Laing distal myopathy

Title

Other Names:

Laing early-onset distal myopathy; Myopathy distal, type 1

Categories:

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Nervous System Diseases

This disease is grouped under:

Myosinopathies

Summary Summary

Laing distal myopathy is a slowly progressive muscle disorder that tends to begin in childhood. Early symptoms include weakness in the feet and ankles, followed by weakness in the hands and wrists. Weakness in the feet leads to tightening of the Achilles tendon, an inability to lift the big toe, and a high-stepping walk. Weakness in the hands makes it more difficult to lift the fingers, especially the third and fourth fingers. As the muscle weakness slowly progresses over the course of many years, other muscles of the body (e.g., neck, face, legs, hips, and shoulders) weaken.^[1] Other findings include scoliosis and cardiomyopathy in up to one third of individuals.^[2] Most affected people remain mobile throughout life.^[1]^[2] Life expectancy is normal.^[1]

Laing distal myopathy is caused by mutations in the MYH7 gene and is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.^[1]^[2] Treatment may include physiotherapy to prevent tightening of the Achilles tendon and splinting of the ankle. Annual neurologic examinations, evaluations for scoliosis, and regular assessments of cardiac and respiratory functions may be necessary.^[2]

Last updated: 9/9/2018

Symptoms Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

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Medical Terms	Other Names	Learn More: HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Foot dorsiflexor weakness	Foot drop	0009027
Toe extensor amyotrophy		0011916
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal mitochondria in muscle tissue		0008316
Abnormality of the calf musculature	Abnormal calf muscles	0001430
Distal muscle weakness	Weakness of outermost muscles	0002460
Gait disturbance	Abnormal gait Abnormal walk Impaired gait [ more ]	0001288
High palate	Elevated palate Increased palatal height [ more ]	0000218
Mildly elevated creatine kinase		0008180
Minicore myopathy		0003789
Myalgia	Muscle ache Muscle pain [ more ]	0003326
Neck muscle weakness	Floppy neck	0000467
Progressive muscle weakness		0003323
Scoliosis	Abnormal curving of the spine	0002650
Talipes cavus equinovarus		0004696
Type 1 muscle fiber predominance		0003803
Weakness of orbicularis oculi muscle		0012507
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Dilated cardiomyopathy	Stretched and thinned heart muscle	0001644
EMG: myopathic abnormalities		0003458
Proximal muscle weakness	Weakness in muscles of upper arms and upper legs	0003701
Proximal muscle weakness in lower limbs		0008994
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Amyotrophy of ankle musculature		0009031
Autosomal dominant inheritance		0000006
Childhood onset	Symptoms begin in childhood	0011463
EMG: neuropathic changes		0003445
Facial palsy	Bell's palsy	0010628
Infantile onset	Onset in first year of life Onset in infancy [ more ]	0003593
Pes cavus	High-arched foot	0001761
Ragged-red muscle fibers		0003200
Rimmed vacuoles		0003805
Slow progression	Signs and symptoms worsen slowly with time	0003677
Weakness of long finger extensor muscles		0009077

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Do you have more information about symptoms of this disease? We want to hear from you.

Last updated: 3/1/2019

Do you have updated information on this disease? We want to hear from you.

Diagnosis Diagnosis

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

Orphanet lists international laboratories offering diagnostic testing for this condition.

Find a Specialist Find a Specialist

If you need medical advice, you can look for doctors or other healthcare professionals who have experience with this disease. You may find these specialists through advocacy organizations, clinical trials, or articles published in medical journals. You may also want to contact a university or tertiary medical center in your area, because these centers tend to see more complex cases and have the latest technology and treatments.

If you can’t find a specialist in your local area, try contacting national or international specialists. They may be able to refer you to someone they know through conferences or research efforts. Some specialists may be willing to consult with you or your local doctors over the phone or by email if you can't travel to them for care.

You can find more tips in our guide, How to Find a Disease Specialist. We also encourage you to explore the rest of this page to find resources that can help you find specialists.

Healthcare Resources

To find a medical professional who specializes in genetics, you can ask your doctor for a referral or you can search for one yourself. Online directories are provided by the American College of Medical Genetics and the National Society of Genetic Counselors. If you need additional help, contact a GARD Information Specialist. You can also learn more about genetic consultations from Genetics Home Reference.

Related Diseases Related Diseases

Related diseases are conditions that have similar signs and symptoms. A health care provider may consider these conditions in the table below when making a diagnosis. Please note that the table may not include all the possible conditions related to this disease.

Conditions with similar signs and symptoms from Orphanet
Differential diagnoses include milder congenital myopathies (central core disease and centronuclear myopathy) and distal myopathies (Udd distal myopathy, Nonaka distal myopathy, Markesbery-Griggs distal myopathy) (see these terms). Genetically related (allelic) disorders are familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 1 and myosin storage myopathy, however, the clinical picture of MPD1 is distinct from that of these conditions. Visit the Orphanet disease page for more information.

Conditions with similar signs and symptoms from Orphanet

Differential diagnoses include milder congenital myopathies (central core disease and centronuclear myopathy) and distal myopathies (Udd distal myopathy, Nonaka distal myopathy, Markesbery-Griggs distal myopathy) (see these terms). Genetically related (allelic) disorders are familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 1 and myosin storage myopathy, however, the clinical picture of MPD1 is distinct from that of these conditions.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more information.

Research Research

Research helps us better understand diseases and can lead to advances in diagnosis and treatment. This section provides resources to help you learn about medical research and ways to get involved.

Clinical Research Resources

Orphanet lists European clinical trials, research studies, and patient registries enrolling people with this condition.

Organizations Organizations

Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

Organizations Supporting this Disease

Muscular Dystrophy Association (MDA)
222 S Riverside Plaza
Suite 1500
Chicago, IL 60606
Toll-free: 1-800-572-1717
TTY: 1-800-572-1717
E-mail: resourcecenter@mdausa.org
Website: http://www.mdausa.org/
Muscular Dystrophy UK
61A Great Suffolk Street
London, SE1 0BU United Kingdom
Toll-free: 0800 652 6352 (Helpline)
Telephone: (+44) 0 020 7803 4800
E-mail: info@musculardystrophyuk.org
Website: https://www.musculardystrophyuk.org/

Do you know of an organization? We want to hear from you.

Learn More Learn More

These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

Where to Start

Genetics Home Reference (GHR) contains information on Laing distal myopathy. This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.
The Muscular Dystrophy Association has an information page entitled Facts on Myopathies. Click on Muscular Dystrophy Association to view the information page.
The MerckManual has an information page on congenital myopathies. Click on MerckManual to view the information page.
The National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD) has a report for patients and families about this condition. NORD is a patient advocacy organization for individuals with rare diseases and the organizations that serve them.

In-Depth Information

GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions.
eMedicine has an article on congenital myopathy that includes information on Laing distal myopathy. You may need to register to view the information online, but registration is free. Click on the link above to view the article from this medical reference Web site.
The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Laing distal myopathy. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

Selected Full-Text Journal Articles

Lamont P, Wallefeld W, Davis M, Udd B, Laing N. Clinical utility gene card for: Laing distal myopathy. Eur J Hum Genet. 2011 Mar;19(3). doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2010.190. Epub 2010 Dec 8.
Lamont PJ, Udd B, Mastaglia FL, de Visser M, Hedera P, Voit T, Bridges LR, Fabian V, Rozemuller A, Laing NG. Laing early onset distal myopathy: slow myosin defect with variable abnormalities on muscle biopsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006 Feb;77(2):208-15. Epub 2005 Aug 15.

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