Sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis

Title

Other Names:

SANDO

Categories:

Congenital and Genetic Diseases; Metabolic disorders; Nervous System Diseases

Summary Summary

The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.

Orpha Number: 70595

Definition

Sensory ataxic neuropathy-dysarthria-ophthalmoparesis syndrome is characterised by adult-onset severe sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria and chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia.

Epidemiology

The prevalence is unknown.

Clinical description

Other common features include progressive gait unsteadiness, absent deep tendon reflexes, the presence of Romberg's sign, a decreased sense of vibration and proprioception and detection of red ragged fibres on muscle biopsy.

Etiology

The syndrome is associated with mitochondrial DNA mutations in either the POLG1 or TWINKLE genes.

Genetic counseling

Autosomal recessive and dominant inheritance, as well as sporadic occurrence, have been suggested.

Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

Last updated: 6/1/2007

Symptoms Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

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Medical Terms	Other Names	Learn More: HPO ID
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal morphology of the cerebellar cortex		0031422
Abnormal thalamic MRI signal intensity		0012696
Atrophy/Degeneration involving the spinal cord		0007344
Bilateral sensorineural hearing impairment		0008619
Dysarthria	Difficulty articulating speech	0001260
Gait ataxia	Inability to coordinate movements when walking	0002066
Hyporeflexia	Decreased reflex response Decreased reflexes [ more ]	0001265
Impaired distal proprioception		0006858
Impaired vibratory sensation	Decreased vibration sense Decreased vibratory sense Diminished vibratory sense Impaired vibratory sense [ more ]	0002495
Increased serum lactate		0002151
Increased variability in muscle fiber diameter		0003557
Myoclonus		0001336
Nystagmus	Involuntary, rapid, rhythmic eye movements	0000639
Ophthalmoparesis	Weakness of muscles controlling eye movement	0000597
Positive Romberg sign		0002403
Proximal muscle weakness	Weakness in muscles of upper arms and upper legs	0003701
Ptosis	Drooping upper eyelid	0000508
Ragged-red muscle fibers		0003200
Sensory ataxic neuropathy		0003434
Upgaze palsy		0025331
Vestibular dysfunction		0001751
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Areflexia	Absent tendon reflexes	0001284
Cataract	Clouding of the lens of the eye Cloudy lens [ more ]	0000518
Depressivity	Depression	0000716
Dilated cardiomyopathy	Stretched and thinned heart muscle	0001644
Gastroparesis	Delayed gastric emptying	0002578
Intestinal pseudo-obstruction		0004389
Memory impairment	Forgetfulness Memory loss Memory problems Poor memory [ more ]	0002354
Migraine	Intermittent migraine headaches Migraine headache Migraine headaches [ more ]	0002076
Seizure		0001250
Percent of people who have these symptoms is not available through HPO
Adult onset	Symptoms begin in adulthood	0003581
Autosomal recessive inheritance		0000007
Cognitive impairment	Abnormality of cognition Cognitive abnormality Cognitive defects Cognitive deficits Intellectual impairment Mental impairment [ more ]	0100543
Cytochrome C oxidase-negative muscle fibers		0003688
Diminished ability to concentrate	Poor concentration	0031987
Elevated serum creatine kinase	Elevated blood creatine phosphokinase Elevated circulating creatine phosphokinase Elevated creatine kinase Elevated serum CPK Elevated serum creatine phosphokinase High serum creatine kinase Increased CPK Increased creatine kinase Increased creatine phosphokinase Increased serum CK Increased serum creatine kinase Increased serum creatine phosphokinase [ more ]	0003236
Impaired distal vibration sensation		0006886
Mildly elevated creatine kinase		0008180
Multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions		0003689
Muscle fiber necrosis		0003713
Progressive external ophthalmoplegia		0000590
Progressive gait ataxia		0007240
Sensorineural hearing impairment		0000407
Sensory axonal neuropathy		0003390
Subsarcolemmal accumulations of abnormally shaped mitochondria		0003548

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Do you have more information about symptoms of this disease? We want to hear from you.

Last updated: 10/1/2020

Do you have updated information on this disease? We want to hear from you.

Diagnosis Diagnosis

Making a diagnosis for a genetic or rare disease can often be challenging. Healthcare professionals typically look at a person’s medical history, symptoms, physical exam, and laboratory test results in order to make a diagnosis. The following resources provide information relating to diagnosis and testing for this condition. If you have questions about getting a diagnosis, you should contact a healthcare professional.

Testing Resources

The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the genetic tests for this condition. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.

Find a Specialist Find a Specialist

If you need medical advice, you can look for doctors or other healthcare professionals who have experience with this disease. You may find these specialists through advocacy organizations, clinical trials, or articles published in medical journals. You may also want to contact a university or tertiary medical center in your area, because these centers tend to see more complex cases and have the latest technology and treatments.

If you can’t find a specialist in your local area, try contacting national or international specialists. They may be able to refer you to someone they know through conferences or research efforts. Some specialists may be willing to consult with you or your local doctors over the phone or by email if you can't travel to them for care.

You can find more tips in our guide, How to Find a Disease Specialist. We also encourage you to explore the rest of this page to find resources that can help you find specialists.

Healthcare Resources

To find a medical professional who specializes in genetics, you can ask your doctor for a referral or you can search for one yourself. Online directories are provided by the American College of Medical Genetics and the National Society of Genetic Counselors. If you need additional help, contact a GARD Information Specialist. You can also learn more about genetic consultations from Genetics Home Reference.

Research Research

Research helps us better understand diseases and can lead to advances in diagnosis and treatment. This section provides resources to help you learn about medical research and ways to get involved.

Clinical Research Resources

The North American Mitochondrial Disease Consortium (NAMDC) is a team of doctors, nurses, research coordinators, and research labs throughout the U.S., working together to improve the lives of people with this condition through research.

Learn More Learn More

These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

Where to Start

Genetics Home Reference (GHR) contains information on Sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis. This website is maintained by the National Library of Medicine.

In-Depth Information

GeneReviews provides current, expert-authored, peer-reviewed, full-text articles describing the application of genetic testing to the diagnosis, management, and genetic counseling of patients with specific inherited conditions.
The Monarch Initiative brings together data about this condition from humans and other species to help physicians and biomedical researchers. Monarch’s tools are designed to make it easier to compare the signs and symptoms (phenotypes) of different diseases and discover common features. This initiative is a collaboration between several academic institutions across the world and is funded by the National Institutes of Health. Visit the website to explore the biology of this condition.
Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) is a catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Each entry has a summary of related medical articles. It is meant for health care professionals and researchers. OMIM is maintained by Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Sensory ataxic neuropathy, dysarthria, and ophthalmoparesis. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

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