Cutis laxa, autosomal dominant

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.

Autosomal dominant cutis laxa (ADCL) is a connective tissue disorder characterized by wrinkled, redundant and sagging inelastic skin associated in some cases with internal organ involvement.

The prevalence of ADCL is unknown but less than 50 cases have been reported in the literature so far.

Patients are usually diagnosed at birth or in early childhood due to the presence of excessive skin folds and loose, redundant skin. ADCL is considered to be a mild form of cutis laxa with limited systemic involvement although associated features may include hernias, cardiac valve anomalies (redundant mitral and tricuspid valves), cardiovascular manifestations (pulmonary stenosis and aortic and arterial dilatation and tortuosity), gastrointestinal diverticuli and emphysema.

ADCL is genetically heterogeneous: mutations in the elastin gene (ELN; 7q11.1-q21.1) have been reported in some cases, whereas mutations in the gene encoding fibulin-5 (FBLN5; 14q31) have been identified in others. Homozygous mutations in the FBLN5 are associated with the more severe form of CL with extensive systemic involvement, autosomal recessive CL type 1 (ARCL1; see this term).

Diagnosis is based on clinical examination, family history and pathognomonic histological findings (sparse, fragmented elastic fibers) on skin biopsies. Molecular testing may allow confirmation of the diagnosis.

The differential diagnosis may include other forms of CL (ARC1 and ARCL2, and X-linked CL) and related syndromes (gerodermia osteodysplastica, wrinkly skin syndrome and De Barsy syndrome), together with the Ehlers-Danlos syndromes, Cantu syndrome and Costello syndrome (see these terms).

Genetic counseling should be provided to affected families and prenatal diagnosis may be feasible for families in which the disease-causing mutation has been identified.

There is no specific treatment for cutis laxa. Management should include symptomatic treatment of any associated manifestations. ADCL is generally a mild cutaneous disease and internal organ involvement is rare.

Most patients have a good prognosis and life expectancy is usually normal.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Last updated: 1/1/2011

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