The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) provides the following list of features that have been reported in people with this condition. Much of the information in the HPO comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. If available, the list includes a rough estimate of how common a feature is (its frequency). Frequencies are based on a specific study and may not be representative of all studies. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary for definitions of the terms below.
| Signs and Symptoms | Approximate number of patients (when available) |
| Abnormality of the pinna | 90% |
| Autism | 90% |
| High forehead | 90% |
| Abnormality of neuronal migration | 50% |
| Abnormality of the palate | 50% |
| Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum | 50% |
| Cognitive impairment | 50% |
| Frontal bossing | 50% |
| Optic atrophy | 50% |
| Pointed chin | 50% |
| Seizures | 50% |
| Thrombocytopenia | 50% |
| Ventriculomegaly | 50% |
| Wide mouth | 50% |
| Abnormality of the hip bone | 7.5% |
| Abnormality of the mitral valve | 7.5% |
| Anteverted nares | 7.5% |
| Astigmatism | 7.5% |
| Cryptorchidism | 7.5% |
| Feeding difficulties in infancy | 7.5% |
| Hearing impairment | 7.5% |
| Highly arched eyebrow | 7.5% |
| Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | 7.5% |
| Kyphosis | 7.5% |
| Long face | 7.5% |
| Long philtrum | 7.5% |
| Macrocytic anemia | 7.5% |
| Myopia | 7.5% |
| Narrow forehead | 7.5% |
| Neurological speech impairment | 7.5% |
| Nystagmus | 7.5% |
| Otitis media | 7.5% |
| Preauricular skin tag | 7.5% |
| Proximal placement of thumb | 7.5% |
| Scoliosis | 7.5% |
| Single median maxillary incisor | 7.5% |
| Strabismus | 7.5% |
| Thick lower lip vermilion | 7.5% |
| Triangular face | 7.5% |
| Upslanted palpebral fissure | 7.5% |
| Ventricular septal defect | 7.5% |
| Visual impairment | 7.5% |
Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.
Research helps us better understand diseases and can lead to advances in diagnosis and treatment. This section provides resources to help you learn about medical research and ways to get involved.
Nonprofit support and advocacy groups bring together patients, families, medical professionals, and researchers. These groups often raise awareness, provide support, and develop patient-centered information. Many are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct people to research, resources, and services. Many groups also have experts who serve as medical advisors. Visit their website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.
These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.
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