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Disease Information

Summary

Recurrent hydatidiform mole is a condition that affects women and is characterized by the occurrence of at least two abnormal pregnancies that result in the formation of hydatidiform moles. A hydatidiform mole is a mass that forms early in pregnancy and is made up of cells from an abnormally developed embryo and placenta. Normally, the embryo would develop into a fetus and the placenta would grow to provide nutrients to the growing fetus. When a hydatidiform mole occurs once, it is known as sporadic hydatidiform mole; if it happens again, the condition is known as recurrent hydatidiform mole. The first symptom of a hydatidiform mole is often vaginal bleeding in the first trimester of pregnancy. During an ultrasound examination, the abnormal placenta appears as numerous small sacs, often described as resembling a bunch of grapes. Hydatidiform moles are not naturally discharged from the body and must be surgically removed, typically by the end of the first trimester. After removal, there is up to a 20 percent risk that any tissue left behind will continue to grow and become a cancerous (malignant) tumor called a persistent mole. If the tumor invades the surrounding tissue of the uterus, it is called an invasive mole. In rare cases, this malignant tumor can transform into a different form of cancer called gestational choriocarcinoma that can spread (metastasize) to other tissues such as the liver, lungs, or brain.

About Hydatidiform mole

Many rare diseases have limited information. Currently, GARD aims to provide the following information for this disease:

  • Symptoms:May start to appear as a Teenager and as an Adult.
  • Cause:GARD does not currently have information about the cause of this disease.
  • Organizations:Contact a GARD Information Specialist to help search for patient organizations dedicated to this rare disease.
  • Categories: Cancer(Cancer is a disease in which some of the body's cells grow uncontrollably and can spread to other parts of the body.)Urinary and Reproductive diseases(Urinary and reproductive diseases affect the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, or the reproductive organs.)

Resource(s) for Medical Professionals and Scientists on This Disease:

  • MONDO provides GARD with information for this disease.
  • Orphanet provides GARD with information for this disease.

Resource(s) for Medical Professionals and Scientists on This Disease:

  • MONDO provides GARD with information for this disease.
  • Orphanet provides GARD with information for this disease.

About Hydatidiform mole

Many rare diseases have limited information. Currently, GARD aims to provide the following information for this disease:

  • Symptoms:May start to appear as a Teenager and as an Adult.
  • Cause:GARD does not currently have information about the cause of this disease.
  • Organizations:Contact a GARD Information Specialist to help search for patient organizations dedicated to this rare disease.
  • Categories: Cancer(Cancer is a disease in which some of the body's cells grow uncontrollably and can spread to other parts of the body.)Urinary and Reproductive diseases(Urinary and reproductive diseases affect the kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra, or the reproductive organs.)

Can diseases be passed down from parent to child?

A biological parent can sometimes pass down genetic changes, called mutations, that cause a disease or increase the chances of developing it. This is called inheritance. Knowing if other family members have had the disease, also known as your family health history, can give your medical team important information. The Surgeon General offers a tool to help you collect your family health history.

Autosomal Recessive

Autosomal means the gene involved is located on one of the numbered chromosomes. Recessive means that a child must inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each biological parent, to be affected by the disease. A carrier is a person who only has one copy of the genetic mutation. A carrier usually doesn't show any symptoms of the disease.

If both biological parents are carriers, there is a 25% their child inherits both copies of the mutated gene and is affected by the disease. Additionally, there is a 50% chance their child inherits only one copy of the mutated gene and is a carrier.

Learn more about inheritance patterns from the National Library of Medicine (NLM).

Autosomal Recessive

Autosomal means the gene involved is located on one of the numbered chromosomes. Recessive means that a child must inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each biological parent, to be affected by the disease. A carrier is a person who only has one copy of the genetic mutation. A carrier usually doesn't show any symptoms of the disease.

If both biological parents are carriers, there is a 25% their child inherits both copies of the mutated gene and is affected by the disease. Additionally, there is a 50% chance their child inherits only one copy of the mutated gene and is a carrier.

Learn more about inheritance patterns from the National Library of Medicine (NLM).

When Do Symptoms of Hydatidiform mole Begin?

Symptoms of this disease may start to appear as a Teenager and as an Adult.

The age symptoms may begin to appear differs between diseases. Symptoms may begin in a single age range, or during several age ranges. The symptoms of some diseases may begin at any age. Knowing when symptoms may have appeared can help medical providers find the correct diagnosis.
  1. Prenatal
    Before Birth
  2. Newborn
    Birth-4 weeks
  3. Infant
    1-23 months
  4. Child
    2-11 years
  5. Adolescent Selected
    12-18 years
  6. Adult Selected
    19-65 years
  7. Older Adult
    65+ years
Symptoms may start to appear as a Teenager and as an Adult.
This information comes from Orphanet

Symptoms

You may have one or more symptoms, and they may be mild or severe. Having some or all of these symptoms does not mean you have this disease. Only a health care provider can diagnose you.

Common

Many people have these, but not everyone.

  • Enlarged uterus
  • Low number of red blood cells or hemoglobin (Anemia)
  • Menometrorrhagia
  • Nausea and vomiting

Uncommon

Some people have this, but most people do not.

Overactive thyroid (Hyperthyroidism)

This information comes from the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO)

Navigating Health Care Decisions

On average, it can take more than six years to receive an accurate diagnosis. Many primary care providers (PCPs) may not be familiar with rare diseases, and patients often need to visit multiple specialists or seek second opinions to get answers.

If a diagnosis remains unclear, visiting a multidisciplinary care center or university hospital may help. These centers bring together teams of specialists who can work together to evaluate symptoms and coordinate a diagnosis. This team-based approach is also helpful after a diagnosis, when managing care for rare diseases.

Because only about 5% of rare diseases have FDA-approved treatments, finding the right healthcare team to manage your symptoms and overall health is essential. People living with rare diseases often face challenges such as delayed diagnosis, limited treatment options, and difficulty accessing knowledgeable providers. Building a care team that understands your needs can make a significant difference in your quality of life.

Your Health Care Team

Why is building the right health care team important?

Building the right health care team is key to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of your long-term health journey living with a rare disease. Start by choosing a primary care provider (PCP). Your PCP will be your main point of contact and help coordinate care with other medical professionals. Your PCP may order tests or refer you to specialists. To find a PCP near you, use the Medicare provider search tool and enter your location and “Primary Care Provider.”

Seeing multiple specialists is important for people with rare diseases because these conditions often affect many parts of the body and require care from doctors with different expertise. Most primary care providers may not be familiar with rare diseases, so involving specialists can lead to a more accurate diagnosis and better care. A coordinated team approach ensures that all symptoms are addressed and that care is well-managed. It can also connect patients with the latest research or treatment options.

A PCP that specializes in the care of children is called a pediatrician. Use this tool by the American Academy of Pediatrics to find a pediatrician in your area by inputting your location.

These specialists may help in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of Hydatidiform mole:

Oncologists are doctors with specialized training in diagnosing, treating, and managing different types of cancer and conditions that could become cancerous. They may specialize in specific cancer types, such as blood cancers, breast cancer, or gastrointestinal cancers. Some oncologists also have training in rare or inherited cancers. They use a range of treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted drug therapies.

You may want to consider bringing a copy of your medical history and a list of any medications to your appointment.

Ask your primary care provider for a referral or use this directory by Medicare to search for an oncologist in your area. Search using the keywords “Medical Oncology.”
Gynecologic oncologists are specialists with advanced training in diagnosing and treating cancers of the female reproductive system. They focus on identifying and managing health issues related to gynecologic cancers, including complex or aggressive cancers. These specialists may have experience treating rare tumors or cancers with genetic links and can help if you have abnormal bleeding, a suspicious pelvic mass, or a family history of gynecologic cancers.

You may want to consider bringing a copy of your medical history and a list of any medications to your appointment.

Use this directory by the Foundation for Women’s Cancer to search for a gynecologic oncologist in your area. 
Maternal-fetal medicine specialists are obstetricians with advanced training in managing high-risk pregnancies. They focus on identifying and addressing health issues that could affect the mother, fetus, or both during pregnancy. These specialists may have experience managing rare or complicated pregnancy conditions related to genetic diseases, birth defects, infections, or chronic illnesses like diabetes or hypertension. Maternal-fetal medicine specialists may perform detailed ultrasounds, genetic testing, or other diagnostic procedures.

You may want to consider bringing a copy of your medical history and a list of any medications to your appointment.

Ask your PCP for a referral, or use this directory by Medicare to search for a maternal-fetal medicine specialist in your area. Search using the keywords “maternal and fetal medicine.”

Obstetricians and gynecologists (OB-GYN’s) are doctors with specialized training in caring for the female reproductive system. Gynecology focuses on reproductive health throughout a woman’s life, while obstetrics involves the care of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and recovery after birth. They help manage menstrual issues, pelvic pain, infertility, and conditions such as endometriosis, fibroids, ovarian cysts, and reproductive cancers. Some may have additional training in high-risk pregnancies, rare disorders, or inherited conditions.

You may want to consider bringing a copy of your medical history and a list of any medications to your appointment.

Ask your primary care provider for a referral or use this directory provided by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists to find a specialist.

Multidisciplinary Care Centers

Is It Time to Get a Second Opinion or Specialized Evaluation?

If you've visited your PCP, met with specialists, and undergone the recommended tests, but are still searching for a diagnosis, it may be time to visit an academic medical center or, for pediatric patients, a children's hospital. Academic medical centers and children's hospitals, often called multidisciplinary care centers, typically bring together specialists from different fields to work together on complex cases like rare diseases.

Multidisciplinary care centers may offer more coordinated care and be involved in clinical research, which may help reduce the time to diagnosis and provide access to emerging diagnostic tools. Specialists at these centers may have a deeper understanding of rare diseases and serve as a resource when you'd like a second opinion, particularly when test results or treatment plans are not delivering expected results.

Find hospitals that may partner with medical schools and programs in your area. 

Children’s hospitals and large teaching hospitals may also offer dedicated specialists and programs for pediatric patients with undiagnosed or rare diseases. These programs bring pediatric experts together in one place and may provide more coordinated care for your child.

Search for children's or university hospitals in your area.

Rare Disease Experts

How can you find a rare disease expert?

If a diagnosis, care management, or treatment plan remains unclear despite extensive efforts by your PCP and specialists, it may be time to find a rare disease expert for your disease, if available. A rare disease expert is a medical provider that has knowledge or training on specific rare disease(s), but there may only be a few experts in your state, region, or country. Rare disease experts may work at large research or teaching hospitals, sometimes called centers of excellence. Centers of Excellence commit to sharing knowledge and best practices that can lead to improved care and treatment for individuals living with a rare disease. 

You can also contact a GARD Information Specialist for help finding experts, centers of excellence, or clinics that focus on your disease.
You can ask your care providers for help finding an expert or use directory tools to search for experts near you. The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) maintains a list of rare disease centers with experts that work together to find treatments and cures for a broad range of rare diseases. Search NORD's Center Directory to find experts near you.

Find Your Community

How can patient organizations help?

Patient organizations can help patients and families connect. They build public awareness of the disease and are a driving force behind research to improve patients' lives. They may offer online and in-person resources to help people live well with their disease. Many collaborate with medical experts and researchers.

Services of patient organizations differ, but may include:

  • Ways to connect to others and share personal stories
  • Easy-to-read information
  • Up-to-date treatment and research information
  • Patient registries
  • Lists of specialists or specialty centers
  • Financial aid and travel resources


Please note: GARD provides organizations for informational purposes only and not as an endorsement of their services. Contact a GARD Information Specialist for more information on organizations that may be dedicated to this disease. Please contact an organization directly if you have questions about the information or resources it provides.


View GARD's criteria for including patient organizations, which can be found under the FAQs on our About GARD page. Request an update or to have your organization added to GARD. 

Patient Organizations

2 Organizations

American Cancer Society

People With

Gynecological tumors

Country

United States

SHARE: Cancer Support

People With

Gynecological tumors

Country

United States

OrganizationPeople WithHelpful LinksCountry
American Cancer SocietyGynecological tumorsUnited States
SHARE: Cancer SupportGynecological tumorsUnited States

Participate in Research

Clinical studies are a part of clinical research and play an important role in medical advances for rare diseases. Through clinical studies, researchers may ultimately uncover better ways to treat, prevent, diagnose, and understand human diseases.

What Are Clinical Studies?

Clinical studies are medical research involving people as participants. There are two main types of clinical studies:

  1. Clinical trials determine if a new test or treatment for a disease is effective and safe by comparing groups receiving different tests/treatments.
  2. Observational studies involve recording changes over time among a specific group of people in their natural settings.

Learn more about clinical trials from this National Institutes of Health webpage.

Why Participate in Clinical Studies?

People participate in clinical trials for many reasons. People with a disease may participate to receive the newest possible treatment and additional care from clinical study staff as well as to help others living with the same or a similar disease. Healthy volunteers may participate to help others and to contribute to moving science forward.

To find the right clinical study we recommend you consult your doctors, other trusted medical professionals, and patient organizations. Additionally, you can use ClinicalTrials.gov to search for clinical studies by disease, terms, or location.

What if There Are No Available Clinical Studies?

ResearchMatch helps connect people interested in research studies  with researchers from top medical centers across the United States. Anyone from the U.S. can register with this free program funded by NIH. Researchers from participating institutions use the database to search for and invite patients or healthy volunteers who meet their study criteria to participate.

Why may you want to consider joining the All of Us Research Program?

The All of Us Research Program is inviting 1 million people from all backgrounds across the U.S. to help build one of the most diverse health databases in history. Researchers will use the data to learn how our biology, lifestyle, and environment affect health. This may one day help them find ways to treat and prevent diseases.

ClinicalTrials.gov, an affiliate of NIH, provides current information on clinical research studies in the United States and abroad. Talk to a trusted doctor before choosing to participate in any clinical study. We recommend checking this site often and searching for studies with related terms/synonyms to improve results.
Search ClinicalTrials.gov for this disease.
GARDGenetic and Rare Diseases
Information Center
Contact a GARD Information Specialist if you need help finding more information on this rare disease or available clinical studies. Please note that GARD cannot enroll individuals in clinical studies.
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Sources & References

Last Updated: September 2026