The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) provides the following list of features that have been reported in people with this condition. Much of the information in the HPO comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. If available, the list includes a rough estimate of how common a feature is (its frequency). Frequencies are based on a specific study and may not be representative of all studies. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary for definitions of the terms below.
| Signs and Symptoms | Approximate number of patients (when available) |
| Optic nerve dysplasia | Very frequent (present in 80%-99% of cases) |
| Renal insufficiency | Very frequent (present in 80%-99% of cases) |
| Multicystic kidney dysplasia | Frequent (present in 30%-79% of cases) |
| Myopia | Frequent (present in 30%-79% of cases) |
| Renal dysplasia | Frequent (present in 30%-79% of cases) |
| Renal hypoplasia | Frequent (present in 30%-79% of cases) |
| Stage 5 chronic kidney disease | Frequent (present in 30%-79% of cases) |
| Vesicoureteral reflux | Frequent (present in 30%-79% of cases) |
| Visual impairment | Frequent (present in 30%-79% of cases) |
| Cataract | Occasional (present in 5%-29% of cases) |
| Edema | Occasional (present in 5%-29% of cases) |
| Hearing impairment | Occasional (present in 5%-29% of cases) |
| Horseshoe kidney | Occasional (present in 5%-29% of cases) |
| Joint hyperflexibility | Occasional (present in 5%-29% of cases) |
| Lens luxation | Occasional (present in 5%-29% of cases) |
| Macular degeneration | Occasional (present in 5%-29% of cases) |
| Macular hyperpigmentation | Occasional (present in 5%-29% of cases) |
| Nephrolithiasis | Occasional (present in 5%-29% of cases) |
| Nystagmus | Occasional (present in 5%-29% of cases) |
| Optic nerve coloboma | Occasional (present in 5%-29% of cases) |
| Renal malrotation | Occasional (present in 5%-29% of cases) |
| Retinal coloboma | Occasional (present in 5%-29% of cases) |
| Retinal detachment | Occasional (present in 5%-29% of cases) |
| Strabismus | Occasional (present in 5%-29% of cases) |
| Arnold-Chiari type I malformation | - |
| Autosomal dominant inheritance | - |
| Chorioretinal atrophy | - |
| Gliosis | - |
| Hyperextensible skin | - |
| Infantile onset | - |
| Intellectual disability | - |
| Joint laxity | - |
| Microphthalmia | - |
| Orbital cyst | - |
| Phenotypic variability | - |
| Proteinuria | - |
| Seizures | - |
| Sensorineural hearing impairment | - |
| Soft skin | - |
Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.
The resources below provide information about treatment options for this condition. If you have questions about which treatment is right for you, talk to your healthcare professional.
Research helps us better understand diseases and can lead to advances in diagnosis and treatment. This section provides resources to help you learn about medical research and ways to get involved.
Nonprofit support and advocacy groups bring together patients, families, medical professionals, and researchers. These groups often raise awareness, provide support, and develop patient-centered information. Many are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct people to research, resources, and services. Many groups also have experts who serve as medical advisors. Visit their website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.
Living with a genetic or rare disease can impact the daily lives of patients and families. These resources can help families navigate various aspects of living with a rare disease.
These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.
Questions sent to GARD may be posted here if the information could be helpful to others. We remove all identifying information when posting a question to protect your privacy. If you do not want your question posted, please let us know.
