Grubben de Cock Borghgraef syndrome

Title

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Other Names:

Severe growth retardation, developmental delay with hypotonia, hypotrophy of the distal extremities, dental anomalies, and eczematous skin; Growth retardation, small and puffy hands and feet, and eczema; Developmental delay - hypotonia - extremities hypertrophy

Categories:

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Nervous System Diseases

Summary Summary

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.

Orpha Number: 2101

Definition

Grubben-de Cock-Borghgraef syndrome is a rare intellectual disability syndrome characterized by pre- and postnatal growth deficiency, generalized muscular hypotonia, developmental delay (particularly of speech and language), hypotrophy of distal extremities, small and puffy hands and feet, eczematous skin and dental anomalies (i.e. small, widely-spaced teeth). Partial agenesis of the corpus callosum and a selective immunoglobulin IgG2 subclass deficiency have also been reported in some patients.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Last updated: 9/1/2017

Symptoms Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

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Medical Terms	Other Names	Learn More: HPO ID
80%-99% of people have these symptoms
Abnormality of eye movement	Abnormal eye movement Abnormal eye movements Eye movement abnormalities Eye movement issue [ more ]	0000496
Abnormality of the dentition	Abnormal dentition Abnormal teeth Dental abnormality [ more ]	0000164
Blue sclerae	Whites of eyes are a bluish-gray color	0000592
Delayed speech and language development	Deficiency of speech development Delayed language development Delayed speech Delayed speech acquisition Delayed speech development Impaired speech and language development Impaired speech development Language delay Language delayed Language development deficit Late-onset speech development Poor language development Speech and language delay Speech and language difficulties Speech delay [ more ]	0000750
Deviation of finger	Atypical position of finger Finger pointing in a different direction than usual [ more ]	0004097
Dry skin		0000958
Eczema		0000964
Global developmental delay		0001263
Muscular hypotonia	Low or weak muscle tone	0001252
Partial agenesis of the corpus callosum		0001338
Reduced tendon reflexes		0001315
Round face	Circular face Round facial appearance Round facial shape [ more ]	0000311
Seizure		0001250
Short neck	Decreased length of neck	0000470
Small hand	Disproportionately small hands	0200055
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Autosomal recessive inheritance		0000007
Generalized hypotonia	Decreased muscle tone Low muscle tone [ more ]	0001290
Intrauterine growth retardation	Prenatal growth deficiency Prenatal growth retardation [ more ]	0001511
Microdontia	Decreased width of tooth	0000691
Postnatal growth retardation	Growth delay as children	0008897
Psychomotor retardation		0025356
Widely spaced teeth	Wide-spaced teeth Widely-spaced teeth [ more ]	0000687

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Do you have more information about symptoms of this disease? We want to hear from you.

Last updated: 1/1/2021

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Find a Specialist Find a Specialist

If you need medical advice, you can look for doctors or other healthcare professionals who have experience with this disease. You may find these specialists through advocacy organizations, clinical trials, or articles published in medical journals. You may also want to contact a university or tertiary medical center in your area, because these centers tend to see more complex cases and have the latest technology and treatments.

If you can’t find a specialist in your local area, try contacting national or international specialists. They may be able to refer you to someone they know through conferences or research efforts. Some specialists may be willing to consult with you or your local doctors over the phone or by email if you can't travel to them for care.

You can find more tips in our guide, How to Find a Disease Specialist. We also encourage you to explore the rest of this page to find resources that can help you find specialists.

Healthcare Resources

To find a medical professional who specializes in genetics, you can ask your doctor for a referral or you can search for one yourself. Online directories are provided by the American College of Medical Genetics and the National Society of Genetic Counselors. If you need additional help, contact a GARD Information Specialist. You can also learn more about genetic consultations from Genetics Home Reference.

Learn More Learn More

These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

In-Depth Information

The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Grubben de Cock Borghgraef syndrome. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

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