PGM1-CDG

Other Names: 

CDG syndrome type It; CDG-It; CDG1T; Congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1t; Congenital disorder of glycosylation type It; PGM1-related congenital disorder of glycosylation; Phosphoglucomutase-1 deficiency

Summary

There are many steps in glycosylation, each of which is controlled by a different gene. The type of CDG a person has depends on which gene is involved. The signs and symptoms of PGM1-CDG can be different from person to person. They may include cleft palate or bifid uvula; low blood sugar (hypoglycemia); endocrine disorders; muscle disease, leading to muscle weakness or death of muscle fibers (rhabdomyolysis); liver disease; blood clotting problems; and a weak and enlarged heart chamber (dilated cardiomyopathy). Some people with PGM1-CDG have central nervous system involvement such as seizures, development delay, or intellectual disability. PGM1-CDG is caused by genetic changes in the PGM1 gene and inheritance is autosomal recessive. The diagnosis may be suspected based on symptoms and specific blood test results, and it is confirmed with genetic testing. The course of the disorder and whether symptoms or complications may affect the lifespan are difficult to predict and vary among people with PGM1-CDG.

About PGM1-CDG

Many rare diseases have limited information. Currently, GARD aims to provide the following information for this disease:

• Population Estimate:Fewer than 1,000 people in the U.S. have thisdisease.
• Symptoms:May start to appear as a Newborn and as an Infant.
• Cause:This disease is caused by a change in the genetic material (DNA).
• Organizations:Patient organizations are available to help find a specialist, or advocacy and support for this specific disease.
• Categories:Inherited Metabolic DiseasesGenetic DiseasesGastrointestinal Diseases

Genetic Mutations

PGM1-CDG is caused by genetic mutations, also known as pathogenic variants. Genetic mutations can be hereditary, when parents pass them down to their children, or they may occur randomly when cells are dividing. Genetic mutations may also result from contracted viruses, environmental factors, such as UV radiation from sunlight exposure, or a combination of any of these. Learn more about genetic diseases from the National Library of Medicine (NLM).

If you suspect you may have this disease, you may want to start collecting your family health history. Information such as other family members who have had similar symptoms, when their/your symptoms first appeared, or exposures to any potential disease-causing environmental factors should be discussed with your medical team. This tool from the Surgeon General can help you collect your family health history.

Autosomal Recessive

Autosomal means the gene involved is located on one of the numbered chromosomes. Recessive means that a child must inherit two copies of the mutated gene, one from each biological parent, to be affected by the disease. A carrier is a person who only has one copy of the genetic mutation. A carrier usually doesn't show any symptoms of the disease.

If both biological parents are carriers, there is a 25% their child inherits both copies of the mutated gene and is affected by the disease. Additionally, there is a 50% chance their child inherits only one copy of the mutated gene and is a carrier.

Learn more about inheritance patterns from the National Library of Medicine (NLM).

When Do Symptoms of PGM1-CDG Begin?

Symptoms of this disease may start to appear as a Newborn and as an Infant.

The age symptoms may begin to appear differs between diseases. Symptoms may begin in a single age range, or during several age ranges. The symptoms of some diseases may begin at any age. Knowing when symptoms may have appeared can help medical providers find the correct diagnosis.