Chagas disease

Información en español Title

Not a rare disease

Other Names:

American trypanosomiasis; South American trypanosomiasis; New world trypanosomiasis

Categories:

Parasitic diseases

Summary Summary

Chagas disease is caused by the parasite, Trypanosoma cruzi. The triatomine bug, which can carry the parasite, most often bites a person's face and therefore is more commonly known as the "kissing bug". When a triatomine bug infected with Trypanosoma cruzi bites, it can leave behind infected waste which can be spread into the person's eyes, nose, or a wound. Chagas disease can also spread through contaminated food, a blood transfusion, a donated organ, or from mother to baby during pregnancy. Symptoms may include fever, flu-like symptoms, a rash, or swollen eyelid. Early symptoms usually go away without treatment, but can last a few weeks or months. However, if not treated in the early phase, the parasite can become active again years later. In fact, 20-30% of infected people will later develop serious problems affecting their heart, intestines, or espophagus. This risk is greater for those with a weakened immune system. Chagas disease is common in Latin America, but not in the United States.^[1]

The two drugs used to treat Chagas disease are nifurtimox and benznidazole. On August 30, 2017, the FDA approved benznidazole to treat Chagas disease in children between the ages of 2 to 12 years old. Nifurtimox may also used to treat Chagas disease. Although not FDA approved, nifurtimox can be obtained for the treatment of Chagas disease in the United States through special CDC studies. Similarly, benznidazole is also available through special CDC studies for those with Chagas disease whose treatment is deemed necessary by their doctor but whose age falls outside FDA approval.^[2]

Last updated: 3/21/2018

Symptoms Symptoms

This table lists symptoms that people with this disease may have. For most diseases, symptoms will vary from person to person. People with the same disease may not have all the symptoms listed. This information comes from a database called the Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) . The HPO collects information on symptoms that have been described in medical resources. The HPO is updated regularly. Use the HPO ID to access more in-depth information about a symptom.

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Medical Terms	Other Names	Learn More: HPO ID
30%-79% of people have these symptoms
Abdominal pain	Pain in stomach Stomach pain [ more ]	0002027
Arrhythmia	Abnormal heart rate Heart rhythm disorders Irregular heart beat Irregular heartbeat [ more ]	0011675
Autoimmune antibody positivity		0030057
Cardiomyopathy	Disease of the heart muscle	0001638
Cough	Coughing	0012735
Diarrhea	Watery stool	0002014
Dyspnea	Trouble breathing	0002094
Fever		0001945
Headache	Headaches	0002315
Hepatomegaly	Enlarged liver	0002240
Localized skin lesion		0011355
Lymphadenopathy	Swollen lymph nodes	0002716
Myalgia	Muscle ache Muscle pain [ more ]	0003326
Myocarditis	Inflammation of heart muscle	0012819
Pallor		0000980
Periorbital edema		0100539
Skin rash		0000988
Splenomegaly	Increased spleen size	0001744
Thromboembolism		0001907
5%-29% of people have these symptoms
Abnormal large intestine physiology		0012700
Achalasia		0002571
Aganglionic megacolon	Enlarged colon lacking nerve cells	0002251
Congestive heart failure	Cardiac failure Cardiac failures Heart failure [ more ]	0001635
1%-4% of people have these symptoms
Encephalitis	Brain inflammation	0002383
Peripheral neuropathy		0009830

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Do you have more information about symptoms of this disease? We want to hear from you.

Last updated: 2/1/2021

Do you have updated information on this disease? We want to hear from you.

Treatment Treatment

FDA-Approved Treatments

The medication(s) listed below have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as orphan products for treatment of this condition. Learn more orphan products.

Benznidazole (Brand name: Benznidazole) - Manufactured by Chemo Research, S.L.
FDA-approved indication: For use in children ages 2 to 12 years old with Chagas disease
Nifurtimox (Brand name: LAMPIT) - Manufactured by Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals
FDA-approved indication: Lampit® (nifurtimox) is an antiprotozoal medication indicated for use in pediatric patients (from birth to less than 18 years of age and weighing at least 2.5 kg) for the treatment of Chagas disease (American Trypanosomiasis) caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi).
National Library of Medicine Drug Information Portal

Research Research

Research helps us better understand diseases and can lead to advances in diagnosis and treatment. This section provides resources to help you learn about medical research and ways to get involved.

Clinical Research Resources

ClinicalTrials.gov lists trials that are related to Chagas disease. Click on the link to go to ClinicalTrials.gov to read descriptions of these studies.

Please note: Studies listed on the ClinicalTrials.gov website are listed for informational purposes only; being listed does not reflect an endorsement by GARD or the NIH. We strongly recommend that you talk with a trusted healthcare provider before choosing to participate in any clinical study.

Organizations Organizations

Support and advocacy groups can help you connect with other patients and families, and they can provide valuable services. Many develop patient-centered information and are the driving force behind research for better treatments and possible cures. They can direct you to research, resources, and services. Many organizations also have experts who serve as medical advisors or provide lists of doctors/clinics. Visit the group’s website or contact them to learn about the services they offer. Inclusion on this list is not an endorsement by GARD.

Organizations Supporting this Disease

Chagas Disease Foundation
Website: http://www.chagasfound.org/

Do you know of an organization? We want to hear from you.

Learn More Learn More

These resources provide more information about this condition or associated symptoms. The in-depth resources contain medical and scientific language that may be hard to understand. You may want to review these resources with a medical professional.

Where to Start

You can obtain information on this topic from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The CDC is recognized as the lead federal agency for developing and applying disease prevention and control, environmental health, and health promotion and education activities designed to improve the health of the people of the United States.
MedlinePlus was designed by the National Library of Medicine to help you research your health questions, and it provides more information about this topic.
The World Health Organization (WHO) produces guidelines and standards, helps countries to address public health issues, and supports and promotes health research. The WHO has developed a fact sheet on this condition.

In-Depth Information

Medscape Reference provides information on this topic. You may need to register to view the medical textbook, but registration is free.
Orphanet is a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs. Access to this database is free of charge.
PubMed is a searchable database of medical literature and lists journal articles that discuss Chagas disease. Click on the link to view a sample search on this topic.

GARD Answers GARD Answers

Questions sent to GARD may be posted here if the information could be helpful to others. We remove all identifying information when posting a question to protect your privacy. If you do not want your question posted, please let us know. Submit a new question

My mother is Brazilian and she has Chagas Disease. I would like to know if it is genetic and the chance that I or my children may have it. See answer

Have a question? Contact a GARD Information Specialist.

References References

Parasites - American Trypanosomiasis (also known as Chagas Disease). Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). May 24, 2016; https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/.
Antiparasitic Treatment. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). August 31, 2017; https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/chagas/health_professionals/tx.html.

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