{"Name":"Alveolar capillary dysplasia with pulmonary venous misalignment","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0008644","id":8644,"encodedName":"alveolar-capillary-dysplasia-with-pulmonary-venous-misalignment","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Alveolar capillary dysplasia with pulmonary venous misalignment","Xref_IDs__c":"447275002; C2960310; C536590; C98809; DOID:13042; MEDGEN:755478; MONDO:0009934; ORPHA:210122","USA_Estimate__c":"50,000","No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":4,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":0,"No_of_HHS_records__c":0,"World_Estimate__c":"80,000 to 800,000","No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":0,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":4,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":7,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":2,"Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0009934","Disease_Description__c":"Congenital alveolar capillary dysplasia (ACD) is a rare and fatal developmental lung disease characterized by respiratory distress in neonates due to refractory hypoxemia and severe pulmonary arterial hypertension.","GARD_Name__c":"Alveolar capillary dysplasia with pulmonary venous misalignment","GARD_Synonym__c":"acdmpv; alveolar capillary dysplasia; alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins; alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins and other congenital anomalies; alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary vessels; congenital alveolar capillary dysplasia; congenital alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins; fetal circulation; foetal circulation","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0009934","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACD/MPV) is a disorder affecting the development of the lungs and their blood vessels. The disorder affects the millions of small air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs and the tiny blood vessels (capillaries) in the alveoli. It is through these alveolar capillaries that inhaled oxygen enters the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body and carbon dioxide leaves the bloodstream to be exhaled. In ACD/MPV, the alveolar capillaries fail to develop normally. The number of capillaries is drastically reduced, and existing capillaries are improperly positioned within the walls of the alveoli. These abnormalities in capillary number and location impede the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Other abnormalities of the blood vessels in the lungs also occur in ACD/MPV.  The veins that carry blood from the lungs into the heart (pulmonary veins) are improperly positioned and may be abnormally bundled together with arteries that carry blood from the heart to the lungs (pulmonary arteries). The muscle tissue in the walls of the pulmonary arteries may be overgrown, resulting in thicker artery walls and a narrower channel. These changes restrict normal blood flow, which causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries (pulmonary hypertension) and requires the heart to pump harder. Most infants with ACD/MPV are born with additional abnormalities. These may include abnormal twisting (malrotation) of the large intestine or other malformations of the gastrointestinal tract. Cardiovascular and genitourinary abnormalities are also common in affected individuals. Infants with ACD/MPV typically develop respiratory distress within a few minutes to a few hours after birth. They experience shortness of breath and cyanosis, which is a bluish appearance of the skin, mucous membranes, or the area underneath the fingernails caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood. Without lung transplantation, infants with ACD/MPV have not been known to survive past one year of age, and most affected infants live only a few weeks.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"50,000","Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"as a Newborn and as an Infant","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:210122","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Entity","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0009934","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:210122","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Displasia capilar alveolar congénita","Spanish_Description_Source__c":"ORPHA:210122","Spanish_Description__c":"Es una enfermedad del desarrollo pulmonar poco frecuente y fatal caracterizada por distrés respiratorio en neonatos debido a la hipoxemia refractaria e hipertensión arterial pulmonar grave.","Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"displasia capilar alveolar congénita","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":"acdmpv; displasia alveolo-capilar con mal alineamiento de las vasos pulmonares; displasia alveolo-capilar con mal alineamiento de las venas pulmonares","Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:97955","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACD/MPV) is a disorder affecting the development of the lungs and their blood vessels. The disorder affects the millions of small air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs and the tiny blood vessels (capillaries) in the alveoli. It is through these alveolar capillaries that inhaled oxygen enters the bloodstream for distribution throughout the body and carbon dioxide leaves the bloodstream to be exhaled. In ACD/MPV, the alveolar capillaries fail to develop normally. The number of capillaries is drastically reduced, and existing capillaries are improperly positioned within the walls of the alveoli. These abnormalities in capillary number and location impede the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Other abnormalities of the blood vessels in the lungs also occur in ACD/MPV.  The veins that carry blood from the lungs into the heart (pulmonary veins) are improperly positioned and may be abnormally bundled together with arteries that carry blood from the heart to the lungs (pulmonary arteries). The muscle tissue in the walls of the pulmonary arteries may be overgrown, resulting in thicker artery walls and a narrower channel. These changes restrict normal blood flow, which causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries (pulmonary hypertension) and requires the heart to pump harder. Most infants with ACD/MPV are born with additional abnormalities. These may include abnormal twisting (malrotation) of the large intestine or other malformations of the gastrointestinal tract. Cardiovascular and genitourinary abnormalities are also common in affected individuals. Infants with ACD/MPV typically develop respiratory distress within a few minutes to a few hours after birth. They experience shortness of breath and cyanosis, which is a bluish appearance of the skin, mucous membranes, or the area underneath the fingernails caused by a lack of oxygen in the blood. Without lung transplantation, infants with ACD/MPV have not been known to survive past one year of age, and most affected infants live only a few weeks.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0009934","GARD_Synonym__c":"acdmpv; alveolar capillary dysplasia; alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins; alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins and other congenital anomalies; alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary vessels; congenital alveolar capillary dysplasia; congenital alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins; fetal circulation; foetal circulation","Name":"Alveolar capillary dysplasia with pulmonary venous misalignment","Curated_USA_Estimate__c":"50,000","estimateUsa":"50,000"}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia Association","Website__c":"https://acdassociation.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Children's Interstitial Lung Disease Foundation","Website__c":"https://child-foundation.org/"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Genetics","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Genetic diseases affect the DNA, or genetic instructions, which directs how tissues, organs, and body systems function.","curated_tag_name":"Genetic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pulmonology","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Respiratory diseases affect the nose, mouth, throat, voice box, windpipe, lungs, or blood vessels.","curated_tag_name":"Respiratory diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Congenital Heart Disease","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist","curated_tag_name":"Congenital heart disease"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Pediatrics","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Infancy","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122"},{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Neonatal","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122"}],"Diagnosis__c":[{"Type__c":"GTR","Curie__c":"MEDGEN:C0031190"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://raresource.nih.gov/diseases/filter/0008644","Source__c":"RareSource"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/doid/classes?obo_id=DOID%3A13042","Source__c":"MONDO:0009934","Xref__c":"DOID:13042"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=755478","Source__c":"C2960310","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:755478"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=447275002","Source__c":"C2960310; MONDO:0009934","Xref__c":"447275002"},{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C2960310","Source__c":"C2960310","Xref__c":"C2960310"},{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/210122","Source__c":"C2960310; MONDO:0009934","Xref__c":"ORPHA:210122"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/C536590","Source__c":"MONDO:0009934","Xref__c":"C536590"},{"URL__c":"https://evsexplore.semantics.cancer.gov/evsexplore/concept/ncit/C98809","Source__c":"MONDO:0009934","Xref__c":"C98809"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0009934","Source__c":"GARD:0008644","Xref__c":"MONDO:0009934"}],"GARD_Disease_Gene__c":[{"GeneSymbol__c":"FOXF1","GHR_URL__c":"https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/foxf1","Gene_Type__c":"protein-coding gene","Causal_Gene__c":true}],"Inheritance__c":["Autosomal dominant"],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Absence (aplasia) of the spleen.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001746","HPO_Synonym__c":"Absent spleen","HPO_Name__c":"Asplenia","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System; Immune System; Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of the intestinal rotation and fixation that normally occurs during the development of the gut. This can lead to volvulus, or twisting of the intestine that causes obstruction and necrosis.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002566","HPO_Synonym__c":"Malrotation","HPO_Name__c":"Intestinal malrotation","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"In utero, the ductus arteriosus (DA) serves to divert ventricular output away from the lungs and toward the placenta by connecting the main pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. A patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in the first 3 days of life is a physiologic shunt in healthy term and preterm newborn infants, and normally is substantially closed within about 24 hours after bith and completely closed after about three weeks. Failure of physiologcal closure is referred to a persistent or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Depending on the degree of left-to-right shunting, PDA can have clinical consequences.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001643","HPO_Synonym__c":"Ductus arteriosus; Patent ductus Botalli; PDA; Persistent arterial duct; Persistent ductus arteriosus","HPO_Name__c":"Patent ductus arteriosus","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A defect of the atrioventricular septum of the heart.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0006695","HPO_Synonym__c":"Atrioventricular septal defect; Endocardial cushion defect","HPO_Name__c":"Atrioventricular canal defect","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Abnormal twisting of a portion of intestine around itself or around a stalk of mesentery tissue.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002580","HPO_Name__c":"Volvulus","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of an aortic valve with two instead of the normal three cusps (flaps). Bicuspid aortic valvue is a malformation of a commissure (small space between the attachment of each cusp to the aortic wall) and the adjacent parts of the two corresponding cusps forming a raphe (the fused area of the two underdeveloped cusps turning into a malformed commissure between both cusps; the raphe is a fibrous ridge that extends from the commissure to the free edge of the two underdeveloped, conjoint cusps).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001647","HPO_Synonym__c":"Aortic valve has two leaflets rather than three","HPO_Name__c":"Bicuspid aortic valve","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart. The defect is centered around the most superior aspect of the ventricular septum.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001629","HPO_Synonym__c":"Hole in heart wall separating two lower heart chambers; Ventricular septal defects; Ventriculoseptal defect; VSD","HPO_Name__c":"Ventricular septal defect","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Single umbilical artery (SUA) is the absence of one of the two umbilical arteries surrounding the fetal bladder and in the fetal umbilical cord.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001195","HPO_Synonym__c":"2 vessel cord; 2 vessel umbilical cord; Only one artery in umbilical cord instead of two; SUA; Two vessel cord; Two vessel umbilical cord; Two-vessel cord","HPO_Name__c":"Single umbilical artery","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Imaging_Ultrasound_Fetal; Imaging_Echocardiogram"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality resulting from a lack of intestinal ganglion cells (i.e., an aganglionic section of bowel) that results in bowel obstruction with enlargement of the colon.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002251","HPO_Synonym__c":"Enlarged colon lacking nerve cells; Hirschsprung megacolon","HPO_Name__c":"Aganglionic megacolon","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System; Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Congenital absence of the anus, i.e., the opening at the bottom end of the intestinal tract.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002023","HPO_Synonym__c":"Absent anus","HPO_Name__c":"Anal atresia","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Atrial septal defect (ASD) is a congenital abnormality of the interatrial septum that enables blood flow between the left and right atria via the interatrial septum.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001631","HPO_Synonym__c":"An opening in the wall separating the top two chambers of the heart; ASD; Atria septal defect; Atrial septum defect; Atrioseptal defect; Defect in the atrial septum; Hole in heart wall separating two upper heart chambers","HPO_Name__c":"Atrial septal defect","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Pulmonary hypertension is defined mean pulmonary artery pressure of 25mmHg or more and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 15mmHg or less when measured by right heart catheterisation at rest and in a supine position.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002092","HPO_Synonym__c":"Increased blood pressure in blood vessels of lungs; Pulmonary artery hypertension","HPO_Name__c":"Pulmonary arterial hypertension","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System; Respiratory system","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Severe distention of the kidney with dilation of the renal pelvis and calices.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0000126","HPO_Name__c":"Hydronephrosis","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Respiratory distress is objectively observable as the physical or emotional consequences from the experience of dyspnea. The physical presentation of respiratory distress is generally referred to as labored breathing, while the sensation of respiratory distress is called shortness of breath or dyspnea.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002098","HPO_Synonym__c":"Breathing difficulties; Labored breathing; Respiratory difficulties","HPO_Name__c":"Respiratory distress","Feature_System__c":"Respiratory system","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A congenital disorder of the pulmonary valve in which the orifice of the valve fails to develop.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0010882","HPO_Name__c":"Pulmonary valve atresia","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The presence of a stenosis (narrowing) of the aortic valve.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001650","HPO_Synonym__c":"Aortic stenosis; Narrowing of aortic valve; Valvular aortic stenosis","HPO_Name__c":"Aortic valve stenosis","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormality of one or more of the vertebrae.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003468","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal vertebrae; Abnormality of the vertebrae; Vertebral anomalies","HPO_Name__c":"Abnormal vertebral morphology","Feature_System__c":"Musculoskeletal System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The narrowing or partial blockage of a portion of the duodenum.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0100867","HPO_Synonym__c":"Duodenal stenosis/atresia","HPO_Name__c":"Duodenal stenosis","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A congenital anomaly in which the pancreas completely (or sometimes incompletely) encircles the second portion of duodenum and occasionally obstructs the more proximal duodenum.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001734","HPO_Name__c":"Annular pancreas","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A developmental defect in which the gallbladder fails to form.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0011467","HPO_Synonym__c":"Absent gallbladder; Agenesis of the gallbladder; Aplasia of the gallbladder","HPO_Name__c":"Absent gallbladder","Feature_System__c":"Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A congenital cardiac malformation comprising pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septum defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy. The diagnosis of TOF is made if at least three of the four above mentioned features are present.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001636","HPO_Synonym__c":"Tetrology of fallot","HPO_Name__c":"Tetralogy of Fallot","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A severe congenital heart defect characterized by underdevelopment of the left ventricle.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0004383","HPO_Synonym__c":"Heart left ventricle hypoplasia; Left ventricular hypoplasia; Underdeveloped left heart","HPO_Name__c":"Hypoplastic left ventricle","Feature_System__c":"Cardiovascular System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:210122","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An abnormal connection (fistula) between the esophagus and the trachea.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002575","HPO_Name__c":"Tracheoesophageal fistula","Feature_System__c":"Respiratory system; Digestive System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}}],"tags":{"Cause":["Genetics"],"Disease Category":["Genetics","Pulmonology"],"Specialist":["Genetics","Pulmonology","Congenital Heart Disease","Pediatrics"]},"synonyms":["acdmpv"," alveolar capillary dysplasia"," alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins"," alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins and other congenital anomalies"," alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary vessels"," congenital alveolar capillary dysplasia"," congenital alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins"," fetal circulation"," foetal circulation"]}