Oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome

Title

Other Names:

Delleman syndrome; Delleman Oorthuys syndrome; Orbital cyst with cerebral and focal dermal malformations; Delleman syndrome; Delleman Oorthuys syndrome; Orbital cyst with cerebral and focal dermal malformations; OCCS; OCC Syndrome; Oculo-cerebro-cutaneous syndrome See More

Categories:

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Nervous System Diseases

Summary Summary

Oculocerebrocutaneous (OCC) syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized primarily by eye, skin, and brain malformations. It has been described mostly in males.^[1]^[2]^[3] Findings in affected individuals may include orbital cysts, areas of underdeveloped (hypoplastic) or absent (aplastic) skin, and underdevelopment (hypoplasia) or absence (agenesis) of the band of nerve fibers that joins the brain's hemispheres (corpus callosum).^[2]^[3] Diagnosis is confirmed on the basis of specific MRI findings.^[1] In some affected individuals, the eye, skin, and brain findings involve only one side of the body. In these cases, the left side is involved twice as often as the right side.^[1]^[2] Additional findings may include rib and vertebral anomalies and craniofacial anomalies.^[1]^[2]^[3] Developmental delay and intellectual disability may be present and can vary from mild to profound. Approximately 50% of affected individuals have seizures.^[1] The exact cause of OCC syndrome is not known.^[1] In most cases, the affected individual is the first person in the family to have the disorder.^[1] The management of OCC syndrome varies depending on the specific symptoms in a given individual but usually involves a multidisciplinary team of doctors.^[1] Most surviving patients have significant psychomotor delays (delays in acquiring the skills needed to coordinate mental and physical activities).^[1]^[2]

Last updated: 6/15/2015

Symptoms Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

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Medical Terms	Other Names	Learn More: HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the skin	Absent/small skin Absent/underdeveloped skin [ more ]	0008065
Cerebellar hypoplasia	Small cerebellum Underdeveloped cerebellum [ more ]	0001321
Intellectual disability	Mental deficiency Mental retardation Mental retardation, nonspecific Mental-retardation [ more ]	0001249
Polymicrogyria	More grooves in brain	0002126
Preauricular skin tag		0000384
Ptosis	Drooping upper eyelid	0000508
Seizures	Seizure	0001250
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Alopecia	Hair loss	0001596
Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum		0007370
Calvarial skull defect	Cranial defect Skull defect [ more ]	0001362
Cryptorchidism	Undescended testes Undescended testis [ more ]	0000028
Eyelid coloboma	Cleft eyelid Notched eyelid [ more ]	0000625
Hemiplegia/hemiparesis	Paralysis or weakness of one side of body	0004374
Hydrocephalus	Too much cerebrospinal fluid in the brain	0000238
Hypopigmented skin patches	Patchy loss of skin color	0001053
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal fingernail morphology	Abnormal fingernails Abnormality of the fingernails [ more ]	0001231
Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the distal phalanges of the toes	Absent/small outermost bones of toe Absent/underdeveloped outermost bones of toe [ more ]	0010185
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia		0000776
Congenital hip dislocation	Dislocated hip since birth	0001374
Corneal opacity		0007957
Dandy-Walker malformation		0001305
Dysarthria	Difficulty articulating speech	0001260
Exostoses	Formation of new noncancerous bone on top of existing bone	0100777
External ear malformation		0008572
Facial cleft	Cleft of the face	0002006
Finger syndactyly		0006101
Hand polydactyly	Extra finger	0001161
Hearing impairment	Deafness Hearing defect [ more ]	0000365
Hypertelorism	Wide-set eyes Widely spaced eyes [ more ]	0000316
Iris coloboma	Cat eye	0000612
Missing ribs	Absent ribs Decreased rib number [ more ]	0000921
Nystagmus	Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic eye movements	0000639
Oral cleft	Cleft of the mouth	0000202
Short distal phalanx of finger	Short outermost finger bone	0009882
Talipes		0001883
Wide mouth	Broad mouth Large mouth [ more ]	0000154
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Abnormality of the thorax	Abnormality of the chest	0000765
Agenesis of corpus callosum		0001274
Anophthalmia	Absence of eyeballs Failure of development of eyeball Missing eyeball No eyeball [ more ]	0000528
Cleft ala nasi	Cleft nostril	0003191
Cleft palate	Cleft roof of mouth	0000175
Facial asymmetry	Asymmetry of face Crooked face Unsymmetrical face [ more ]	0000324
Focal dermal aplasia/hypoplasia		0007510
Gray matter heterotopia		0002282
Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum	Underdevelopment of part of brain called corpus callosum	0002079
Microphthalmia	Abnormally small eyeball	0000568
Orbital cyst	Cyst of eye socket	0001144
Orbital encephalocele		0007115
Sporadic	No previous family history	0003745

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Last updated: 12/1/2019

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If you need medical advice, you can look for doctors or other healthcare professionals who have experience with this disease. You may find these specialists through advocacy organizations, clinical trials, or articles published in medical journals. You may also want to contact a university or tertiary medical center in your area, because these centers tend to see more complex cases and have the latest technology and treatments.

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You can find more tips in our guide, How to Find a Disease Specialist. We also encourage you to explore the rest of this page to find resources that can help you find specialists.

Healthcare Resources

To find a medical professional who specializes in genetics, you can ask your doctor for a referral or you can search for one yourself. Online directories are provided by the American College of Medical Genetics and the National Society of Genetic Counselors. If you need additional help, contact a GARD Information Specialist. You can also learn more about genetic consultations from Genetics Home Reference.

Related Diseases Related Diseases

Related diseases are conditions that have similar signs and symptoms. A health care provider may consider these conditions in the table below when making a diagnosis. Please note that the table may not include all the possible conditions related to this disease.

Conditions with similar signs and symptoms from Orphanet
Differential diagnosis includes encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis, but the multitude of mesenchymal tumors (in particular lipomas, and choristomas) and CNS anomalies exclude it from OCCS. The brain malformations overlap substantially with those seen in Aicardi syndrome although the mid-hindbrain malformation is unkown in Aicardi syndrome and the typical chorioretinal lacunae associated with Aicardi syndrome are unknown in OCCS. Goldenhar syndrome, focal dermal hypoplasia and microphthalmia with linear skin defects should also be considered. The mid-hindbrain malformations may be confused with Dandy-Walker malformation, but are often complex and severe in OCCS. Visit the Orphanet disease page for more information.

Conditions with similar signs and symptoms from Orphanet

Differential diagnosis includes encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis, but the multitude of mesenchymal tumors (in particular lipomas, and choristomas) and CNS anomalies exclude it from OCCS. The brain malformations overlap substantially with those seen in Aicardi syndrome although the mid-hindbrain malformation is unkown in Aicardi syndrome and the typical chorioretinal lacunae associated with Aicardi syndrome are unknown in OCCS. Goldenhar syndrome, focal dermal hypoplasia and microphthalmia with linear skin defects should also be considered. The mid-hindbrain malformations may be confused with Dandy-Walker malformation, but are often complex and severe in OCCS.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more information.

Learn More Learn More

These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

Where to Start

The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.

In-Depth Information

The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Oculocerebrocutaneous syndrome. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

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