{"Name":"Wilson disease","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0007893","id":7893,"encodedName":"wilson-disease","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Wilson disease","Xref_IDs__c":"88518009; C0019202; C84756; D006527; DOID:893; E83.01; MEDGEN:42426; MONDO:0010200; NBK1512; OMIM:277900; ORPHA:905","USA_Estimate__c":"50,000","No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":9,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":1,"No_of_HHS_records__c":4,"World_Estimate__c":"80,000 to 800,000","No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":6,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":5,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":8,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":4,"Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0010200","Disease_Description__c":"A rare genetic disorder of copper metabolism presenting with non-specific hepatic, neurologic, psychiatric or ophthalmologic manifestations due to impaired biliary copper excretion and consecutive excessive copper deposition in the body.","GARD_Name__c":"Wilson disease","GARD_Synonym__c":"cerebral pseudosclerosis; copper storage disease; hepatocerebral degeneration; hepatolenticular degeneration; hepatolenticular degeneration syndrome; kinnier-wilson disease; neurohepatic degeneration; progressive lenticular degeneration; pseudosclerotic type of wilson's disease; wd - wilson's disease; westphal pseudosclerosis; westphal-strumpell cerebral pseudosclerosis; westphal-strumpell form of wilson's disease; westphal-strumpell syndrome; wilson's disease; wnd","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0007893","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Wilson disease is an inherited disorder in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the body, particularly in the liver, brain, and eyes. The signs and symptoms of Wilson disease usually first appear between the ages of 6 and 45, but they most often begin during the teenage years. The features of this condition include a combination of liver disease and neurological and psychiatric problems. Liver disease is typically the initial feature of Wilson disease in affected children and young adults; individuals diagnosed at an older age usually do not have symptoms of liver problems, although they may have very mild liver disease. The signs and symptoms of liver disease include yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes (jaundice), fatigue, loss of appetite, and abdominal swelling. Nervous system or psychiatric problems are often the initial features in individuals diagnosed in adulthood and commonly occur in young adults with Wilson disease. Signs and symptoms of these problems can include clumsiness, tremors, difficulty walking, speech problems, impaired thinking ability, depression, anxiety, and mood swings. In many individuals with Wilson disease, copper deposits in the front surface of the eye (the cornea) form a green-to-brownish ring, called the Kayser-Fleischer ring, that surrounds the colored part of the eye. Abnormalities in eye movements, such as a restricted ability to gaze upwards, may also occur.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"50,000","Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"at a variety of ages","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:905","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Entity","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0010200","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:905","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Enfermedad de wilson","Spanish_Description_Source__c":"ORPHA:905","Spanish_Description__c":"Es un trastorno genético y poco frecuente del metabolismo del cobre que debuta con manifestaciones hepáticas, neurológicas, psiquiátricas u oftalmológicas inespecíficas debido a la alteración de la excreción biliar de cobre y al consiguiente depósito excesivo de cobre en el organismo.","Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"enfermedad de wilson","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":null,"Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:57146","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Wilson disease is an inherited disorder in which excessive amounts of copper accumulate in the body, particularly in the liver, brain, and eyes. The signs and symptoms of Wilson disease usually first appear between the ages of 6 and 45, but they most often begin during the teenage years. The features of this condition include a combination of liver disease and neurological and psychiatric problems. Liver disease is typically the initial feature of Wilson disease in affected children and young adults; individuals diagnosed at an older age usually do not have symptoms of liver problems, although they may have very mild liver disease. The signs and symptoms of liver disease include yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes (jaundice), fatigue, loss of appetite, and abdominal swelling. Nervous system or psychiatric problems are often the initial features in individuals diagnosed in adulthood and commonly occur in young adults with Wilson disease. Signs and symptoms of these problems can include clumsiness, tremors, difficulty walking, speech problems, impaired thinking ability, depression, anxiety, and mood swings. In many individuals with Wilson disease, copper deposits in the front surface of the eye (the cornea) form a green-to-brownish ring, called the Kayser-Fleischer ring, that surrounds the colored part of the eye. Abnormalities in eye movements, such as a restricted ability to gaze upwards, may also occur.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0007893","GARD_Synonym__c":"cerebral pseudosclerosis; copper storage disease; hepatocerebral degeneration; hepatolenticular degeneration; hepatolenticular degeneration syndrome; kinnier-wilson disease; neurohepatic degeneration; progressive lenticular degeneration; pseudosclerotic type of wilson's disease; wd - wilson's disease; westphal pseudosclerosis; westphal-strumpell cerebral pseudosclerosis; westphal-strumpell form of wilson's disease; westphal-strumpell syndrome; wilson's disease; wnd","Name":"Wilson disease","Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"50,000","estimateUsa":"50,000"}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"Children's Liver Disease Foundation","Website__c":"https://childliverdisease.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society","Website__c":"https://www.movementdisorders.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"National Tremor Foundation","Website__c":"https://tremor.org.uk/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Metabolic Support UK","Website__c":"https://www.metabolicsupportuk.org"},{"Account_Name__c":"Wilson Disease Association","Website__c":"https://www.wilsonsdisease.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"American Liver Foundation","Website__c":"https://liverfoundation.org/"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Genetics","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Genetic diseases affect the DNA, or genetic instructions, which directs how tissues, organs, and body systems function.","curated_tag_name":"Genetic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neurology","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Neurological diseases affect the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, autonomic nerves, or other peripheral nerves.","curated_tag_name":"Neurological diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Ophthalmology","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Nephrology","Tag_Category__c":"Account;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Kidney diseases affect the kidneys' ability to remove waste and water from blood, create urine, or make certain hormones.","curated_tag_name":"Kidney diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Gastroenterology","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Gastrointestinal diseases, or digestive diseases, affect the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, or pancreas.","curated_tag_name":"Gastrointestinal diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Psychiatry","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Inborn Errors of Metabolism","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category","category_description":"Inherited metabolic diseases, or inborn errors of metabolism, are a group of genetic diseases that affect the ability of the body's cells to convert food into energy.","curated_tag_name":"Inherited metabolic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Dystonia","Tag_Category__c":"Account","curated_tag_name":"Dystonia"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Peripheral Neuropathy","Tag_Category__c":"Account","curated_tag_name":"Peripheral neuropathy"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Epilepsy","Tag_Category__c":"Account;Specialist","curated_tag_name":"Epilepsy"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neuro-Ophthalmology","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist","curated_tag_name":"Neuro-ophthalmic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pediatrics","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Elderly","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Adolescent","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Childhood","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Adult","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905"}],"Diagnosis__c":[{"Type__c":"GTR","Curie__c":"MEDGEN:C0019202"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://raresource.nih.gov/diseases/filter/0007893","Source__c":"RareSource"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1512","Source__c":"Gene Review","Xref__c":"NBK1512"},{"URL__c":"https://www.omim.org/entry/277900","Source__c":"C0019202; MONDO:0010200; ORPHA:905","Xref__c":"OMIM:277900"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=42426","Source__c":"C0019202","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:42426"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=88518009","Source__c":"C0019202; MONDO:0010200","Xref__c":"88518009"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/doid/classes?obo_id=DOID%3A893","Source__c":"MONDO:0010200","Xref__c":"DOID:893"},{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0019202","Source__c":"C0019202","Xref__c":"C0019202"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/ICD10CM/E83.01","Source__c":"MONDO:0010200","Xref__c":"E83.01"},{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/905","Source__c":"C0019202; MONDO:0010200; ORPHA:905","Xref__c":"ORPHA:905"},{"URL__c":"https://evsexplore.semantics.cancer.gov/evsexplore/concept/ncit/C84756","Source__c":"C0019202; MONDO:0010200","Xref__c":"C84756"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/C006527","Source__c":"C0019202; MONDO:0010200","Xref__c":"D006527"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0010200","Source__c":"GARD:0007893","Xref__c":"MONDO:0010200"},{"URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/wilson-disease","Source__c":"GARD:0007893","Xref__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/wilson-disease"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=190823004","Source__c":"C0019202","Xref__c":"190823004"},{"URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/wilsondisease.html"},{"URL__c":"https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/liver-disease/wilson-disease"},{"URL__c":"https://www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Wilson-Disease"}],"GARD_Disease_Gene__c":[{"GeneSymbol__c":"ATP7B","GHR_URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/atp7b","Gene_Type__c":"protein-coding gene","Causal_Gene__c":true}],"Inheritance__c":["Autosomal recessive"],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to bone.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002653","HPO_Synonym__c":"Bone pain","HPO_Name__c":"Bone pain","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormally increased muscular tone that causes fixed abnormal postures. There is a slow, intermittent twisting motion that leads to exaggerated turning and posture of the extremities and trunk.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001332","HPO_Synonym__c":"Dystonic movements","HPO_Name__c":"Dystonia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001508","HPO_Synonym__c":"Faltering weight; FTT; Postnatal failure to thrive; Weight faltering","HPO_Name__c":"Failure to thrive","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Elevations of the levels of SGOT and SGPT in the serum. SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) and SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) are transaminases primarily found in the liver and heart and are released into the bloodstream as the result of liver or heart damage. SGOT and SGPT are used clinically mainly as markers of liver damage.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002910","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal liver enzymes; Abnormal liver function; Abnormal liver function tests; Elevated circulating hepatic transaminase activity; Elevated liver enzymes; Elevated serum transaminases; Elevated transaminases; High liver enzymes; Increased liver enzymes; Increased liver function tests; Increased transaminases; Raised liver enzymes; Subclinical abnormal liver function tests","HPO_Name__c":"Elevated circulating hepatic transaminase concentration","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001250","HPO_Synonym__c":"Epileptic seizure; Seizures","HPO_Name__c":"Seizure","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A condition caused by a deficiency of parathyroid hormone characterized by hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000829","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased parathyroid hormone secretion; Low parathyroid hormone","HPO_Name__c":"Hypoparathyroidism","Feature_System__c":"Endocrine System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Joint pain.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002829","HPO_Synonym__c":"Arthralgias; Joint pain","HPO_Name__c":"Arthralgia","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Chorea (Greek for 'dance') refers to widespread arrhythmic involuntary movements of a forcible, jerky and restless fashion. It is a random-appearing sequence of one or more discrete involuntary movements or movement fragments. Movements appear random because of variability in timing, duration or location. Each movement may have a distinct start and end. However, movements may be strung together and thus may appear to flow randomly from one muscle group to another. Chorea can involve the trunk, neck, face, tongue, and extremities.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002072","HPO_Synonym__c":"Choreic movements; Choreiform movements","HPO_Name__c":"Chorea","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Inflammation of a joint.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001369","HPO_Synonym__c":"Arthritis; Joint inflammation","HPO_Name__c":"Arthritis","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Lack of physical coordination resulting in an abnormal tendency to drop items or bump into objects.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002312","HPO_Synonym__c":"Clumsiness","HPO_Name__c":"Clumsiness","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An increased concentration of an amino acid in the urine.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003355","HPO_Synonym__c":"High urine amino acid levels; Hyperaminoaciduria; Increased levels of animo acids in urine","HPO_Name__c":"Aminoaciduria","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Inflammation of the liver.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0012115","HPO_Synonym__c":"Liver inflammation","HPO_Name__c":"Hepatitis","Feature_System__c":"Immune System; Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Reduction of total body weight.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001824","HPO_Synonym__c":"Loss of weight","HPO_Name__c":"Weight loss","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Decreased concentration of ceruloplasmin in the blood.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0010837","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased serum ceruloplasmin; Decreased serum ceruloplasminA; Hypoceruloplasminemia","HPO_Name__c":"Decreased circulating ceruloplasmin concentration","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormal shift in patterns of thinking, acting, or feeling.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000751","HPO_Synonym__c":"Personality change; Personality changes","HPO_Name__c":"Personality changes","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Excessive production of saliva.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003781","HPO_Synonym__c":"Excessive production of saliva; Excessive salivation; Hypersalivation; Mouth watering; Oversalivation; Ptyalism; Watery mouth","HPO_Name__c":"Excessive salivation","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Perceptions in a conscious and awake state that, in the absence of external stimuli, have qualities of real perception. 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Etiologies include viral hepatitis, drugs, toxins, and autoimmune disorders.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0200119","HPO_Synonym__c":"Acute liver inflammation","HPO_Name__c":"Acute hepatitis","Feature_System__c":"Immune System; Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of calculi (stones) in the kidneys.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000787","HPO_Synonym__c":"Kidney stones; Renal calculi; Renal stones","HPO_Name__c":"Nephrolithiasis","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) localized to the back.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003418","HPO_Synonym__c":"Back pain","HPO_Name__c":"Back pain","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A lack of strength of the proximal muscles of the legs.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0008994","HPO_Synonym__c":"Muscle weakness, proximal, lower limbs; Proximal muscle weakness in lower limbs","HPO_Name__c":"Proximal lower limb muscle weakness","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality affecting one or both hands.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001155","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal hands; Abnormality of the hand; Hand anomalies; Hand deformities","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormality of the hand","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormally increased body weight.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0004324","HPO_Synonym__c":"Increased body weight","HPO_Name__c":"Increased body weight","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Grey-green or brownish-pigmented ring in the deep epithelial layers at the outer border of the cornea.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0200032","HPO_Synonym__c":"Fleischer's ring; Fleischer-Kayser ring; Fleischer-Struempell ring","HPO_Name__c":"Kayser-Fleischer ring","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A lighter than expected T2 signal on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brainstem. This term refers to a localized hyperintensity affecting a particular region of the brainstem.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0012748","HPO_Name__c":"Focal T2 hyperintense brainstem lesion","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Imaging_MRI"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A type of anemia caused by premature destruction of red blood cells (hemolysis).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001878","HPO_Synonym__c":"Haemolytic anemia; Increased hemolysis","HPO_Name__c":"Hemolytic anemia","Feature_System__c":"Blood and Blood-Forming Tissue","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of inflammation in the pancreas.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001733","HPO_Synonym__c":"Pancreatic inflammation","HPO_Name__c":"Pancreatitis","Feature_System__c":"Immune System; Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A chronic disorder of the liver in which liver tissue becomes scarred and is partially replaced by regenerative nodules and fibrotic tissue resulting in loss of liver function.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001394","HPO_Synonym__c":"Hepatic cirrhosis; Scar tissue replaces healthy tissue in the liver","HPO_Name__c":"Cirrhosis","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A reduction in erythrocytes volume or hemoglobin concentration.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001903","HPO_Synonym__c":"Anaemia; Low number of red blood cells or hemoglobin","HPO_Name__c":"Anemia","Feature_System__c":"Blood and Blood-Forming Tissue","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An unpleasant sensation characterized by physical discomfort (such as pricking, throbbing, or aching) and perceived to originate in the abdomen.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002027","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abdominal pain; Pain in stomach; Stomach pain","HPO_Name__c":"Abdominal pain","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity (between the layers of the peritoneum that lines the abdomen).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001541","HPO_Synonym__c":"Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen; Peritoneal effusion","HPO_Name__c":"Ascites","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormal increase of libido (sexual desire), typically accompanied by a higher frequency of sexual activity compared to from a person's previous norm.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:5200321","HPO_Synonym__c":"Hypersexuality; Increase in sexual behavior; Increased sexual behavior","HPO_Name__c":"Amplification of sexual behavior","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Steatosis is a term used to denote lipid accumulation within hepatocytes.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001397","HPO_Synonym__c":"Fatty infiltration of liver; Fatty liver; Liver steatosis; Steatosis","HPO_Name__c":"Hepatic steatosis","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Lab"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The term gait disturbance can refer to any disruption of the ability to walk.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001288","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal gait; Abnormal walk; Difficulty in walking; Gait abnormalities; Gait difficulties; Gait disturbances; Impaired gait; Walking disability","HPO_Name__c":"Gait disturbance","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormally increased size of the liver.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002240","HPO_Synonym__c":"Enlarged liver","HPO_Name__c":"Hepatomegaly","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Behavior or an act aimed at harming a person, animal, or physical property (e.g., acts of physical violence; shouting, swearing, and using harsh language; slashing someone's tires).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000718","HPO_Synonym__c":"Aggression; Aggressive behavior; Aggressiveness","HPO_Name__c":"Aggressive behavior","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Frequently experiencing feelings of being down, miserable, and/or hopeless; struggling to recover from these moods; having a pessimistic outlook on the future; feeling a pervasive sense of shame; having a low self-worth; experiencing thoughts of suicide and engaging in suicidal behavior.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000716","HPO_Synonym__c":"Depression; Depressive episode; Depressivity","HPO_Name__c":"Depression","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001386","HPO_Synonym__c":"Joint swelling","HPO_Name__c":"Joint swelling","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Pruritus is an itch or a sensation that makes a person want to scratch. This term refers to an abnormally increased disposition to experience pruritus.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000989","HPO_Synonym__c":"Itching; Itchy skin; Skin itching","HPO_Name__c":"Pruritus","Feature_System__c":"Skin System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the ovulation cycle.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000140","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of the menstrual cycle","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormality of the menstrual cycle","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Hepatic failure refers to the inability of the liver to perform its normal synthetic and metabolic functions, which can result in coagulopathy and alteration in the mental status of a previously healthy individual. Hepatic failure is defined as acute if there is onset of encephalopathy within 8 weeks of the onset of symptoms in a patient with a previously healthy liver.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0006554","HPO_Synonym__c":"Acute liver failure","HPO_Name__c":"Acute hepatic failure","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A reduction in the number of circulating thrombocytes.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001873","HPO_Synonym__c":"Low platelet count","HPO_Name__c":"Thrombocytopenia","Feature_System__c":"Blood and Blood-Forming Tissue","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Forceful ejection of the contents of the stomach through the mouth by means of a series of involuntary spasmic contractions.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002013","HPO_Synonym__c":"Emesis; Throwing up; Vomiting","HPO_Name__c":"Vomiting","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An ecchymosis (bruise) refers to the skin discoloration caused by the escape of blood into the tissues from ruptured blood vessels. This term refers to an abnormally increased susceptibility to bruising. The corresponding phenotypic abnormality is generally elicited on medical history as a report of frequent ecchymoses or bruising without adequate trauma.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000978","HPO_Synonym__c":"Bruisability; Bruise easily; Bruising susceptibility; Easy bruisability; Easy bruising","HPO_Name__c":"Bruising susceptibility","Feature_System__c":"Skin System; Cardiovascular System; Blood and Blood-Forming Tissue","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000789","HPO_Synonym__c":"Infertility","HPO_Name__c":"Infertility","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormal increased size of the spleen.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001744","HPO_Synonym__c":"Increased spleen size; Large spleen","HPO_Name__c":"Splenomegaly","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System; Immune System; Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Intense feelings of nervousness, tension, or panic often arise in response to interpersonal stresses. There is worry about the negative effects of past unpleasant experiences and future negative possibilities. Individuals may feel fearful, apprehensive, or threatened by uncertainty, and they may also have fears of falling apart or losing control.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000739","HPO_Synonym__c":"Anxiety; Anxiousness; Excessive, persistent worry and fear","HPO_Name__c":"Anxiety","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A pathologic fracture occurs when a bone breaks in an area that is weakened secondarily to another disease process such as tumor, infection, and certain inherited bone disorders. A pathologic fracture can occur without a degree of trauma required to cause fracture in healthy bone.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002756","HPO_Synonym__c":"Spontaneous fracture","HPO_Name__c":"Pathologic fracture","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An unintentional, oscillating to-and-fro muscle movement about a joint axis.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001337","HPO_Synonym__c":"Tremor; Tremors","HPO_Name__c":"Tremor","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001260","HPO_Synonym__c":"Difficulty articulating speech; Dysarthric speech","HPO_Name__c":"Dysarthria","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:905","HPO_Frequency__c":"Uncommon (<1-4%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Sunflower cataract (SC) is a type of anterior subcapsular cataract almost only seen in Wilson disease, an autosomal-recessive condition with a defect in the metabolism of copper leading to accumulation of copper in the liver and basal ganglia. SC consists of a thin, centralized opacification that is located directly under the anterior capsule and encompasses between one-third and one-half of the anterior lens pole surface area. In all cases, the central opacification is surrounded by additional, secondary opacifications arranged in ray-like structures around it. This pattern is said to resemble a sunflower, with a large central disk surrounded by petals.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:6000642","HPO_Name__c":"Sunflower cataract","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}}],"tags":{"Cause":["Genetics","Inborn Errors of Metabolism"],"Disease Category":["Genetics","Neurology","Nephrology","Gastroenterology","Inborn Errors of Metabolism"],"Specialist":["Genetics","Neurology","Ophthalmology","Nephrology","Gastroenterology","Psychiatry","Epilepsy","Neuro-Ophthalmology","Pediatrics"],"Account":["Nephrology","Dystonia","Peripheral Neuropathy","Epilepsy"]},"synonyms":["cerebral pseudosclerosis"," copper storage disease"," hepatocerebral degeneration"," hepatolenticular degeneration"," hepatolenticular degeneration syndrome"," kinnier-wilson disease"," neurohepatic degeneration"," progressive lenticular degeneration"," pseudosclerotic type of wilson's disease"," wd - wilson's disease"," westphal pseudosclerosis"," westphal-strumpell cerebral pseudosclerosis"," westphal-strumpell form of wilson's disease"," westphal-strumpell syndrome"," wilson's disease"," wnd"]}