{"Name":"Spinocerebellar ataxia type 4","DiseaseID__c":"GARD:0009970","id":9970,"encodedName":"spinocerebellar-ataxia-type-4","IsDeleted":false,"Disease_Name_Full__c":"Spinocerebellar ataxia type 4","Xref_IDs__c":"715755008; C0752122; DOID:0050957; MEDGEN:199815; MONDO:0010847; NBK610215; OMIM:600223; ORPHA:98765","USA_Estimate__c":null,"No_of_Specialist_Tagsa__c":3,"No_of_ClinGen_records__c":0,"No_of_GeneReviews__c":1,"No_of_HHS_records__c":0,"World_Estimate__c":null,"No_of_HRSA_records__c":0,"Evidence_Based_Score__c":2,"No_of_Disease_Descriptions__c":3,"Disease_Characteristics_Score__c":8,"No_of_Age_at_Onset__c":1,"Description_Source__c":"MONDO:0010847","Disease_Description__c":"Spinocerebellar ataxia type 4 (SCA4) is a very rare progressive and untreatable subtype of type I autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia (ADCA type I; see this term) characterized by ataxia with sensory neuropathy.","GARD_Name__c":"Spinocerebellar ataxia type 4","GARD_Synonym__c":"sca4","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0009970","Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Spinocerebellar ataxia 4 (SCA4) is a very rare form of hereditary progressive movement disorder. Symptoms include muscle weakness (atrophy) and difficulty coordinating body movements (ataxia), most notably causing a jerky, unsteady walking style (gait) and difficulty speaking (dysarthria). A distinctive feature of SCA4 is the progressive loss of feeling or sensation in the hands and feet (peripheral neuropathy) and loss of reflexes. SCA4 is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Although SCA4 has been linked to a location on chromosome 16, (16q22.1), the gene which causes SCA4 when mutated has not been found. Diagnosis is based on symptoms consistent with the disease.","Curated_USA_Estimate_Source__c":null,"Curated_USA_Estimate__c":null,"Age_at_Onset_Snippet_Text__c":"as an Adult","SourceID__c":"ORPHA:98765","Deprecated__c":"No","Disease_Concept_Type__c":"Rare Disease Entity","MONDO_ID__c":"MONDO:0010847","ORPHANET_ID__c":"ORPHA:98765","Replaced_By_ID__c":null,"Display_Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"Ataxia espinocerebelosa tipo 4","Spanish_Description_Source__c":"ORPHA:98765","Spanish_Description__c":"La ataxia espinocerebelosa tipo 4 (SCA4) es un subtipo muy poco común, progresivo e intratable de ataxia cerebelosa autosómica dominante tipo 1 (ADCA tipo I) caracterizado por ataxia con neuropatía sensorial.","Spanish_Disease_Name__c":"ataxia espinocerebelosa tipo 4","Spanish_GARD_Synonym__c":"sca4","Category_Linearization__c":"ORPHA:98006","icd10_id__c":null,"mesh_id__c":null,"omim_id__c":null,"snomed_id__c":null,"umls_id__c":null,"GARD_Disease__c":[{"Curated_Disease_Description__c":"Spinocerebellar ataxia 4 (SCA4) is a very rare form of hereditary progressive movement disorder. Symptoms include muscle weakness (atrophy) and difficulty coordinating body movements (ataxia), most notably causing a jerky, unsteady walking style (gait) and difficulty speaking (dysarthria). A distinctive feature of SCA4 is the progressive loss of feeling or sensation in the hands and feet (peripheral neuropathy) and loss of reflexes. SCA4 is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Although SCA4 has been linked to a location on chromosome 16, (16q22.1), the gene which causes SCA4 when mutated has not been found. Diagnosis is based on symptoms consistent with the disease.","Curated_Disease_Description_Source__c":"GARD:0009970","GARD_Synonym__c":"sca4","Name":"Spinocerebellar ataxia type 4","estimateUsa":""}],"Organization_Supported_Diseases__c":[{"Account_Name__c":"National Ataxia Foundation","Website__c":"https://ataxia.org/"},{"Account_Name__c":"Ataxia UK","Website__c":"https://www.ataxia.org.uk/"}],"GARD_Disease_Tag__c":[{"Tag_Name__c":"Genetics","Tag_Category__c":"Cause;Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Genetic diseases affect the DNA, or genetic instructions, which directs how tissues, organs, and body systems function.","curated_tag_name":"Genetic diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Neurology","Tag_Category__c":"Disease Category;Specialist","category_description":"Neurological diseases affect the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, autonomic nerves, or other peripheral nerves.","curated_tag_name":"Neurological diseases"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Psychiatry","Tag_Category__c":"Specialist"},{"Tag_Name__c":"Ataxia","Tag_Category__c":"Account","curated_tag_name":"Ataxia"}],"Age_At_Onset__c":[{"Age_At_Onset__c":"Adult","Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:98765"}],"Diagnosis__c":[{"Type__c":"GTR","Curie__c":"MEDGEN:C0752122"}],"External_Identifier_Disease__c":[{"URL__c":"https://raresource.nih.gov/diseases/filter/0009970","Source__c":"RareSource"},{"URL__c":"https://uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/umls/concept/C0752122","Source__c":"C0752122","Xref__c":"C0752122"},{"URL__c":"https://www.orpha.net/en/disease/detail/98765","Source__c":"C0752122; MONDO:0010847; ORPHA:98765","Xref__c":"ORPHA:98765"},{"URL__c":"https://www.omim.org/entry/600223","Source__c":"C0752122; MONDO:0010847; ORPHA:98765","Xref__c":"OMIM:600223"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ols4/ontologies/doid/classes?obo_id=DOID%3A0050957","Source__c":"MONDO:0010847","Xref__c":"DOID:0050957"},{"URL__c":"https://browser.ihtsdotools.org/?perspective=full&conceptId1=715755008","Source__c":"C0752122; MONDO:0010847","Xref__c":"715755008"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/medgen/?term=199815","Source__c":"C0752122","Xref__c":"MEDGEN:199815"},{"URL__c":"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0010847","Source__c":"GARD:0009970","Xref__c":"MONDO:0010847"},{"URL__c":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK610215","Source__c":"Gene Review","Xref__c":"NBK610215"}],"GARD_Disease_Gene__c":[{"GeneSymbol__c":"ZFHX3","Gene_Type__c":"protein-coding gene","Causal_Gene__c":true}],"Inheritance__c":["Autosomal dominant"],"GARD_Disease_Feature__c":[{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:98765","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A loss or impairment of the sensation of the relative position of parts of the body and joint position.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0010831","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormality of proprioception","HPO_Name__c":"Impaired proprioception","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:98765","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Loss of previously present motor (i.e., movement) abilities.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002333","HPO_Synonym__c":"Progressive degeneration of movement","HPO_Name__c":"Motor deterioration","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:98765","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Progressive impairment of function of motor axons with muscle weakness, atrophy, and cramps. The deficits are length-dependent, meaning that muscles innervated by the longest nerves are affected first, so that for instance the arms are affected at a later age than the onset of deficits involving the lower leg.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0007002","HPO_Name__c":"Motor axonal neuropathy","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:98765","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Ataxia refers to impaired coordination of voluntary muscle movement. Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001251","HPO_Synonym__c":"Cerebellar ataxia","HPO_Name__c":"Ataxia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:98765","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A decrease in the ability to perceive vibration. Clinically, this is usually tested with a tuning fork which vibrates at 128 Hz and is applied to bony prominences such as the malleoli at the ankles or the metacarpal-phalangeal joints. There is a slow decay of vibration from the tuning fork. The degree of vibratory sense loss can be crudely estimated by counting the number of seconds that the examiner can perceive the vibration longer than the patient.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0002495","HPO_Synonym__c":"Decreased vibration sense; Decreased vibratory sense; Diminished vibratory sense; Hypopallesthesia; Impaired vibratory sensation; Impaired vibratory sense","HPO_Name__c":"Impaired vibratory sensation","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:98765","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Absence of neurologic reflexes such as the knee-jerk reaction.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001284","HPO_Synonym__c":"Absent deep tendon reflexes; Absent tendon reflexes; Deep tendon reflexes absent; Loss of deep tendon reflexes; Lost deep tendon reflexes","HPO_Name__c":"Areflexia","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:98765","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"A reduced sense of touch (tactile sensation). This is usually tested with a wisp of cotton or a fine camel's hair brush, by asking patients to say 'now' each time they feel the stimulus.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0010830","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal thigmesthesia; Impaired touch sensation; Loss of tactile sensation","HPO_Name__c":"Impaired tactile sensation","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:98765","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"The term gait disturbance can refer to any disruption of the ability to walk.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001288","HPO_Synonym__c":"Abnormal gait; Abnormal walk; Difficulty in walking; Gait abnormalities; Gait difficulties; Gait disturbances; Impaired gait; Walking disability","HPO_Name__c":"Gait disturbance","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:98765","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"An axonal neuropathy of peripheral sensory nerves.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003390","HPO_Synonym__c":"Axonal sensory neuropathy","HPO_Name__c":"Sensory axonal neuropathy","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:98765","HPO_Frequency__c":"Occasional (5-29%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Peripheral neuropathy is a general term for any disorder of the peripheral nervous system. The main clinical features used to classify peripheral neuropathy are distribution, type (mainly demyelinating versus mainly axonal), duration, and course.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0009830","HPO_Synonym__c":"Peripheral nerve damage; Peripheral neuritis","HPO_Name__c":"Peripheral neuropathy","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:98765","HPO_Frequency__c":"Frequent (30-79%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Dysarthric speech is a general description referring to a neurological speech disorder characterized by poor articulation. Depending on the involved neurological structures, dysarthria may be further classified as spastic, flaccid, ataxic, hyperkinetic and hypokinetic, or mixed.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0001260","HPO_Synonym__c":"Difficulty articulating speech; Dysarthric speech","HPO_Name__c":"Dysarthria","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}},{"Provided_By__c":"ORPHA:98765","HPO_Frequency__c":"Very frequent (80-99%)","Feature__r":{"HPO_Description__c":"Absence of the Achilles reflex (also known as the ankle jerk reflex), which can normally be elicited by tapping the tendon is tapped while the foot is dorsiflexed.","HPO_Feature_URL__c":"https://hpo.jax.org/browse/term/HP:0003438","HPO_Synonym__c":"Absent ankle reflexes","HPO_Name__c":"Absent Achilles reflex","Feature_System__c":"Nervous System","HPO_Feature_Type__c":"Symptom"}}],"tags":{"Cause":["Genetics"],"Disease Category":["Genetics","Neurology"],"Specialist":["Genetics","Neurology","Psychiatry"],"Account":["Ataxia"]},"synonyms":["sca4"]}