The less severe type of mevalonate kinase deficiency is called hyperimmunoglobulinemia D syndrome (HIDS).[1]
This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.
Medical Terms | Other Names | Learn More: HPO ID |
---|---|---|
80%-99% of people have these symptoms | ||
Cerebral cortical atrophy |
Decrease in size of the outer layer of the brain due to loss of brain cells
|
0002120 |
Delayed skeletal maturation |
Delayed bone maturation
Delayed skeletal development
[ more ]
|
0002750 |
Dolichocephaly |
Long, narrow head
Tall and narrow skull
[ more ]
|
0000268 |
Downslanted palpebral fissures |
Downward slanting of the opening between the eyelids
|
0000494 |
Global |
0001263 | |
Mental deficiency
Mental retardation
Mental retardation, nonspecific
Mental-retardation
[ more ]
|
0001249 | |
Large fontanelles |
Wide fontanelles
|
0000239 |
Abnormally small skull
Decreased circumference of cranium
Small head circumference
Decreased size of skull
Reduced head circumference
[ more ]
|
0000252 | |
Muscular |
Low or weak muscle tone
|
0001252 |
0001250 | ||
Small stature
Decreased body height
[ more ]
|
0004322 | |
Splenomegaly |
Increased spleen size
|
0001744 |
Triangular face |
Face with broad temples and narrow chin
Triangular facial shape
[ more ]
|
0000325 |
30%-79% of people have these symptoms | ||
0001251 | ||
Blue sclerae |
Whites of eyes are a bluish-gray color
|
0000592 |
Clouding of the lens of the eye
Cloudy lens
[ more ]
|
0000518 | |
Low-set, posteriorly rotated ears | 0000368 | |
1%-4% of people have these symptoms | ||
Attenuation of retinal blood vessels |
Narrowing of blood vessels in back of eye
|
0007843 |
Cerebellar atrophy |
Degeneration of cerebellum
|
0001272 |
Diarrhea |
Watery stool
|
0002014 |
Difficulty articulating speech
|
0001260 | |
Edema |
Fluid retention
Water retention
[ more ]
|
0000969 |
Elevated C-reactive |
0011227 | |
Elevated |
High ESR
|
0003565 |
Elevated hepatic transaminase |
High liver enzymes
|
0002910 |
Elevated serum creatine kinase |
Elevated blood creatine phosphokinase
Elevated circulating creatine phosphokinase
Elevated creatine kinase
Elevated serum CPK
Elevated serum creatine phosphokinase
High serum creatine kinase
Increased CPK
Increased creatine kinase
Increased creatine phosphokinase
Increased serum CK
Increased serum creatine kinase
Increased serum creatine phosphokinase
[ more ]
|
0003236 |
Elevated urine mevalonic acid | 0032638 | |
Failure to thrive in infancy |
Faltering weight in infancy
Weight faltering in infancy
[ more ]
|
0001531 |
Enlarged liver and spleen
|
0001433 | |
Increased circulating IgD level | 0410246 | |
Increased lactate dehydrogenase level | 0025435 | |
Infantile onset |
Onset in first year of life
Onset in infancy
[ more ]
|
0003593 |
Kyphoscoliosis | 0002751 | |
Leukocytosis |
Elevated white blood count
High white blood count
Increased blood leukocyte number
[ more ]
|
0001974 |
Lymphadenopathy |
Swollen lymph nodes
|
0002716 |
Nuclear cataract |
Yellowish cloudy center of lens
|
0100018 |
Optic disc pallor | 0000543 | |
Recurrent infections |
Frequent infections
Frequent, severe infections
Increased frequency of infection
infections, recurrent
Predisposition to infections
Susceptibility to infection
[ more ]
|
0002719 |
Underdeveloped nasal alae |
Underdeveloped tissue around nostril
|
0000430 |
Vomiting |
Throwing up
|
0002013 |
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO | ||
Agenesis of cerebellar vermis | 0002335 | |
Arthralgia |
Joint pain
|
0002829 |
0000007 | ||
Cerebral atrophy |
Degeneration of cerebrum
|
0002059 |
Fluctuating hepatomegaly | 0006564 | |
Fluctuating splenomegaly | 0006268 | |
Generalized hypotonia |
Decreased muscle tone
Low muscle tone
[ more ]
|
0001290 |
Low-set ears |
Low set ears
Lowset ears
[ more ]
|
0000369 |
Morbilliform rash | 0012282 | |
Normocytic hypoplastic |
0004819 | |
Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic eye movements
|
0000639 | |
Posteriorly rotated ears |
Ears rotated toward back of head
|
0000358 |
Progressive cerebellar ataxia | 0002073 | |
Psychomotor retardation | 0025356 | |
Low platelet count
|
0001873 |
Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.
Reports of successful treatment of mevalonic aciduria through allogenic bone marrow transplantation have also surfaced. At this point, this therapy is investigational and potentially applicable to patients with mevalonic aciduria whose condition is resistant to therapy with anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., inhibitors of TNF-alpha and interleukin-1 beta).[4][5]
The following articles provide additional details regarding treatment of mevalonic aciduria.
Nevyjel M, Pontillo A, Calligaris L, Tommasini A, D'Osualdo A, Waterham HR, Granzotto M, Crovella S, Barbi E, Ventura A. Diagnostics and therapeutic insights in a severe case of mevalonate kinase deficiency. Pediatrics. 2007 Feb;119(2):e523-7.
Neven B, Valayannopoulos V, Quartier P, Blanche S, Prieur AM, Debré M, Rolland MO, Rabier D, Cuisset L, Cavazzana-Calvo M, de Lonlay P, Fischer A. Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in mevalonic aciduria. N Engl J Med. 2007 Jun 28;356(26):2700-3.
Arkwright PD, Abinun M, Cant AJ. Mevalonic aciduria cured by bone marrow transplantation. N Engl J Med. 2007 Sep 27;357(13):1350.
If you need medical advice, you can look for doctors or other healthcare professionals who have experience with this disease. You may find these specialists through advocacy organizations, clinical trials, or articles published in medical journals. You may also want to contact a university or tertiary medical center in your area, because these centers tend to see more complex cases and have the latest technology and treatments.
If you can’t find a specialist in your local area, try contacting national or international specialists. They may be able to refer you to someone they know through conferences or research efforts. Some specialists may be willing to consult with you or your local doctors over the phone or by email if you can't travel to them for care.
You can find more tips in our guide, How to Find a Disease Specialist. We also encourage you to explore the rest of this page to find resources that can help you find specialists.
Research helps us better understand diseases and can lead to advances in diagnosis and treatment. This section provides resources to help you learn about medical research and ways to get involved.
Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.
These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.
Questions sent to GARD may be posted here if the information could be helpful to others. We remove all identifying information when posting a question to protect your privacy. If you do not want your question posted, please let us know. Submit a new question
Is enzyme therapy (utilizing a synthetic form of mevalonate kinase) available for mevalonic aciduria? See answer