulties in learning to read and spell. Dyslectic children also exhibit a tendency to read words from right to left and to confuse letters such as b and d whose orientation is important for their identification. Children with dyslexia appear to be impaired in phonemic skills (the ability to associate visual symbols with the sounds they represent).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0010522","HPO_Synonym__c":"Reading disability","HPO_Name__c":"Dyslexia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Loss of the ability to control the urinary bladder leading to involuntary urination.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000020","HPO_Synonym__c":"Bladder incontinence; Loss of bladder control","HPO_Name__c":"Urinary incontinence","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Continuous involuntary sustained muscle contraction. When an affected muscle is passively stretched, the degree of resistance remains constant regardless of the rate at which the muscle is stretched. This feature helps to distinguish rigidity from muscle spasticity.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002063","HPO_Synonym__c":"Muscle rigidity; Rigidity","HPO_Name__c":"Rigidity","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Forceful ejection of the contents of the stomach through the mouth by means of a series of involuntary spasmic contractions.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002013","HPO_Synonym__c":"Emesis; Throwing up; Vomiting","HPO_Name__c":"Vomiting","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A writing disability in the absence of motor or sensory deficits of the upper extremities, resulting in an impairment in the ability to write regardless of the ability to read and not due to intellectual impairment.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0010526","HPO_Name__c":"Dysgraphia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Facial nerve palsy is a dysfunction of cranial nerve VII (the facial nerve) that results in inability to control facial muscles on the affected side with weakness of the muscles of facial expression and eye closure. This can either be present in unilateral or bilateral form.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0010628","HPO_Synonym__c":"Bell's palsy; Cranial nerve VII palsy; Facial nerve palsy; Facial nerve paralysis; Facial palsy, unilateral or bilateral; Seventh cranial nerve palsy; VII th cranial nerve palsy","HPO_Name__c":"Facial palsy","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001260","HPO_Synonym__c":"Difficulty articulating speech; Dysarthric speech","HPO_Name__c":"Dysarthria","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Loss of awareness of oneself or one's surroundings, involving (i) a loss of normal motor control is evident as flaccidity or stiffness, either of which can be accompanied by jerking movements, and postural control is lost so that patients fall if they are in an upright position; (ii) normal responsiveness is lost; and (iii) the patient experiences amnesia for the event. Loss of consciousness my be transitory (e.g., syncope) or prolonged.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0007185","HPO_Synonym__c":"Fainting; Loss of consciousness; Passing out","HPO_Name__c":"Loss of consciousness","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Atypical behavior is an abnormality in a person's actions that can be controlled or modulated by the will of the individual. While abnormal behaviors can be difficult to control, they are distinct from other abnormal actions that cannot be affected by the individual's will.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000708","HPO_Synonym__c":"Behavioral abnormality; Behavioral changes; Behavioral disorders; Behavioral disturbances; Behavioral problems; Behavioral symptoms; Behavioral/psychiatric abnormalities; Behavioural symptoms; Behavioural/Psychiatric abnormality; Psychiatric disorders; Psychiatric disturbances","HPO_Name__c":"Atypical behavior","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A deficiency in the intake of energy and nutrients.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0004395","HPO_Synonym__c":"Malnutrition","HPO_Name__c":"Malnutrition","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An inability to name people and objects that are correctly perceived. The individual is able to describe the object in question, but cannot provide the name.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0030784","HPO_Synonym__c":"Amnesic aphasia; Amnestic aphasia; Anomia; Nominal aphasia; Word-finding difficulty","HPO_Name__c":"Anomic aphasia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The primitive reflexes are a group of behavioral motor responses which are found in normal early development, are subsequently inhibited, but may be released from inhibition by cerebral, usually frontal, damage. They are thus part of a broader group of reflexes which reflect release phenomena, such as exaggerated stretch reflexes and extensor plantars. They do however involve more complex motor responses than such simple stretch reflexes, and are often a normal feature in the neonate or infant.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002476","HPO_Synonym__c":"Archaic reflex; Primitive reflexes","HPO_Name__c":"Primitive reflex","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An acquired language impairment of some or all of the abilities to produce or comprehend speech and to read or write.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002381","HPO_Synonym__c":"Difficulty finding words; Losing words; Loss of words","HPO_Name__c":"Aphasia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormal sensation of spinning while the body is actually stationary.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002321","HPO_Synonym__c":"Dizzy spell","HPO_Name__c":"Vertigo","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A defect in the understanding of complex motor commands and in the execution of certain learned movements, i.e., deficits in the cognitive components of learned movements.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002186","HPO_Name__c":"Apraxia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A loss of myelin from nerve fibers in the central nervous system.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0007305","HPO_Synonym__c":"Demyelination in central white matter","HPO_Name__c":"CNS demyelination","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An impairment of memory as manifested by a reduced ability to remember things such as dates and names, and increased forgetfulness.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002354","HPO_Synonym__c":"Amnesia; Forgetfulness; Memory impairment; Memory loss; Memory problems; Poor memory","HPO_Name__c":"Memory impairment","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Functional neurological abnormalities related to dysfunction of the pyramidal tract.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0007256","HPO_Synonym__c":"Corticospinal signs; Pyramidal signs; Pyramidal tract signs","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal pyramidal sign","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Increased concentration of protein in the cerebrospinal fluid.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002922","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cerebrospinal fluid protein increased; Cerebrospinal fluid with increased protein; Elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein; Elevated csf protein; Hyperproteinorrhachia; Increased CSF protein; Increased protein in csf; Spinal fluid protein elevated","HPO_Name__c":"Increased CSF protein concentration","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002509","HPO_Synonym__c":"Appendicular hypertonia; Increased muscle tone of arm or leg","HPO_Name__c":"Limb hypertonia","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A condition characterized by changes in personality and thought patterns, often accompanied by hallucinations and delusional beliefs, is known as psychosis.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000709","HPO_Synonym__c":"Psychosis","HPO_Name__c":"Psychosis","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Diplopia is a condition in which a single object is perceived as two images, it is also known as double vision.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000651","HPO_Synonym__c":"Double vision","HPO_Name__c":"Diplopia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Behavior or an act aimed at harming a person, animal, or physical property (e.g., acts of physical violence; shouting, swearing, and using harsh language; slashing someone's tires).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000718","HPO_Synonym__c":"Aggression; Aggressive behavior; Aggressiveness","HPO_Name__c":"Aggressive behavior","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:221074","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Frequently experiencing feelings of being down, miserable, and/or hopeless; struggling to recover from these moods; having a pessimistic outlook on the future; feeling a pervasive sense of shame; having a low self-worth; experiencing thoughts of suicide and engaging in suicidal behavior.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000716","HPO_Synonym__c":"Depression; Depressive episode; Depressivity","HPO_Name__c":"Depression","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}}],"tags":{"Disease Category":["Neurology"],"Specialist":["Neurology"]},"synonyms":["central demyelination of corpus callosum"," marchiafava bignami disease"," marchiafava disease"," mbd"]}