Scleroderma

Scleroderma is an autoimmune disorder that may involve changes in the skin, blood vessels, muscles, and internal organs.^[1] There are two main types: localized scleroderma, which affects only the skin; and systemic scleroderma, which affects the blood vessels and internal organs, as well as the skin.^[2] These two main types also have sub-types.

Localized scleroderma subtypes include:^[3]

• Linear scleroderma
• Morphea

Systemic scleroderma subtypes include:^[3][4]

• Diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis
• Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (which includes CREST syndrome)
• Limited Systemic Sclerosis

The underlying cause of scleroderma is currently unknown; however, some scientists suspect it may be related to a buildup of collagen in the skin and other organs due to an abnormal immune system response. Some cases of scleroderma are induced by environmental factors or occur in association with other underlying disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus or Sjogren syndrome.^[1][5] There is no cure, but various treatments may relieve symptoms.^[2]

There is no cure for scleroderma, but treatments are available to relieve symptoms and limit damage to organs. Treatment varies depending on each person's symptoms.^[2]

Medications that may be used to treat scleroderma include:^[1]

• Corticosteroids
• Immune suppressing medications (methotrexate, Cytoxan)
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Other treatments for specific symptoms may include:^[1][6][7]

• Drugs for heartburn or swallowing problems (proton pump inhibitors)
• Prokinetic agents to speeding the movement of food through the stomach and intestines
• Antibiotics to address malabsorption syndrome
• Blood pressure medications (particularly ACE inhibitors) for high blood pressure or kidney problems
• Antihistamines and skin moisturizers to relieve itching
• Medicines to prevent (e.g., Bosentan) or treat (e.g., iloprost) ulcers
• Medicines to improve breathing (See: Pulmonary hypertension)
• Medicines to treat lung scarring (e.g., cyclophosphamide)
• Medications to treat Raynaud's phenomenon (e.g., nifedipine, iloprost)

More detailed information regarding the treatment of scleroderma can be accessed through Medscape Reference.